Egyptian Expeditionary Force

Egyptian Expeditionary Force
Active	1916–19
Country	British Empire French Republic Kingdom of Italy
Engagements	First World War Senussi Campaign Sinai and Palestine Campaign
Commanders
Notable commanders	Archibald Murray (1916–17) Edmund Allenby (1917–19)

A mint stamp of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force available at EEF post offices in Lebanon.

The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) was a British Empire military formation, formed on 10 March 1916 under the command of General Archibald Murray from the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force and the Force in Egypt (1914–15), at the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

History

Formed in the British protectorate of the Sultanate of Egypt, the initially small force was raised to guard the Suez Canal and Egypt. After the withdrawal from the Gallipoli Campaign the force grew into a large reserve force designed to provide reinforcements for the Western Front, while the Western Frontier Force fought in the Senussi Campaign from 1915 to 1917, and the Eastern Frontier Force defended the canal at the Battle of Romani in August 1916.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Following the victory at Romani, part of Eastern Force pursued the Ottoman Empire invading force back to Palestine after the victories at the Battle of Magdhaba in December 1916 and the Battle of Rafa in January 1917, by which time Desert Column had been formed within Eastern Force. These victories which resulted in the recapture of substantial Egyptian territory were followed in March and April, by two EEF defeats on Ottoman Turkish Empire territory, at the First and Second Battles of Gaza in southern Palestine.^[5]

During the Stalemate in Southern Palestine from April to October 1917, Murray consolidated the EEF's position and in June General Edmund Allenby took command and began preparations to take the offensive, employing maneuver warfare He reorganised the force into the XX Corps, XXI Corps and Desert Mounted Corps formerly Desert Column.^[6] On 31 October two corps captured Beersheba defended by the Turkish III Corps (which had fought at Gallipoli), which weakened their defences stretching almost continually from Gaza to Beersheba. Subsequently the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe, the Third Battle of Gaza and the Battle of Hareira and Sheria forced the withdrawal from Gaza on the night of 6/7 November at the beginning of the pursuit to Jerusalem. During the subsequent operations, about fifty miles (80 km) of formerly Turkish territory, was captured as a result of the EEF victories at the Battle of Mughar Ridge, fought between 10 and 14 November, and the Battle of Jerusalem fought between 17 November and 30 December. Serious losses on the Western Front in March 1918 during the German Spring Offensive, forced the British Empire to send reinforcements from the EEF. During this time, two unsuccessful attacks were made to capture Amman and to capture Es Salt in March and April 1918, before Allenby's force resumed the offensive, again employing manoeuvre warfare at the Battle of Megiddo. The successful infantry battles at the Battle of Tulkarm and the Battle of Tabsor, created gaps in the Ottoman front line, enabling the pursuit by the Desert Mounted Corps to encircle the infantry fighting in the Judean Hills when fighting occurred during the Battle of Nazareth, the Afulah, Beisan, the Jenin, the Battle of Samakh, and the capture of Tiberias. In the process the EEF destroyed three Turkish Armies during the Battle of Sharon, the Battle of Nablus and the Third Transjordan attack, capturing thousands of prisoners and large quantities of equipment. Subsequently the EEF pursued the surviving German and Turkish forces to Damascus, and Aleppo, before the Ottoman Turkish Empire agreed to the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, ending the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The British Mandate of Palestine, and the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon were created to administer the captured territories.^[7]

1916

Canal Defences (General Murray)

No.1 Section, Headquarters Suez – IX Corps (January to March)

No.2 Section, Headquarters Ismailia – I Anzac Corps (January to March)

Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade

Jodhpur Lancers

Mysore Lancers

Hyderabad Lancers

11th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment

(incomplete)

No.3 Section, Headquarters Port Said – (Major General H.A. Lawrence)

42nd (East Lancashire) Division

125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade

126th (East Lancashire) Brigade

127th (Manchester) Brigade

52nd (Lowland) Division (Major General W.E.B. Smith)

155th (South Scottish) Brigade

156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade

157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade^{[Note 1]}

Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division (Anzac Mounted Division) (Major General Sir H.G. Chauvel)

1st Australian Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

Leicestershire Royal Horse Artillery

2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

Ayrshire Royal Horse Artillery

3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

Inverness-shire Royal Horse Artillery

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (Brigadier General E. W. C. Chaytor)

Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel C. E. R. Mackesy)

Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel J. Findlay)

Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel W. Meldrum)

Somerset Royal Horse Artillery^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

5th Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General E. A. Wiggin)

Royal Gloucestershire Hussars

Warwickshire Yeomanry

Worcestershire Yeomanry

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (Brigadier General C. L. Smith VC)

1st (Australian) Battalion

2nd (British) Battalion

3rd (Australian) Battalion

4th (ANZAC) Battalion^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[13]^[14]

No. 1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps (Lieutenant Colonel E. H. Reynold)

A Flight (Captain W. Sheldon – four machines later expanded to six)

B Flight (Lieutenant Manwell – four machines later expanded to six)

C Flight (Captain Williams – four machines later expanded to six)

Until almost the end of 1917, No. l Squadron, A.F.C., and No. 14 Squadron, R.F.C., were the sole flying units east of the Suez Canal.^[15]

General organisation in April 1916

General Headquarters

General Headquarters Troops

No. 1 Section (IX Corps)

No. 2 Section (II ANZAC)

No. 3 Section (Anzac Mounted Division)

Western Frontier Force

Northwestern Section

Southwestern Section

L. of C. Defence Troops

Inspector-General of Communications

Alexandria District

Cyprus Garrison

Lines of Communication Units^[16]

Order of battle April

General Headquarters

Commander in Chief – Lieutenant General (temp. General) A. J. Murray
Chief of General Staff – Major General A. L. Lynden-Bell

Headquarters of Administrative services and departments Army Signals, Work, Supplies and Transport, Railways, Ordnance, Remounts, Veterinary Services, Medical Services, Army Postal Services, Paymaster Inspector General of Communication and Levant Base

Anzac Mounted Division GOC Colonel (temp. Major General) H.G. Chauvel

1st Light Horse Brigade (Western Force) GOC Lieutenant Colonel C. F. Cox (acting)

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

4th Light Horse Regiment (attached)

2nd Light Horse Brigade GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General G. de L. Ryrie

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment (attached)

3rd Light Horse Brigade GOC Brevet Lieutenant Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) J. M Antill

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment (attached)

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade GOC Brigadier General E. W. C. Chaytor)

Auckland Mounted Rifle Regiment

Canterbury Mounted Rifle Regiment

Wellington Mounted Rifle Regiment

Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment (attached)

Divisional Troops

Artillery

III Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.) Leicestershire and Somerset Batteries

IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.) Inverness-shire and Ayrshire Batteries

Engineers

1st Australian Field Squadron

Signal Service

1st Anzac Signal Squadron

Army Service Corps (ASC)

HQ, Light Horse Divisional ASC

Light Horse Supply Column (M.T.)

Medical Units

1st, 2nd and 3rd Light Horse Field Ambulances

NZ Mounted Brigade Ambulance

IX Corps GOC Major General (temp. Lieutenant General) F. J. Davies

Corps Troops

Mounted Troops

8th Mounted Brigade

1/1st City of London Yeomanry

1/1st County of London Yeomanry

1/3rd County of London Yeomanry

1/1st London Signal Troop

"B" Battery, H.A.C.

