Night Train Lane

Night Train Lane

refer to caption

Lane in 1962 with the Lions
No. 81
Position: Cornerback
Personal information
Date of birth: (1928-04-16)April 16, 1928
Place of birth: Austin, Texas
Date of death: January 29, 2002(2002-01-29) (aged 73)
Place of death: Austin, Texas
Height: 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Weight: 194 lb (88 kg)
Career information
High school: Austin (TX) Anderson
College: Scottsbluff JC
Undrafted: 1952
Career history
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics
Games: 157
Interceptions: 68
Int return yards: 1,207
Touchdowns: 6
Player stats at NFL.com

Richard Lane (April 16, 1928 – January 29, 2002), commonly known as Dick "Night Train" Lane, was an American football player. A native of Austin, Texas, he played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 years as a defensive back for the Los Angeles Rams (1952–1953), Chicago Cardinals (1954–1959), and Detroit Lions (1960–1965).

As a rookie in 1952, Lane had 14 interceptions, a mark that remains an NFL record more than 60 years later. He played in the Pro Bowl seven times and was selected as a first-team All-NFL player seven time between 1956 and 1963. His 68 career interceptions ranked second in NFL history at the time of his retirement and still ranks fourth in NFL history. He was also known as one of the most ferocious tacklers in NFL history and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1974. He was also named to the NFL's all-time All-Pro team in 1969 and its 75th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1994. In 1999, he was ranked number 20 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.

After retiring from professional football, Lane worked for the Detroit Lions in various administrative positions from 1966 to 1972 and then held assistant coaching positions at Southern University (1972) and Central State University (1973). For 17 years from 1975 to 1992, he was in charge of Detroit's Police Athletic League.

Early life

Youth

Lane was born in Austin, Texas, in April 1928.[1][2] When he was three months old, he was abandoned by his birth parents, a prostitute and pimp.[3] He was found, covered in newspapers, in a dumpster.[4][5][6] Lane later recalled, "My father was called Texas Slim. I never saw him - I don't know if he's the one that told my mother to throw me away. A pimp told my mother I had to go. They put me in a trash can and took off. Some people heard me crying. They thought it was a cat."[7]

Lane was adopted and raised by Ella Lane, who also had four other children.[7] As a youth in Austin, Lane grew up poor, busing tables at local hotels and shining shoes on Congress Avenue.[8] He also helped his mother with a laundry business she ran out of the home.[7] Lane became known as "Cue Ball" and later recalled how he acquired the nickname: "I was in a pool hall in 12th street. We were playing for money, maybe a dime. As soon as I made the eight ball, the other guy took off running. He didn't want to pay. I grabbed that cue ball and just as he made the corner I threw it and hit him upside the head. The guy didn't know what had hit him."[7]

Anderson High School

Lane attended L.C. Anderson High School, Austin's segregated high school for African Americans. He played basketball and football and was a member of the school's 1945 and 1946 football teams. The 1945 team was runnerup in the Prairie View Interscholastic League, an association of black schools in Texas.[3][7][9]

Negro Leagues

After graduating from high school, Lane lived for a time in Council Bluffs, Iowa, with his birth mother, Etta Mae King. She had visited during Lane's youth, and the two reconciled. His mother and a man had opened a tavern in Council Bluffs. While in Council Bluffs, a baseball scout signed Lane, and he played for a time with the Omaha Rockets, a farm team for the Kansas City Monarchs.[7]

Scottsbluff Junior College

In the fall of 1947, Lane enrolled at Scottsbluff Junior College in Scottsbluff, Nebraska. He played one season of college football at Scottsbluff.[7] He was the only African American player on the team, and a clipping from the college newspaper noted, "He is outstanding for his vicious tackles, hard running and pass snatching."[10] The Scottsbluff football team compiled a 5-3-1 record with Lane in the lineup in 1947 and finished in third place in the Nebraska Junior College Conference.[10]

Military service

In 1948, Lane enrolled in the United States Army, serving for four years.[4] He served at Fort Ord on Monterey Bay in California and played on a Fort Ord football team. In 1951, he caught 18 touchdown passes for Fort Ord.[11] He received second-team All-Army honors in 1949 and first-team honors in 1951.[12] After his discharge from the Army, Lane worked in an aircraft plant in Los Angeles, lifting heavy sheets of metal out of a bin and placing them into a press.[11]

