Po Binasuor
| Chế Bồng Nga | |
|---|---|
| Died | 1390 (killed in battle) |
| Known for |
The Red King of Champa (ruled c. 1360–90) |
Po Binasuor (died 1390), Ngo-ta Ngo-che, or Chế Bồng Nga, Che Bunga (Bunga is the Malay word for 'flower', and "Chế" is the Vietnamese transliteration of Cei, a Cham word that means "uncle" - and was, in the days of Champa, frequently used to refer to generals) ruled Champa from 1360–1390 CE. He was also known as The Red King in Vietnamese stories.
Po Binasuor was the last strong king of the kingdom of Champa.[1]:237–238
Unification of Cham Lands
Chế Bồng Nga apparently managed to unite the Cham lands under his rule and by 1361 was strong enough to attack Vietnam from the sea. His Cham forces raided the Vietnamese city of Thăng Long (modern Hanoi) twice, once in 1371 and again in 1377. This second attack followed the death of Trần Duệ Tông after his failed attack on Vijaya.[2]:92–94
The Chams then forced the king of Đại Việt, Trần Phế Đế, to move the state's treasures and wealth to Mount Thienkien and the Kha-lang Caves in 1379.[2]:94 Chế Bồng Nga continued to occupy the two southern Vietnamese provinces of Nghệ An and Thanh Hóa, though he was stopped by Hồ Quý Ly in 1380 and 1382. In 1390, Po Binasuor was finally stopped in another invasion of the capital, when his royal barge suffered a musketry salvo.[2]:107–109
Legacy
The events of Chế Bồng Nga's reign spelled the end of the Trần dynasty in Vietnam, which was revealed as weak and ineffective in the face of the Cham General.[3][4]
After the conquest of Champa, the Vietnamese assigned the surname "Chế" to all persons of Cham origin.
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella, ed. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- 1 2 3 Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., ISBN 9747534991
- ↑ Vietnam, Trials and Tribulations of a Nation D. R. SarDesai, ppg 33-34, 1988
- ↑ Tana, Li. NguyẽN Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. SEAP Publications. <https://books.google.com/books?id=05x5UGA8MmAC>.
| Preceded by Tra Hoa Bo Dê 1342–1360 |
King of Champa 1360–1390 |
Succeeded by Ko Cheng 1390–1400 |