No. 9 Field Troop

1/1st London Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

Signal Service

HH and KK Cable Section

London Pack Wireless Section

Northern Wagon Wireless Section

42nd (East Lancashire) Division GOC Major General W. Douglas

125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) H. C. Frith

1/5th Lancashire Fusiliers

1/6th Lancashire Fusiliers

1/7th Lancashire Fusiliers

1/8th Lancashire Fusiliers

125th Brigade Machine Gun Company

126th (East Lancashire) Brigade GOC Major (temp. Brigadier General) A. W. Tufnell

1/4th East Lancashire Regiment

1/5th East Lancashire Regiment

1/9th Manchester Regiment

1/10th Manchester Regiment

126th Brigade Machine Gun Company

127th (Manchester) Brigade GOC Lieutenant Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) V. A. Ormsby

1/5th Manchester Regiment

1/6th Manchester Regiment

1/7th Manchester Regiment

1/8th Manchester Regiment

127th Brigade Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

1 Squadron Duke of Lancaster's Yeomanry

13th Cyclist Company

Artillery

1/1st East Lancashire Brigade RFA

1/2nd East Lancashire Brigade RFA

1/3rd East Lancashire Brigade RFA

1/4th East Lancashire (Howitzer) Brigade RFA

42nd Divisional Ammunition Column

Engineers

1/1st East Lancashire Field Company RE

1/2nd East Lancashire Field Company RE

1/2nd West Lancashire Field Company RE

Signal Service

42nd Divisional Signal Company

ASC

42nd Divisional Train

Medical Units

1/1st, 1/2nd and 1/3rd East Lancashire Field Ambulances

3rd Dismounted Brigade (attached) GOC Lieutenant Colonel Lord Kensington (Acting)

1/1st Royal East Kent Yeomanry

1/1st Queen's Own West Kent Yeomanry

1/1st Sussex Yeomanry

1/1st Welsh Horse

1/1st Norfolk Yeomanry

1/1st Suffolk Yeomanry

Machine Gun Company

3rd Dismounted Brigade Signal Troop

1/1st Eastern and 1/1st South Eastern Mounted Brigade Field Ambulances

54th (East Anglian) Division GOC Colonel (temp. Major General) S. W. Hare

161st (Essex) Brigade

1/4th Essex Regiment

1/5th Essex Regiment

1/6th Essex Regiment

1/7th Essex Regiment

161st Machine Gun Company

162nd (East Midland) Brigade

1/5th Bedfordshire Regiment

1/4th Northamptonshire Regiment

1/10th London Regiment

1/11th London Regiment

162nd Machine Gun Company

163rd (Norfolk and Suffolk) Brigade

1/4th Norfolk Regiment

1/5th Norfolk Regiment

1/8th Hampshire Regiment

163rd Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

1 Squadron 1/1st Hertfordshire Yeomanry (with HQ and Machine Gun Section)

Artillery

1/1st East Anglian Brigade RFA

1/2nd East Anglian Brigade RFA

1/3rd East Anglian Brigade RFA

1/4th East Anglian Brigade RFA

54th Divisional Ammunition Column (one officer and 35 other ranks)

Engineers

2/1st East Anglian Field Company RE

1/2nd East Anglian Field Company RE

1/1st Kent Field Company RE

Signal Service

54th Divisional Signal Company

ASC

54th Divisional Train (Supply details only)

Medical Units

2/1st, 1/2nd and 1/3rd East Anglian Field Ambulances

20th Indian Brigade (attached) GOC Brigadier General H. D. Watson

2/3rd Gurkhas

58th Rifles

Alwar Infantry (I.S.)

Gwalior Infantry (I.S.)

29th Indian Brigade GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) P. C. Palin

23rd Pioneers

57th Rifles

Patiala Infantry (I.S.)

No. 10 Co. King's Own Sappers and Miners

110, 121, 135 Indian Field Ambulances

7th and 26th Mule Corps

II Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (II ANZAC) GOC Major General (temp. LIeutenant General) A. J. Godley

Corps Troops

Signal Service

No. 24 Airline Section

FF and NN Cable Sections

1st Australian Ammunition Park

1st Australian Supply Column

Royal Australian Navy Bridging Train

14th Fortress Company RE

4th Australian Division GOC Major General H. V. Cox

4th Australian Infantry Brigade

GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) J. Monash

13th Battalion

14th Battalion

15th Battalion

16th Battalion

4th Machine Gun Company

12th Australian Infantry Brigade

45th Battalion

46th Battalion

47th Battalion

48th Battalion

12th Machine Gun Company

13th Australian Infantry Brigade

49th Battalion

50th Battalion

51st Battalion

52nd Battalion

13th Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

"B" Squadron 13th Light Horse Regiment

4th Divisional Cyclist Company

Artillery

X Field Artillery Brigade

XI Field Artillery Brigade

XII Field Artillery Brigade

XXIV Howitzer Brigade

4th Divisional Ammunition Column

Engineers

4th Field Company

12th Field Company

13th Field Company

Signal Service

4th Divisional Signal Company

Pioneers

4th Pioneer Battalion

ASC

7th, 14th, 26th and 27th Coys, AASC

Medical Units

4th, 12th, 13th Field Ambulances

5th Australian Division GOC Colonel (temp Major General) J. W. McCay

8th Australian Infantry Brigade

29th Battalion

30th Battalion

31st Battalion

32nd Battalion

8th Machine Gun Company

14th Australian Infantry Brigade

53rd Battalion

54th Battalion

55th Battalion

56th Battalion

14th Machine Gun Company

15th Australian Infantry Brigade

57th Battalion

58th Battalion

59th Battalion

60th Battalion

15th Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

"C" Squadron 13th Light Horse Regiment

5th Divisional Cyclist Company

Artillery

XIII Field Artillery Brigade

XIV Field Artillery Brigade

XV Field Artillery Brigade

XXV Howitzer Brigade

5th Divisional Ammunition Column

Engineers

8th Field Company

14th Field Company

15th Field Company

Signal Service

5th Divisional Signal Company

Pioneers

5th Pioneer Battalion

ASC

10th, 18th, 28th and 29th Coys, AASC

Medical Units

8th, 14th, 15th Field Ambulances

11th (Northern) Division GOC Major General E. A. Fanshawe

32nd Brigade

9th West Yorkshire Regiment

6th Yorkshire Regiment

8th West Riding Regiment

6th York and Lancaster Regiment

32nd Brigade Machine Gun Company

33rd Brigade

6th Lincolnshire Regiment

6th Border Regiment

7th South Staffordshire Regiment

9th Sherwood Foresters

33rd Brigade Machine Gun Company

34th Brigade

8th Northumberland Fusiliers

9th Lancashire Fusiliers

5th Dorsetshire Regiment

11th Manchester Regiment

34th Brigade Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

1 Squadron 1/1st Hertfordshire Yeomanry

11th Cyclist Company

Artillery

LVIII Brigade RFA

LIX Brigade RFA

LX Brigade RFA

CXXXIII Brigade RFA

Engineers

67th Field Company RE

68th Field Company RE

86th Field Company RE

Signal Service

11th Divisional Signal Company

Pioneers

6th East Yorkshire Regiment

ASC

11th Divisional Train (Supply details only)

Medical Units

33rd, 34th, 35th Field Ambulances

No. 3 Section Canal Defences GOC etc Headquarters 52nd Division

Corps Troops

Mounted Troops

5th Mounted Brigade

1/1st Warwick Yeomanry

1/1st Gloucester Yeomanry

1/1st Worcester Yeomanry

1/1st South Midland Signal Troop

"A" Battery, H.A.C.