Professional football

Los Angeles Rams

Signing and nickname

While working at the aircraft plant in Los Angeles, Lane passed the Los Angeles Rams offices on his bus ride to work.[11] He walked into the office with a scrapbook of clippings in 1952 and asked for a tryout.[11][13] He was recommended to the Rams by Gabby Sims and signed as a free agent.[14] Lane initially tried out as a receiver, the position he had played at Ford Ord, but was switched to a defensive back by the Rams.[15] In the Rams' first scrimmage on August 3, 1952, Lane drew praise as "the outstanding player in the scrimmage by a country mile" due to his "ferocious" approach to the game and his speed in chasing down Elroy Hirsch.[14] After the scrimmage, Rams head coach Joe Stydahar said, "Lane came out here to make the ball club. Well, last night he got himself a job."[14]

Lane acquired the nickname "Night Train" during his first training camp with the Rams. Teammate Tom Fears had a record player in his room and frequently played the record, "Night Train", by Jimmy Forrest. The record was released in March 1952 and was the #1 R&B hit for seven weeks.[14][13] According to an account published by the Los Angeles Times in August 1952, "Whenever Fears plays it Lane can be found in the hall outside Tom's room dancing to the music."[14] Lane was initially uncomfortable with the racial implication of the nickname, which had been bestowed on him by his white teammates, but he embraced it after a newspaper reported on his performance against Washington Redskins star Choo Choo Justice with the headline, "Night Train Derails Choo Choo".[3]

1952 season

As a rookie in 1952, Lane appeared in all 12 regular season games and broke the NFL single season record with 14 interceptions. He also led the league with 298 interception return yards and two interceptions returned for touchdowns.[1] In his first NFL game, a 37-7 loss to the Cleveland Browns, Lane was credited by the Los Angeles Times with playing "a positively sensational game at defensive halfback (he made about 50% of the tackles)."[16] On December 7, 1952, he intercepted three passes in 45-27 victory over the Green Bay Packers, including an 80-yard return of a pass from Tobin Rote.[17] The following week, he intercepted three more passes in a 28-14 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers, including one that he returned 42 yards for a touchdown.[18] However, he sprained an ankle after making his third interception against the Steelers and was lost to the Rams for their playoff game against the Detroit Lions.[19] The NFL later prepared a list of the greatest single-season performances of all time and ranked Lane's 1952 season No. 4 on that list.[20]

1953 season

After Lane blocked two field goal attempts during a July 1953 scrimmage, Rams coach Hamp Pool said, "Night Train has the reflexes of a cat. It just doesn't seem possible that a man can come in from so far out and get in front of the ball in a matter of a couple of seconds."[21] During the 1953 season, Lane appeared in 11 games for the Rams, but he intercepted only three passes.[1] The highlight of his 1953 season was a blocked field goal against the Green Bay Packers; Lane blocked the kick at the Rams' 25-yards line, caught it on the bounce 45 yards downfield, and returned it for a touchdown.[22]

Chicago Cardinals

In January 1954, the Rams traded Lane to the Chicago Cardinals in a three-team deal that also involved Don Doll.[23] During the 1954 season, Lane appeared in all 12 regular season games for the Cardinals and again led the NFL in both interceptions (10) and interception return yards (181).[1] Lane was occasionally used as a receiver by the Cardinals, and on November 13, 1955, he caught a pass from Ogden Nash, a play that covered 98 yards, the second longest pass in NFL history up to that time.[24]

Lane remained with the Cardinals for six seasons from 1954 through 1959, appearing in 68 games and intercepting 30 passes.[1] During his years with the Cardinals, Lane received All-NFL honors in 1954 (AP and UPI second team), 1955 (UPI second team), 1956 (AP and UPI first team), 1957 (Sporting News first team), 1958 (AP second team), 1959 (NEA first team).[1] He was also invited to play in the Pro Bowl in 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1958.[1]

Detroit Lions

On August 22, 1960, the Cardinals traded Lane to the Detroit Lions in exchange for lineman Gerry Perry.[25] Lions great Joe Schmidt later called it "one of the greatest trades that will ever be made in any sport."[11] At the time of the trade, Lions head coach George Wilson noted: "He has a reputation as a gambler. We are aware of that but he still has speed and experience."[26]

In the Lions' first win of the 1960 season, a 30-17 victory over the Baltimore Colts, Lane intercepted a Johnny Unitas pass and returned it 80 yards for a touchdown, quickly becoming a fan favorite in Detroit.[27][28] In his first two seasons with the Lions, Lane intercepted 11 passes for 175 return yards.[1] In all, Lane played six seasons with the Lions from 1960 to 1965, appearing in 66 games with 21 interceptions for 272 yards. During his time with the Lions, Lane received All-NFL honors in 1960 (UPI, NEA and Sporting News first team), 1961 (AP, NEA, and Sporting News first team), 1962 (AP, UPI, Sporting News and NEA first team), 1963 (UPI and Sporting News first team).[1] He was also invited to play in the Pro Bowl in 1960, 1961, and 1962.[1]

Lane appeared in the 1962 Pro Bowl despite suffering from appendicitis. Weakened and in pain, he blocked an extra point kick and intercepted a Y.A. Tittle pass and returned it 42 yards for the West All-Stars. He checked into a Los Angeles hospital the next day and had his appendix removed.[29][30]

In early July 1963, Lane married jazz singer Dinah Washington and began serving as her business manager, leading to reports that he may not continue his football career. However, he signed a contract with the Lions in late July.[31] Lane intercepted five passes and recovered two fumbles in 14 games for the 1963 Lions.[1]

Lane was hampered by injuries after the 1963 season. In August 1964, he was injured in a pre-season game, had surgery on his knee, and was out of action for the first part of the 1964 season.[32][33] Lane ultimately appeared in seven games for the 1964 Lions, managing only one interception, the lowest total of his career up to that point.[1]

On September 7, 1965, after undergoing off-season knee surgery, Lane, at age 37, was released by the Lions.[34] When no other team claimed him, Lane returned to the Lions as a taxi squad player.[35] He was returned to the active lineup on October 20, 1965,[36] appearing in seven games with no interceptions for the first time in his career.[1]

Ferocious tackler

Lane was known as a ferocious tackler, and his style of play led to changes in the rules of the game. In 1961, he tackled Jon Arnett by the face mask as he ran at full speed down the field. Arnett lay motionless on the field after the tackle, and the play left a lasting impression.[37] The following year, the NFL adopted a rule prohibiting the grasping of an opponent's face mask.[38]

Lane's practice of tackling opponents about the head and neck, which was then a legal technique, was sometimes called a "Night Train Necktie". It later became known as a clothesline tackle and prohibited.[39] He later explained the rationale for his practice of necktie tackling:

My object is to stop the guy before he gains another inch. . . . [I]f I hit them in the legs they may fall forward for a first down. . . . I grab them around the neck so I can go back to the bench and sit down.[40]

In 2009, a film produced by the NFL ranked Lane No. 2 on its list (behind Dick Butkus) of the most feared tacklers in league history. The film also credited Lane's practices with the prohibition of clothesline tackles.[39]

In the book Paper Lion by George Plimpton, former Detroit Lions assistant coach Aldo Forte recalled a hit that Lane placed on then New York Giants quarterback Y.A. Tittle in 1962 that literally "knocked the plays out of his head",[41] rendering the quarterback unable to remember any of the Giants' plays until after halftime.

Career accomplishments and honors

During his 14 years in the NFL, Lane recorded 68 interceptions, 1,207 interception return yards, and five touchdowns on interception. From 1954 to 1963, he was selected as a first-team All-NFL player seven times and played in seven Pro Bowls.[1] His single-season record of 14 interceptions still stands despite the lengthening of the NFL season from 12 to 16 games.[42] Lane's 68 career interceptions ranked second in NFL history at the time of his retirement and still ranks fourth in NFL history as of the end of the 2015 NFL season.[43] His 1,207 interception return yards also ranked second in NFL history when he retired and still ranks sixth in NFL history.[44] His 298 interception return yards in 1952 was three yards short of the NFL record at the time and remains the seventh best single-season total in NFL history.[45]

Lane has received numerous honors for his contributions to the sport. His honors include the following:

Post-NFL career

After retiring from professional football, Lane worked for the Detroit Lions in various administrative positions. He was the first African American to work in the Lions' front office. In February 1972, Lane quit his job with the Lions to become an assistant football coach at Southern University, a historically black university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[55] He left Southern University in June 1973 to become an admissions counselor and assistant football coach at Central State University, a historically black university in Wilberforce, Ohio.[56][57] In January 1974, he resigned his position at Central State to accept a job in Los Angeles as a bodyguard and personal assistant for television star, Redd Foxx.[58][10][59]

In October 1975, Lane was hired to manage Detroit's Police Athletic League.[12][40] He remained in charge of the program for 17 years and oversaw its expansion to 16 centers with 20,000 participants.[60] He retired from the post at the end of 1992.[61][62]

Personal life and death

Dinah Washington in 1962

Lane was married three times. He married his first wife, Geraldine Dandridge, in April 1951. The couple separated in August 1962 and was divorced in January 1963.[63][12]