No. 7 Field Troop

1/1st South Midland Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

Engineers

220th Army Troops Company RE

Signal Service

No. 21 Airline Section

WW Cable Section

52nd (Lowland) Division GOC Major General H. A. Lawrence

155th (South Scottish) Brigade

1/4th Royal Scots Fusiliers

1/5th Royal Scots Fusiliers

1/4th King's Own Scottish Borderers

1/5th King's Own Scottish Borderers

155th Brigade Machine Gun Company

156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade

1/4th Royal Scots

1/7th Royal Scots

1/7th Scottish Rifles

1/8th Scottish Rifles

156th Brigade Machine Gun Company

157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade

1/5th Highland Light Infantry

1/6th Highland Light Infantry

1/7th Highland Light Infantry

1/5th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders

157th Brigade Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

HQ and "C" Squadron Royal Glasgow Yeomanry

52nd Cyclist Company

Artillery

1/2nd Lowland Brigade RFA

1/3rd Lowland Brigade RFA

1/4th Lowland Brigade RFA

1/5th Lowland Brigade RFA

52nd Divisional Ammunition Column (one officer and 35 other ranks)

Engineers

2/1st Lowland Field Company RE

2/2nd Lowland Field Company RE

1/2nd Lowland Field Company RE

Signal Service

52nd Divisional Signal Company

ASC

52nd Divisional Train

Medical Units

1/1st, 1/2nd and 1/3rd Lowland Field Ambulances

1st Dismounted Brigade (attached) GOC Temp Brigadier General Marquess of Tullibardine

1/1st Scottish Horse

1/2nd Scottish Horse

1/3rd Scottish Horse

1/1st Ayr Yeomanry

1/1st Lanark Yeomanry

Machine Gun Company

1st Dismounted Brigade Signal Troop

1/1st Scottish and 1/1st Lowland Mounted Brigade Field Ambulances

Western Frontier Force GOC Major General W. E. Peyton

Force Troops

Mounted Troops

6th Mounted Brigade

1/1st Buckinghamshire Yeomanry

1/1st Berkshire Yeomanry

1/1st Dorsetshire Yeomanry

1/2nd South Midland Field Troop Signal [sic]

No. 6 Field Troop

1/2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

1/2nd County of London Yeomanry (attached)

Royal Flying Corps

No. 17 Squadron

Artillery

1/1st Berkshire Battery RHA

1/1st Nottinghamshire Battery RHA

Infantry

1st Battalion British West Indies Regiment

2nd Battalion British West Indies Regiment

3rd Battalion British West Indies Regiment

Signal Service

2nd Mounted Divisional Signal Squadron

No. 42 Airline Section

UU Cable Section

No. 6 Pack Wireless Section

North Western Section GOC etc Headquarters 53rd Division

53rd (Welsh) Division GOC Colonel (temp. Major General) A. G. Dallas

158th (North Wales) Brigade

1/5th Royal Welch Fusiliers

1/6th Royal Welch Fusiliers

1/7th Royal Welch Fusiliers

1/1st Herefordshire Regiment

158th Brigade Machine Gun Company

159th (Cheshire) Brigade

1/4th Cheshire Regiment

1/7th Cheshire Regiment

1/4th Welch Regiment

1/5th Welch Regiment

159th Brigade Machine Gun Company

160th (Welsh Border) Brigade

1/4th Royal Sussex Regiment

2/4th Royal West Surrey Regiment

2/4th Royal West Kent Regiment

2/10th Middlesex Regiment

160th Brigade Machine Gun Company

Divisional Troops

Mounted Troops

1 Squadron 1/1st Hertfordshire Yeomanry

53rd Divisional Cyclist Company

Artillery

1/1st Cheshire Brigade RFA

1/1st Welsh Brigade RFA

1/2nd Welsh Brigade RFA

1/4th Welsh Brigade RFA

53rd Divisional Ammunition Column (one officer and 35 other ranks)

Engineers

1/1st Welsh Field Company RE

2/1st Welsh Field Company RE

2/1st Cheshire Field Company RE

Signal Service

53rd Divisional Signal Company

ASC

53rd Divisional Train

Medical Units

1/1st, 1/2nd and 1/3rd Welsh Field Ambulances

4th Dismounted Brigade (attached) GOC Temp Brigadier General John Stewart-Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine

1/1st Shropshire Yeomanry

1/1st Denbighshire Yeomanry

1/1st Cheshire Yeomanry

1/1st Glamorgan Yeomanry

1/1st Montgomeryshire Yeomanry

1/1st Pembrokeshire Yeomanry

Machine Gun Company

4th Dismounted Brigade Signal Troop

1/1st Welsh Border and 1/1st South Wales Mounted Brigade Field Ambulances

22nd Mounted Brigade

1/1st Lincolnshire Yeomanry

1/1st Staffordshire Yeomanry

1/1st East Riding Yeomanry

Signal Troop

Mounted Brigade, ASC

Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance

Provisional Infantry Brigade (less Headquarters)

1/6th Royal Scots

2/5th Devonshire Regiment

2/7th Middlesex Regiment

2/8th Middlesex Regiment

2nd Garrison battalion, Liverpool Regiment

2 Naval 4-inch guns

1/2nd Kent Field Company RE

17th Motor Machine Gun Battery No. 1 Armoured Train

South Western Section GOC Colonel (temp Brigadier General) H. W. Hodgson

Mounted Troops

1st Australian Light Horse Brigade (see above)

1 squadron Egyptian Army Cavalry

Infantry

2nd Garrison Battalion Cheshire Regiment

1 Company and Machine Gun Section Egyptian Army

Signal Service

Detachment 2nd Mounted Divisional Signal Squadron

Emergency Squadron, Royal Naval Armoured Car Division

H.Q. and Nos. 1, 2, 3 Light Armoured Motor Batteries

No. 2 Armoured Train

General Headquarters Troops

Mounted Troops

Imperial Camel Corps

Birkanir Camel Corps

Royal Flying Corps

5th Wing Royal Flying Corps

No. 14 Squadron RFC

No. 17 Squadron RFC (with Western Force)

2 Kite Balloon Sections (Naval)

Artillery

Heavy Artillery

XX Brigade Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA)

10th, 15th 91st Heavy Batteries RGA

1 Heavy Battery and 1 Section Heavy Battery, Royal Marine Artillery

Stokes Gun Batteries

125th, 126th, 161st, 162nd Brigade Batteries

Anti-Aircraft Artillery

Nos. 30 and 38 Anti-Aircraft Sections

Mountain Artillery

4th Highland Mountain Battery RGA

Armoured Cars

Nos 11 and 12 Armoured Motor Batteries

Engineers

11th, 116, 276th Railway Companies RE

Signal Service

GHQ Signal Company

Nos 14 and 15 Airline Sections,

NA, NB and VV Cable Sections

Unallotted

Southern Motor, W/T Station

No. 5 Pack Wireless Section

ASC

338th, 493rd, 619th Mechanical Transport Companies ASC

Transport

Camel Transport Corps

59th, 62nd, 70th, 191st Camel Corps

Lines of Communication Defence Troops

Mounted Troops

Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade

Mysore Lancers

1st Hyderabad Lancers

Kathiwar Signal Troop

124th Indian Cavalry Field Ambulance

Infantry

1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment

2nd Garrison Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers

1st Garrison Battalion, Devonshire Regiment

1st Garrison Battalion, Royal Scots (less two companies)

1st Garrison Battalion, Liverpool Regiment

1st Garrison Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment

19th Garrison Battalion, Rifle Brigade

20th Garrison Battalion, Rifle Brigade

21st Garrison Battalion, Rifle Brigade

22nd Garrison Battalion, Rifle Brigade

1st Garrison Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment (Khartoum)

Alexandria District

Coast Defence Artillery

84th Siege Battery RGA

92nd Company RGA, Mex Battery

Ras el Tin Battery

Silsileh Battery

"Y" Battery Royal Malta Artillery

and Lines of Communications units of Infantry, Signal Service, Engineers, ASC, Medical Units, Ordnance Units, Veterinary Units and Postal Units.^[17]

Distribution, 27 July

Eastern Frontier No. 1 Section

8th Mounted Brigade

54th (East Anglian) Division (less 163rd Brigade)

20th Indian Brigade

29th Indian Brigade

No. 2 Section

3rd Light Horse Brigade

160th (Welsh Border) Brigade (53rd Division)

163rd (Norfolk and Suffolk) Brigade (54th Division)

British West Indies Brigade

No. 2a Section

42nd (East Lancashire) Division

No. 3 Section

Anzac Mounted Division

5th Mounted Brigade

52nd (Lowland) Division

158th Brigade (53rd Division)

1st Dismounted Brigade

Western Frontier

6th Mounted Brigade

22nd Mounted Brigade

Part 53rd Division

2nd Dismounted Brigade

4th Dismounted Brigade^[18]

No. 3 Section Canal Defences August

Eastern Frontier Force

October 1916

Eastern Frontier Force, also known as Eastern Force, was formed in Cairo on 18 October 1916 with headquarters at Ismailia. The force was commanded by Lieutenant General C. M. Dobell, who had previously commanded Western Frontier Force.^[21] Eastern Force consisted of