In July 1963, Lane married jazz singer Dinah Washington at a ceremony in Las Vegas. It was the sixth marriage for Washington and the second for Lane.[64] On December 14, 1963, Lane discovered Washington dead at their home at 4002 Buena Vista Street in Detroit with a bottle of prescription pills on the night stand beside her.[65]

In 1964, Lane married school teacher Mary Cowser,[66] who in 1955 became the first African American woman to appear in Coca Cola advertisements.[67] They had a son, Richard Ladimir Lane, born in approximately 1966. The marriage ended in divorce after ten years.[12][66] Lane was also the biological father of drag racer, Richard Andrew Walker, born in approximately 1966.[68]

In 1994, Lane moved from Detroit back to his hometown of Austin, Texas.[7] Due to reduced mobility from diabetes and knee injuries, he spent the last two years of his life at the Five Star Assisted Living facility in North Austin.[69] He died there from a heart attack in January 2002 at age 73, after playing dominoes and while listening to jazz in his room.[69] His family believed that he also suffered from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) brought on by football-related Injuries.[70]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Night Train Lane". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 28, 2016. (listing date of birth as April 16, 1928)
  2. ↑ Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Listing date of birth as April 16, 1928.
  3. 1 2 3 Rick Cantu (January 19, 2001). "Night Train's tale: NFL Hall of Famer Dick Lane reflects on East Austin roots, pro football life in new book". Austin American-Statesman. p. C1.
  4. 1 2 Gary Klein (January 31, 2002). "Dick 'Night Train' Lane, 73; Set Record as Rookie on L.A. Rams". Los Angeles Times. p. B12 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ Jim Vertuno (January 31, 2002). "NFL legend 'Night Train' Lane dead at 73". Longview News-Journal (AP story). p. 3D – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ Richard Goldstein (February 1, 2002). "Night Train Lane, 73, N.F.L. Defensive Star". The New York Times.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 John Maher (October 23, 1994). "Richard Night Train Lane: After a Remarkable Football Career and Life, This Lion in Winter Has Pulled Into His Home Station Again". Austin American-Statesman. p. C14.
  8. ↑ Andrew Maraniss (June 30, 1991). "'Night Train' knew his cues, and used one". Austin American-Statesman. p. F4.
  9. ↑ Obituaries indicate that he led the 1944 team that won the Prairie View championship, but more detailed stories indicate he appeared in only one game for the 1944 team.
  10. 1 2 3 "Former Scottsbluff college gridster will be honored". The Columbus Telegram (Columbus, Nebraska). February 8, 1974. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Where He Is Now: On the Track of "Night Train" Lane". Ukiah Daily Journal. November 13, 1981. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Whatever happened to . . . 'Night Train' Lane". Ebony. May 1978. pp. 100, 102, 104.
  13. 1 2 Al Wolf (July 26, 1953). "Sportraits". Los Angeles Times. p. 65 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Frank Finch (August 4, 1952). "Stydahar Groans Over Rams' Play in First Squad Scrum at Redlands". Los Angeles Times. p. IV.2 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "Dick "Night Train" Lane Hall of Fame Biography". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Browns Outclass Rams, 37-7, Before 57,832". Los Angeles Times. September 29, 1952. p. 54 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ↑ Frank Finch (December 8, 1952). "Rams Roar Over Packers, 45 to 27: Lane Runs 80 Yards for Score". Los Angeles Times. p. 81 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ↑ "Rams Hand Steelers 28-14 Beating to Tie for Crown". Los Angeles Times. December 15, 1952. p. 78 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ↑ "Lane's Injury Dims Ram Victory Party". Los Angeles Times. December 15, 1952. p. 77 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ↑ "Top Ten Season Performances". NFL.com. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  21. ↑ "Lane, Agajian Star in Workout". Los Angeles Times. July 24, 1953. p. 59 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ "Rams Trounce Packers, 33-17". Los Angeles Times. December 13, 1953. p. 82 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ↑ "Rams Obtain Doll, Peters in Triple Deal, Lose Lane". Los Angeles Times. January 31, 1954. p. 86 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "Bays Even Slate at 4-4, Gain in Race". Green Bay Press-Gazette. November 14, 1955. p. 21 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ "Lions Get Help for Defense: Perry Sent Out For Dick Lane". Detroit Free Press. August 23, 1960. p. 25 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ "Lions Get Help for Defense". Detroit Free Press. August 23, 1960. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ↑ George Puscas (October 25, 1960). "Lose or Win . . . Wilson Missing". Detroit Free Press. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "Game Icer for Detroit". Lansing State Journal. October 24, 1960 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ↑ "Night Train: Now It Can Be Told!". Detroit Free Press. January 18, 1962. p. 30 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Unitas Pass Beats East". Detroit Free Press. January 15, 1962. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ↑ "Night Train Lane Signs With Lions". The Fresno Bee. July 31, 1963. p. 2D – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ "Lane Lost To Lions 6 Weeks". Detroit Free Press. August 21, 1964 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ↑ "Lane OK After Knee Surgery". Detroit Free Press. August 22, 1964. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ↑ "Joe Don Is AWOL From Lions". Detroit Lions. September 8, 1965. p. 2C – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "Lions Put Lane on Taxi Squad". Detroit Free Press. September 11, 1965. p. 1C – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ↑ George Puscas (October 21, 1965). "Night Train Back To Help Lions". Detroit Free Press. p. 1F – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ George Puscas (July 28, 1974). "'Train' Was a Special Sort of Cat". Detroit Free Press. p. 6E – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ↑ "Evolution of the rules: from hashmarks to crackback blocks". NFL.com. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  39. 1 2 "Top Ten Most Feared Tacklers". NFL Films. 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  40. 1 2 "A Trip With Night Lane". The Sun-Telegram. November 28, 1975. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ↑ Paper Lion, Plimpton, 40th anniversary edition, pg. 136.
  42. ↑ "NFL Single-Season Interceptions Leaders". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  43. ↑ "NFL Career Interceptions Leaders". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  44. ↑ "NFL Career Interception Return Yards Leaders". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  45. ↑ "NFL Single-Season Interception Return Yards Leaders". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  46. ↑ "Night Train Lane Picked On Pros' All-Time Team". Detroit Free Press. September 7, 1969. p. 3E – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ↑ "Graham, Huff on All-1950s Pro Football Selections". Racine Sunday Bulletin. August 31, 1969. p. 6C – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ↑ Jack Saylor (February 6, 1974). "It's Hall of Fame for Night Train". Detroit Free Press. p. 1D – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ↑ "Famer Lane Has a Message". Detroit Free Press. July 28, 1974. p. 1E – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ↑ Drew Sharp (January 26, 1988). "Overdue 'Train' happy to reach Hall of Fame". Detroit Free Press. p. 1D – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ↑ "Very Best of the NFL". Detroit Free Press. August 24, 1994. p. 1D – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ↑ "untitled". Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, NY). August 15, 1999. p. 3D – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ↑ "Inductees". Texas Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Honors scheduled". The Arizona Republic. July 31, 2006. p. C5 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ↑ "Lane Moves to Southern U.: Night Train Quits the Lions". Detroit Free Press. February 10, 1972. p. 3D – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ↑ "'Night Train' Shifts Jobs". Detroit Free Press. June 24, 1973. p. 5E – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ↑ "'Night Train' Has A Coaching Dream". Detroit Free Press. August 31, 1973. p. 1D – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ↑ "Groza, Lane make Canton". The Xenia (OH) Daily Gazette. February 6, 1974. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ↑ Ron Roach (February 7, 1974). "Pro Ball, Then Degree For Night Train". Alexandria Daily Town Talk (AP story). p. B3 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. ↑ Steve Crowe (April 23, 1987). "Lane urges youths to find PAL". Detroit Free Press. p. 5A – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ↑ "Night Train Lane to be honored, roasted by PAL". Detroit Free Press. January 19, 1993. p. 4B – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ↑ "A Richard (Night Train) Lane Salute". Detroit Free Press. January 22, 1993. p. 2F – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ↑ "Night Train Gets Divorce". Detroit Free Press. January 30, 1963. p. D3 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ↑ "Night Train, Dinah Wed". Detroit Free Press. July 3, 1963. p. 2C – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ↑ "Singer Dinah Washington Dies". Detroit Free Press. December 15, 1963. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. 1 2 "'Night Train' Lane To Wed Detroit Schoolteacher". Jet. September 10, 1964. p. 55.
  67. ↑ "Resident was first black woman in Coca-Cola ads". Ocala Star Banner. September 4, 2007.
  68. ↑ "Driven to reclaim his freedom: Ed-drag racer claims he was wrongly imprisoned for life". The Detroit News. August 11, 1996. pp. 1D, 7D – via Newspapers.com.
  69. 1 2 Rick Cantu (January 31, 2002). "Austinite was one of NFL's greatest players". Austin American-Statesman.
  70. ↑ Ian O'Connor (February 3, 2016). "Another CTE case, another reason football needs dramatic change". ESPN.com.
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