52nd (Lowland) Division

155th (South Scottish) Brigade

156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade

157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade

53rd (Welsh) Division

158th (North Wales) Brigade

159th (Cheshire) Brigade

160th (Welsh Border) Brigade

54th (East Anglian) Division

161st (Essex) Brigade

162nd (East Midland) Brigade

163rd (Norfolk and Suffolk) Brigade

Anzac Mounted Division

1st Australian Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

4th Light Horse Regiment (attached)

2nd Australian Light Horse Brigade

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment (attached)

3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade (commander Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. M. Antill)

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment (attached)

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment

Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment

Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment

Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment (less one squadron attached)

4 Territorial Royal Horse Artillery Batteries 2 Scottish and 2 English (Ayrshire, Inverness-shire, Somerset and Leicestershire Batteries)

5th Mounted Brigade

Gloucestershire Hussars

Warwickshire Yeomanry

Worcestershire Yeomanry

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade

2 Light Car Patrols

No. 1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps^[22]^[23]^[24]

Western Frontier Force

Main article: Western Frontier Force

October 1916 to February 1917

Western Desert Force (Major General William Watson)

Egyptian Army troops Darfur

Sollum Recapture (Major General W. E. Peyton)

Siwa Raid (General H. W. Hodgson)

1st Light Horse Brigade

Imperial Camel Corps

Bikanir Camel Corps

Armoured Car Brigade (11 Rolls–Royces)

6 Light Car Patrols (Model T Fords armed with Lewis guns)^[25]^[26]^[27]

Order of battle 23 December

Main article: Battle of Magdhaba

Anzac Mounted Division (Major General Chauvel)

1st Light Horse Brigade

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Brigade

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (Brigadier General E. W. C. Chaytor)

Auckland Mounted Rifle Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel C. E. R. Mackesy)

Canterbury Mounted Rifle Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel J. Findlay)

Wellington Mounted Rifle Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel W. Meldrum)

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade

Hong Kong & Singapore Mountain Battery,

Inverness-shire and Somerset Batteries Royal Horse Artillery

No. 1 Squadron Australian Flying Corps

No. 14 Squadron Royal Flying Corps^[28]^[29]^[30]

Desert Column December

Desert Column Headquarters El Arish (Lieutenant General Sir Philip Chetwode)

42nd (East Lancashire) Division

125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade

126th (East Lancashire) Brigade

127th (Manchester) Brigade

52nd (Lowland) Division (Major General W. E. B. Smith)

155th (South Scottish) Brigade

156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade

157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade

Anzac Mounted Division (Major General H. G. Chauvel)

1st Light Horse Brigade

2nd Light Horse Brigade

3rd Light Horse Brigade

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade

^[31] ^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]

Royal Flying Corps 5th Wing stationed at Mustabig (Lieutenant Colonel W. G. H. Salmond)

No. 14 (British) Squadron

(No. 17 Squadron)

No. 1 Squadron Australian Flying Corps / No. 67 (Australian) Squadron^[29]

1917

Royal Flying Corps in Egypt in January 1917

Headquarters Middle East Brigade

5th Wing

No. 14 Squadron Royal Flying Corps

No. 67 Squadron Royal Flying Corps

20th Reserve Wing

Nos. 21, 22, 23, 57 and 58 Reserve Squadrons

No. 3 School of Military Aeronautics.^[36]

By January 1917 there were three smaller commands directly under GHQ EEF.

Western Force

Bikanir Camel Corps

230th Brigade

231st Brigade

Detachments R.A., dismounted (seven 15-pdr. guns, two 9-pdr. Krupp guns, two Naval 4-in. guns)

5 Armoured Motor Batteries

6 Light Car Patrols (Ford)

Motor Machine Gun Battery

1 Garrison Battalion

Alexandria District

103rd Local Company RGA

5th Battalion British West Indies Regiment^[37]^{[Note 2]}

2 Garrison Battalions

Delta District

2nd Battalion North Lancs Regiment (from East Africa)

1/4th Battalion Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry (from Aden)

5 Garrison Battalions

With the front line approaching Gaza, the defence of the Suez Canal was still part of Eastern Force but had been reduced to:

Northern Section Suez Canal

20th Indian Brigade

1st Battalion British West Indies Regiment

2nd Battalion British West Indies Regiment

3 Garrison Battalions

Southern Section Suez Canal

Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade

2 Companies Imperial Camel Corps

267th Brigade RFA (53rd Division)

272nd Brigade RFA (54th Division)

229th Brigade (to form part of the 74th Division).^[37]

Order of Battle 9 January

Order of Battle March

Organization in April 1917

General Headquarters

General Headquarters Troops

Southern Canal Section

Cyprus Detachment

Eastern Force

Force Troops

Desert Column

Northern Canal Section

Delta and Western Force

Alexandria District

1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment at Khartoum^[54]

Order of Battle April

Expansion of Desert Column June 1917

Desert Column was expanded to three divisions, commanded by Chauvel –

Anzac Mounted Division commanded by Major General Chaytor

1st Light Horse Brigade

2nd Light Horse Brigade

New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade

18th Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (18 pounder guns)

Australian Mounted Division commanded by Major General Hodgson

3rd Light Horse Brigade

4th Light Horse Brigade

5th Mounted Brigade

19th Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (18 pounder guns)

Yeomanry Mounted Division commanded by Major General G. de S. Barrow

6th Mounted Brigade

8th Mounted Brigade (recently arrived from Salonika)

22nd Mounted Brigade (recently arrived from Salonika)

20th Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (13 pounder guns)

Army Troops

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade

7th Yeomanry Brigade (two regiments)

an unidentified battery.^[56]

At the end of June 1917 General Allenby took command. At that time the Egyptian Expeditionary Force consisted of the British XX Corps and the British XXI Corps, under the command of Lieutenant Generals Philip Chetwode and Edward Stanislaus Bulfin, respectively, along with the Desert Mounted Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Harry Chauvel. The air component was the Palestine Brigade of the Royal Flying Corps (later the Royal Air Force) and the Australian Flying Corps.

Order of Battle October

Main articles: Third Battle of Gaza, Battle of Beersheba (1917), Battle of Mughar Ridge, and Battle of Jerusalem (1917)

The commander of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, General Sir Edmund Allenby entering the Holy City of Jerusalem on foot December 1917

British troops on parade at Jaffa Gate in December 1917 after the capture and occupation of Palestine.

XX Corps (Lieutenant General Sir R.W. Chetwode, Bart.)

10th (Irish) Division (Major General J.R. Longley)^{[Note 4]}

29th Brigade

30th Brigade

31st Brigade

53rd (Welsh) Division (Major General S.F. Mott)

158th (North Wales) Brigade

159th (Cheshire) Brigade

160th (Welsh Border) Brigade

60th (2/2nd London) Division (Major General J.S.M. Shea)

179th (2/4th London) Brigade

180th (2/5th London) Brigade

181st (2/6th London) Brigade

74th (Yeomanry) Division (Major General E.S. Girdwood)

229th Brigade

230th Brigade

231st Brigade

Corps Cavalry Regiment – 1/2nd County of London Yeomanry

Corps Artillery – 96th Heavy Artillery Group

XXI Corps (Lieutenant General Sir E.S. Bulfin)

52nd (Lowland) Division (Major General J. Hill)

155th (South Scottish) Brigade

156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade

157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade

54th (East Anglian) Division (Major General S.W. Hare)

161st (Essex) Brigade

162nd (East Midland) Brigade

163rd (Norfolk and Suffolk) Brigade

75th Division(Major General P.C. Palin)

232nd Brigade

233rd Brigade

234th Brigade

Corps Cavalry Regiment – Composite Yeomanry Regt.

Corps Artillery – 97th, 100th, 102nd Heavy Artillery Groups

20th Indian Brigade (Brigadier General H.D. Watson)

Desert Mounted Corps (Lieutenant General Sir H. Chauvel)

Anzac Mounted Division (Major General E.W.C. Chaytor)

1st Light Horse Brigage (Brigadier General C. F. Cox)

1st, 2nd and 3rd Australian Light Horse Regiments

2nd Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General G. de L. Ryrie)

5th, 6th and 7th Australian Light Horse Regiments

New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade (Brigadier General W. Meldrum)

Auckland, Canterbury and Wellington Mounted Rifle Regiments

18th Brigade RHA (Inverness-shire, Ayrshire and Somerset Batteries) of 13–pounder guns and Divisional Ammunition Column

Australian Mounted Division (Major General Henry W. Hodgson)

3rd Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General L. C. Wilson)

8th, 9th and 10th Australian Light Horse Regiments

4th Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General W. Grant)

4th, 11th and 12th Australian Light Horse Regiments

5th Mounted Brigade (Brigadier Generals Percy Desmond FitzGerald/P. J. V. Kelly)

Gloucestershire Husssars, Warwickshire and Worcestershire Yeomanry Regiments

19th Brigade RHA (A and B Batteries Honourable Artillery Company and Notts Battery RHA) of 13–pounder guns and Divisional Ammunition Column

Yeomanry Mounted Division (Major General G. de S. Barrow)

6th Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General C. A. C. Godwin)

Dorset, Bucks and Berks Yeomanry Regiments

8th Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General C. S. Rome)

1st City of London and 1st and 3rd County of London Yeomanry Regiments

22nd Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General P. D. FitzGerald)

Stafford, Lincoln and East Riding Yeomanry Regiments

20th Brigade RHA (Berkshire, Hampshire and Leicestershire Batteries) of 13–pounder guns and Divisional Ammunition Column

Corps Reserve

7th Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General J. T. Wigan)

Sherwood Rangers, South Notts and Herts Yeomanry Regiments with the Essex Battery RHA and Brigade Ammunition Column

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (Brigadier General C. L. Smith)

2nd (British) Battalion

3rd (Australian and New Zealand) Battalion

4th (Australian and New Zealand) Battalion

Hong Kong and Singapore Camel Battery RGA.^[52]^[57]^[58]^{[Note 5]}

British 18-pounders as used until September 1917

On establishment in 1916 and 1917, the first two mounted divisions had been supplied with 18–pounder artillery guns. In September 1917 these guns were replaced with 13-pounders, making the divisions "even more capable", according to Erickson.^[56]^[58]^[59]

HAC 13-pounders in March 1918

General Headquarters Troops

Army Cavalry

Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade (Major (temp. Brigadier General) M. H. Henderson)

Jodhpur Lancers

Mysore Lancers

1st Hyderabad Lancers

Kathiwar Signal Troop

124th Indian Cavalry Field Ambulance.^[60]

Royal Flying Corps, Middle East (Brigadier General W. G. H. Salmond to 5 November then Brigadier General W. S. Brancker to 3 January 1918 when Salmond returned)

Palestine Brigade (composite Royal Flying Corps RFC and Australian Flying Corps (AFC) (Lieutenant Colonel A. E. Borton) operational from 27 October to 7 November 1917)

5th (Artillery Corps) Wing at Deir el Belah

No. 14 Squadron RFC at Deir el Belah and allotted to XXI Corps

No. 113 Squadron RFC at Sheikh Nuran (2 flights allotted to XX Corps; 1 flight to Desert Mounted Corps)^{[Note 6]}

No. 21 Kite Balloon Company^{[Note 7]} consisting of –

No. 49 Kite Balloon Section at Sheikh Shabasi

No. 50 Kite Balloon Section at Wadi Ghuzze.

40th (Army) Wing Headquarters at Deir el Belah

No. 11 Squadron RFC at Deir el Belah

No. 67 Squadron (No. 1 Squadron Australian Flying Corps) at Shiekh Nuran. (A special squadron was formed from the 20th Training Wing at Aboukir on 24 October for duty at Nuran under the direct orders of the Palestine Brigade for operations consisting of bombing raids on enemy camps, dumps, trench works and battery positions.)

Aircraft Park – "X" Aircraft Park at Abbassia with an advanced stores section at Kantara was responsible for the supplies to the RFC in Palestine.^[57]^[61]

Also in General Headquarters Troops were the

VIII Mountain Brigade RGA (10th and 11th Batteries of 3.7inch howitzers)

IX Mountain Brigade RGA of "A" and "B" Batteries of 2.75 inch howitzers and the 12th Battery of 3.7 inch howitzers.^[61]^{[Note 8]}

1918

The force initially consisted mostly of British and Egyptian troops, but most of the former were sent to the Western Front in early 1918 to help repel Germany's Spring Offensive. In the meantime, new troops were then dispatched from India, Australia, and New Zealand, in particular who made up a large portion of the army. Though it was feared that mostly Muslim Indian troops might desert and join Ottoman Empire forces in the region (who had declared a jihad against the Allies early in the war), this fear proved unfounded, as the Indians fought valiantly on the front lines of most of the army's major engagements. The force also included a small contingent of French and Italian troops. The forces of the Arab Revolt, led by Prince Feisal of Mecca, were also unofficially attached during Allenby's Damascus offensive.

The force also included contingents of Armenian soldiers

The force's role evolved from a defense of Egypt to the invasion of Palestine which involved: the capture of Beersheba and Gaza in October–November 1917 (see Third Battle of Gaza), entering Jerusalem on December 11, 1917, and Allenby's successful campaign of 1918, resulting in the defeat of the Turks at Megiddo, and the capture of Damascus, Beirut, and Aleppo. The force's successes ultimately led to Turkey's exit from the war and the creation of the British Mandate of Palestine.

The Palestine Brigade RAF was reorganised at the end of 1917 or during the summer of 1918, as follows:

5th (Corps) Wing

No. 14 Squadron RAF

No. 113 Squadron RAF

No. 142 Squadron RAF

40th (Army) Wing

No. 111 Squadron RAF

No. 144 Squadron RAF

No. 145 Squadron RAF

No. 1 Squadron AFC

No. 21 Balloon Company

Nos 49, 50, 57 Balloon Section^[62]

Deployment, 9 February

Main article: Capture of Jericho

General Headquarters at Bir Salem

7th Mounted Brigade at Deir el Belah

Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade at Herbieh

Imperial Camel Brigade at Rafa

20th Indian Brigade at Gaza

Desert Mounted Corps at Kh. Deiran

Anzac Mounted Division at Richon le Zion (Ayun Kara)

Australian Mounted Division at Deir el Belah

Yeomanry Mounted Division at Deir el Belah

XX Corps at Mount of Olives

10th (Irish) Division at O99, P.20.d. place not named.

53rd (Welsh) Division at Ram Allah

60th (London) Division at Jerusalem

74th (Yeomanry) Division at Latron

XXI Corps at Jaffa

52nd (Lowland) Division at Jaffa and Sarona

54th (East Anglian) Division at Wilhelma

75th Division at Ramleh.^[63]

Shea's Force March

Main article: First Transjordan attack on Amman

60th (London) Division

Anzac Mounted Division

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade including the Hong Kong and Singapore Mountain Battery, with four BL 2.75 inch Mountain Guns, (firing 12-pounder shells) :the 10th Heavy Battery Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA)

one Light Armoured Car Brigade

Army Bridging Train

Desert Mounted Corps Bridging Train and pontoon units.^[64]^[65]^[66]^[67]^{[Note 9]}

Order of Battle April

Main article: Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt

Desert Mounted Corps (GOC Lieutenant General H. G. Chauvel)

60th (London) Division commanded by Major General John Shea (less the 181st Brigade in reserve on the XXth Corps front)

179th Brigade (Brigadier General FitzJ. M. Edwards)

2/13th London Regiment

2/14th London Regiment

2/15th London Regiment

2/16th London Regiment

180th Brigade (Brigadier General C. F. Watson)

2/17th London Regiment

2/18th London Regiment

2/19th London Regiment

2/20th London Regiment

Artillery 301st, 302nd, 303rd Brigades RFA

20th Indian Brigade (Brigadier General E. R. B. Murray)

Alwar Infantry (I.S.)

Patiala Infantry (I.S.)

Gwalior Infantry (I.S.)

110th Mahratta L. I. Regiment

Anzac Mounted Division (GOC Major General E. W. C. Chaytor)

2nd Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General G. de L. Ryrie)

5th Light Horse Regiment

6th Light Horse Regiment

7th Light Horse Regiment

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade (Brigiadier General W. Meldrum)

Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment

Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment

Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment

Divisional Artillery XVIII Brigade RHA (Inverness-shire, Ayrshire and Somerset Batteries)

Australian Mounted Divisions (GOC Major General H. W. Hodgson)

1st Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General C. F. Cox) (Anzac Mounted Division)

1st Light Horse Regiment

2nd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Regiment

3rd Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General L. C. Wilson)

8th Light Horse Regiment

9th Light Horse Regiment

10th Light Horse Regiment

4th Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General W. Grant)

4th Light Horse Regiment

11th Light Horse Regiment

12th Light Horse Regiment

5th Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General P. J. V. Kelly)

1/1st Gloucester Yeomanry Regiment

1/1st Worcester Yeomanry Regiment

1/1st Sherwood Rangers Regiment (7th Mounted Yeomanry Brigade)

Divisional Artillery XIX Brigade RHA (Notts. Battery RHA, "A" and "B: Batteries HAC with Hong Kong Mountain Battery attached)

1/1st Dorset Yeomanry Regiment (6th Mounted Yeomanry Brigade)

1/1st County of London (Middlesex) Yeomanry Regiment (8th Mounted Yeomanry Brigade)

Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade

Jodhpur Lancers

Mysore Lancers

Hyderabad Lancers

11th and 12th Light Armoured Motor Batteries [LAMB] (Machine Gun Corps)

West of the Jordan

Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (Brigadier General C. L. Smith)

2nd (British) Battalion

3rd (Australian) Battalion

4th (ANZAC) Battalion

Artillery Singapore Mountain Battery less Hong Kong Mountain Battery

22nd Mounted Brigade (Brigadier General F. A. B. Fryer/Brigadier General P. D. FitzGerald)

1/1st Lincolnshire Yeomanry Regiment

1/1st Staffordshire Yeomanry Regiment

1/1st East Riding Yeomanry Regiment^[68]

Order of Battle 19 September

Main articles: Battle of Megiddo (1918), Battle of Sharon, and Battle of Nablus (1918)

XX Corps (Lieutenant General Sir P. Chetwode)

53rd (Welsh) Division (Major General S. F. Mott)

158th Brigade (Brigadier General H. A. Vernon)

5/6th R. Welsh Fus., 4/11th Gurkhas, 3/153rd and 154th Indian Inf.

159th Brigade (Brigadier General N. Money)

4/5th Welsh Regt., 3/152nd, 1/153rd and 2/153rd Indian Inf.

160th Brigade (Brigadier General V. L. N. Pearson)

1/7th R. Welsh Fus., 1/17th Indian Inf., 1/21st Punjabis, 1st Cape Corps

265th, 266th, 267th Brigades RFA each with three batteries of twelve 18-pdrs. and four 4.5-inch hows.

39th Indian Mountain Battery

Troop Corps Cavalry Regiment (1/1st Worcester Yeomanry)

10th (Irish) Division (Major General J. R. Longley)

29th Brigade (Brigadier General C.L. Smith)

1st Leinsters, 1/101st Grenadiers, 1/54th Sikhs, 2/151st Infantry

30th Brigade (Brigadier General F. A. Greer)

1st Royal Irish Regt., 1st Kashmir I.S. Rifles, 38th Dogras, 46th Punjabis

31st Brigade (Brigadier General E. M. Morris)

2nd Royal Irish Fus., 2/101st Grenadiers, 74th Punjabis, 2/42nd Deolis

67th, 68th, 263rd Brigades RFA (67th and 68th Brigades with three batteries of twelve 18-pdrs. and four 4.5-inch hows.; 263rd Brigade with six 18-pdrs. and four 4.5-inch hows.)

Hong Kong and Singapore Mountain Battery

"Watson's Force" (holding centre of XX Corps' Front)

Corps Cavalry Regiment (1/1 Worcester Yeomanry)

Pioneer Battalions (2/155th and 1/155th) of 10th and 53rd Divisions

Corps Reinforcement Detachment (700 strong)

XX Corps Heavy Artillery

For support of 53rd Division

103rd Brigade RGA

R. Section 10th Heavy Battery

L. Section 10th Heavy Battery

205th Siege Battery

387th Siege Battery (less 1 gun)

392nd Siege Battery

For support of 10th Division

421st Siege Battery

397th Siege Battery (1 gun)

2 captured 15 cm hows.

2 captured 105 mm hows

3 captured 75 mm hows.

XXI Corps (Lieutenant General Sir E. Bulfin)

3rd (Lahore) Division (Major General A.R. Hoskins)

7th Brigade (Brigadier General S. R. Davidson)

1st Connaught Rngrs, 2/7th Gurkha Rifles, 27th and 91st Punjabis

8th Brigade (Brigadier General S. M. Edwardes)

1st Manchester Regt., 27th Sikhs, 59th Scinde Rifles, 2/124th Baluchistan Infantry

9th Brigade (Brigadier General C. C. Luard)

2nd Dorsets, 1/1st Gurkha Rifles, 93rd Infantry, 105th Mahratta Light Infantry

4th, 8th, 53rd Brigades RFA, each with twelve 18-pdrs. and four 4.5-inch hows.

7th (Meerut) Division (Major General Sir V. B. Fane)

19th Brigade (Brigadier General G. S. Weir)

1st Seaforth Highrs., 28th and 92nd Punjabis, 125th Napier's Rifles

21st Brigade (Brigadier General A. G. Kemball)

2nd Black Watch, 1st Guides Infantry, 20th Punjabis, 1/8th Gurkha Rifles

28th Brigade (Brigadier General C. H Davies)

2nd Leicesters, 51st and 53rd Sikhs, 56th Punjabi Rifles

261st, 262nd, 264th Brigades RFA, each with twelve 18-pds and four 4.5-inch hows.

54th (East Anglian) Division (Major General S. W. Hare)

161st (Essex) Brigade (Brigadier General A. B. Orpen Palmer)

1/4th, 1/5th, 1/6th and 1/7th Essex

162nd (East Midland) Brigade (Brigadier General A. Mudge)

1/5th Bedford, 1/4th Nothampton, 1/10th and 1/11th London

163rd (Norfolk and Suffolk) Brigade (Brigadier General A. J. MacNeill)

1/4th, 1/5th Norfolk, 1/5th Suffolk, 1/8th Hampshire

270th, 271st, 272nd Brigades RFA, each with twelve 18-pds and four 4.5-inch hows.

60th (London) Division (Major General Sir J. S. M. Shea)

179th Brigade (Brigadier General E. T. Humphreys)

2/13th London, 3/151st Infantry, 2/19th Punjabis, 2/137th Baluchis

180th Brigade (Brigadier General C. F. Watson)

2/19th London, 2nd Guides, 2/30th Punjabis, 1/50th Kumoan Rifles

181st Brigade (Brigadier General E. C. da Costa)

2/22nd London, 130th Baluchis, 2/97th Deccan Inf., 2/152nd Infantry.^[69]^[70]

75th Division (Major General P. C. Palin)

232nd Brigade (Brigadier General H. J. Huddleston)

1/4th Wilts, 72nd Punjabis, 2/3rd Gurkhas, 3rd Kashmir I.S. Infantry

233rd Brigade (Brigadier General E. M. Colston)

1/5th Somerset Light Infantry, 29th Punjabis, 3/3rd Gurkhas, 2/154th Infantry

234th Brigade (Brigadier General C. A. H. Maclean)

1/4th D.C.L.I., 123rd Outram Rifles, 58th Vaughan's Rifles, 1/152nd Infantry.^[71]^[72]^[73]

301st, 302nd 303rd Brigades RFA, each with twelve 18-pdrs. and four 4.5- hows.

5th Light Horse Brigade (under orders of 60th Division)

French Palestine Contingent (4 Bns and 3 Btys)^[71]^[74]

Corps mounted troops (Composite Yeomanry Regiment)

XXI Corps Heavy Artillery

Sub-Group under the Right Group

4.7-inch Battery RGA

300 SB, RGA 6-inch Section

334 SB, RGA, One Section

Right Group

100th Brigade, RGA, Headquarters –

15th HB, RGA

134 SB, RGA

334 SB, RGA One Section

43 SB, RGA "Bessie"

Right Centre Group

95th Brigade, RGA Headquarters –

181 HB, RGA

304 SB, RGA

314 SB, RGA

383 SB, RGA

422 SB, RGA

5.9-inch Hows. Section.

Left Centre Group

102nd Brigade, RGA Headquarters –

91 HB, RGA

209 SB, RGA

380 SB, RGA

440 SB, RGA

300 SB, RGA 8 inch Section

43 SB, RGA "Lizzie"

Left Group

96th Brigade, RGA Headquarters –

189 HB, RGA

202 HB, RGA

378 SB, RGA

394 SB, RGA

Generally –

The Sub-Group was in support of the French
The Right Group was in support of the 54th Division
The Right Centre Group was in support of the 3rd (Lahore) Division
The Left Centre Group was in support of the 75th Division
The Left Group was in support of the 60th Division.^[75]

Desert Mounted Corps (Lieutenant General Sir H. Chauvel)

4th Cavalry Division (Major General Sir G. de S. Barrow)

10th Cavalry Brigade (Brigadier General Wilfrith Gerald Key Green/Richard Howard-Vyse)

1/1 Dorset Yeomanry (ex 6th Mounted Brigade), 2nd Lancers, 38th Central India Horse (38th King George's Own Central India Horse)

11th Cavalry Brigade (Brigadier General Charles Levinge Gregory)

1/1st County of London Yeomanry (ex 8th Mounted Brigade), 29th Lancers, 36th Jacob's Horse

12th Cavalry Brigade (Brigadier General J. T. Wigan)

1/1Stafford Yeomanry (ex 22nd Mounted Brigade), 6th Cavalry, 19th Lancers

20th Brigade RHA and Divisional Ammunition Column

12th LAM Battery

No. 7 Light Car Patrol

5th Cavalry Division (Major General H. J. M. MacAndrew)

13th Cavalry Brigade (Brigadier General Philip James Vandeleur Kelly)

1/1 Gloucester Yeomanry (ex 5th Mounted Brigade), 9th Hodson's Horse, 18th Lancers

14th Cavalry Brigade (Brigadier General Goland Vanhalt Clarke)

1/1 Sherwood Rangers Yeomanry (ex 7th Mounted Brigade), 20th Deccan Horse, 34th Poona Horse

15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade (Brigadier General Cyril Rodney Harbord)

Jodhpur, Mysore and 1st Hyderabad Lancers [Regiments] (These regiments were all maintained by the Ruling Princes of their respective States in India.)

'B' Battery HAC and Essex Battery RHA with Divisional Ammunition Column

11th LAM Battery

No. 1 Light Car Patrol.^[76]^[77]

Australian Mounted Division (Major General H. W. Hodgson)

3rd Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General L. C. Wilson)

8th, 9th, 10th Australian Light Horse Regiments

4th Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General W. Grant)

4th, 11th 12th Light Horse Regiments^[78]

5th Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General C. Macarthur Onslow) (attached XXI Corps till 22 September)

14th, 15th Light Horse Regiments (ex Imperial Camel Corps Brigade)

16th Regiment Mixte de Marche de Palestine et Syrie (French Régiment Mixte de Cavalerie)

French Chasseurs d'Afrique (2 squadrons)

Spahis (1 squadron).^[79]^[80]^[81]

19th Brigade RHA.^[82]

Chaytor's Force (Major General E.W.C. Chaytor)

20th Indian Brigade

Four Indian Battalions

1st Battalion British West Indies Regiment

2nd Battalion British West Indies Regiment

38th Battalion Royal Fusiliers (Jewish Battalion)

39th Battalion Royal Fusiliers (Jewish Battalion)^[71]^[83]^[84]^[85]

Anzac Mounted Division (Major General E.W.C. Chaytor)

1st Light Horse Brigage (Brigadier General C. F. Cox)

1st, 2nd and 3rd Light Horse Regiments

2nd Light Horse Brigade (Brigadier General G. de L. Ryrie)

5th, 6th and 7th Light Horse Regiments

New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade (Brigadier General W. Meldrum)

Auckland, Canterbury and Wellington Mounted Rifle Regiments

18th Brigade RHA (Inverness-shire, Ayrshire and Somerset Batteries) and Divisional Ammunition Column^[86]

A/263 Battery RFA

195th Heavy Battery RGA

29th and 32nd Indian Mountain Batteries

No. 6 (Medium) Trench Mortar Battery

3 anti–aircraft sections RA

Detachment No. 35 AT Company RE.^[87]

Notes

↑ The names of the infantry divisions, brigades and battalions and some other units have, in many cases, been changed so they no longer reflect the names of these units as they appear in the sources quoted. Additional names of units have been added without citation.
↑ This could be the 3rd Battalion mentioned in Falls EEF April 1916 order of battle. [Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 389] However in his EEF April 1917 order of battle he again mentions only the 1st 2nd and 5th Battalions. [Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 402, 404]
↑ The third brigades of 53rd and 54th Divisions were in the Suez Canal Defences with 1st Light Horse Brigade about Bir el Abd, Mazar and Bardawil patrolling the pipeline until moving to El Arish on 20 March. And only four guns of each 18–pounder battery of the 53rd and 54th Divisions, and one section of each heavy battery were brought across the Sinai Peninsula. The guns left behind formed part of the Suez Canal Defences. [Wavell 1968, p. 94, 1st Light Horse Brigade War Diary March 1917 AWM4-10-1-32]
↑ Nominally Army Troops. [Keogh 1955 p. 135]
↑ Keogh notes the 7th Mounted Brigade had only two regiments. He places six squadrons of Indian Imperial Service troops, one West Indies battalion, French and Italian contingents in Army Troops, totalling 3,000. He also places the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade in Desert Mounted Corps. [Keogh 1955 p. 135]
↑ Shown as No. 113 Squadron in Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 666
↑ Shown as part of the 40th Wing by Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 666
↑ The 7th Mounted Brigade and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade had been attached to Desert Mounted Corps and the 10th Division attached to the XX Corps. [Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 666]
↑ Blenkinsop refers to the 60th Indian Division but the Londoners did not leave for the Western Front until after the Second Transjordan attack.

References

↑ Bruce 2002, p. 34
↑ Keogh 1955, p. 32
↑ Wavell 1968, p. 41
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 69–204
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 242–350
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 351–372, Vol. 2 pp. 1–43
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 44–647
1 2 Keogh 1955, p. 34
1 2 Powles 1922, pp. 12, 29–35, 278–9
1 2 Wavell 1968, pp. 92–3, 139–41
1 2 Woodward 2006, p. 53
↑ "Sinai and Palestine" (PDF). Australian War Memorial. p. 68. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
↑ Bruce 2002, pp. 38–9
↑ "Imperial Camel Corps". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
↑ Cutlack 1941, pp. 32
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 Appendix 2 p. 395
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 Appendix 2 pp. 380–394
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 203
↑ Bruce 2002, pp.43–4
↑ Keogh 1955, p. 53–4
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 244
↑ Wavell, 1968, p. 69
↑ Powles 1922, p. 47
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 381
↑ McGuirk 2007, pp. 260–1, 263–4
↑ Carver 2003 pp. 186–8
↑ Bowman–Manifold 1923, p. 23
↑ Anzac MD WD AWM4-1-60-10 Appendix 24 pp. 3–7
1 2 Cutlack 1941, pp. 45–9
↑ Powles 1922, pp. 48–9 Map of Magdhaba & 278-9
↑ Woodward 2003, p. 53
↑ Bou 2009, pp. 150–2
↑ Hill 1978, p. 67
↑ Kinloch 2007, pp. 57–8
↑ Powles 1922, p. 12
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 276
1 2 Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 275
↑ Bruce 2002 p. 85
↑ Cutlack 1941, pp. 45–9, 51
↑ Gullett 1941, pp. 230–1
↑ Keogh 1955, p. 77
↑ Powles 1922, p. 65
↑ Coulthard-Clark 1998, p. 123
↑ "Imperial Camel Corps". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
↑ "The 52nd (Lowland) Division in 1914–1918". Long Long Trail. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
↑ "The 54th (East Anglian) Division in 1914–1918". Long Long Trail. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
↑ "The 74th (Yeomanry) Division in 1914–1918". Long Long Trail. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
↑ "The 53rd (Welsh) Division in 1914–1918". Long Long Trail. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 pp. 390, 398
↑ Wavell 1968, pp. 92–4
↑ Powles 1922, pp. 278–9
1 2 Preston 1921, pp. 331–3
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 p. 402
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 Appendix 3 p. 407
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 1 Appendix 3 pp. 396–406, Vol. 2 Appendix 2 pp. 660–666
1 2 Keogh 1955 pp. 125–6
1 2 Wavell 1968, pp. 139–41
1 2 Erickson 2007 p. 112
↑ Powles 1922 p. 28
↑ Blenkinsop 1925 pp. 199–200
1 2 Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 666
↑ Cutlack 1941 p. 68
↑ GS, GHQ, EEF War Diary AWM4, 1-6-22 pp.18–9
↑ Woodward 2006 p. 163
↑ Blenkinsop 1925 p. 224
↑ Keogh 1955 p. 212
↑ Powles 1922 p. 202
↑ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 365, 368, 660–2, 673
↑ Wavell 1968, p. 217-8
↑ Massey 1920, pp. 339–40
1 2 3 Keogh 1955, p. 240
↑ Blenkinsop 1925, pp. 235–6
↑ Massey 1920, p. 340
↑ Wavell 1968, p. 218
↑ Wavell 1968, p. 218-9
↑ Preston 1921, pp. 331, 333–4
↑ Wavell 1968 pp. 216
↑ Preston 1921, p.332
↑ Jones 1987, pp. 146–7
↑ Preston 1921, p. 335
↑ Massey 1920, p. 338
↑ Preston 1921, p. 333
↑ Powles 1922, p. 236
↑ Wavell 1968, p. 219
↑ Massey 1920, p. 339
↑ Preston 1921, p. 331
↑ Powles 1922, p. 236

Bibliography

"General Staff General Headquarters Egyptian Expeditionary Force". Canberra: Australian War Memorial. February 1918.
"General Staff Headquarters Anzac Mounted Division War Diary". Canberra: Australian War Memorial. December 1916.
"1st Light Horse Brigade War Diary". Canberra: Australian War Memorial. March 1917.
Bowman–Manifold, M. G. E. (1923). An Outline of the Egyptian and Palestine Campaigns, 1914 to 1918 (2nd ed.). Chatham: W. & J. Mackay for The Institution of Royal Engineers. OCLC 224893679.
Bruce, Anthony (2002). The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-5432-2.
Carver, Michael, Field Marshal Lord (2003). The National Army Museum Book of The Turkish Front 1914–1918 The Campaigns at Gallipoli, in Mesopotamia and in Palestine. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-283-07347-2.
Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998). Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles. St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-611-2.
Cutlack, Frederic Morley (1941). The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. VIII (11th ed.). Canberra, ACT: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 220900299.
Falls, Cyril; Becke, A. F. (maps) (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. II. Part I. London: HMSO. OCLC 644354483.
Falls, Cyril; Becke, A. F. (maps) (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. II. Part II. London: HMSO. OCLC 256950972.
Gullett, Henry S. (1941). The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. VII (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 220900153.
Jones, Ian (1987). Australians at War: The Australian Light Horse. North Sydney: Time-Life Books (Australia). OCLC 255503233.
Keogh, E. G.; Graham, J. (1955). Suez to Aleppo. Melbourne: Directorate of Military Training by Wilkie. OCLC 220029983.
McGuirk, Russell (2007). The Sanusi's Little War: The Amazing Story of a Forgotten Conflict in the Western Desert, 1915–1917. London: Arabian Publishing. OCLC 156803398.
Massey, William T. (1920). Allenby's Final Triumph. London: Constable. OCLC 345306.
Powles, C. Guy; Wilkie, A. (1922). The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. OCLC 2959465.
Preston, R. M. P. (1921). The Desert Mounted Corps: An Account of the Cavalry Operations in Palestine and Syria 1917–1918. London: Constable. OCLC 3900439.
Wavell, Field Marshal Earl (1968) [1933]. "The Palestine Campaigns". In Sheppard, Eric William. A Short History of the British Army (4th ed.). London: Constable. OCLC 35621223.
Woodward, David R. (2006). Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2383-7.

World War I

Home fronts

Theatres

European	Balkans Western Front Eastern Front Italian Front

Middle Eastern	Gallipoli Sinai and Palestine Caucasus Persia Mesopotamia South Arabia

African	South-West East Kamerun Togoland North

Asian and Pacific	Tsingtao German New Guinea and Samoa

At sea	North Atlantic U-boat campaign Mediterranean North Sea Baltic Indian, Pacific & South Atlantic Oceans Papeete Madras Penang Cocos Coronel Falkland Islands Más a Tierra

Principal
participants
(people)

Entente powers	China French Empire Belgium British Empire Greece Italy Japan Montenegro Portugal Romania Russia Russian Empire Russian Republic Serbia United States

Central Powers	Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

Timeline

Pre-War conflicts	Scramble for Africa (1880–1914) Russo-Japanese War (1905) First Moroccan (Tangier) Crisis (1905–06) Agadir Crisis (1911) Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) French conquest of Morocco (1911–12) First Balkan War (1912–13) Second Balkan War (1913)

Prelude	Origins Sarajevo assassination Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo July Crisis

Autumn 1914	Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Cer First Battle of the Marne Siege of Tsingtao Battle of Tannenberg Battle of Galicia Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Kolubara Battle of Sarikamish Race to the Sea First Battle of Ypres

1915	Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes Second Battle of Ypres Battle of Gallipoli Second Battle of Artois Battles of the Isonzo Great Retreat Second Battle of Champagne Kosovo Offensive Siege of Kut Battle of Loos

1916	Erzurum Offensive Battle of Verdun Lake Naroch Offensive Battle of Asiago Battle of Jutland Battle of the Somme Brusilov Offensive Baranovichi Offensive Battle of Romani Monastir Offensive Battle of Transylvania

1917	Capture of Baghdad First Battle of Gaza Zimmermann Telegram Second Battle of Arras Second Battle of the Aisne Kerensky Offensive Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) Battle of Mărășești Battle of Caporetto Southern Palestine Offensive Battle of Cambrai Armistice of Erzincan

1918	Operation Faustschlag Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Spring Offensive Second Battle of the Marne Battle of Baku Hundred Days Offensive Vardar Offensive Battle of Megiddo Third Transjordan attack Meuse-Argonne Offensive Battle of Vittorio Veneto Battle of Aleppo Armistice of Salonica Armistice of Mudros Armistice of Villa Giusti Armistice with Germany

Other conflicts	Mexican Revolution (1910–20) Somaliland Campaign (1910–20) Libyan resistance movement (1911–43) Maritz Rebellion (1914–15) Zaian War (1914–21) Indo-German Conspiracy (1914–19) Senussi Campaign (1915–16) Volta-Bani War (1915–17) Easter Rising (1916) Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition (1916) Kaocen Revolt (1916–17) Russian Revolution (1917) Finnish Civil War (1918)

Post-War conflicts	Russian Civil War (1917–21) Ukrainian–Soviet War (1917–21) Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–20) Georgian–Armenian War (1918) German Revolution (1918–19) Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20) Hungarian–Romanian War (1918–19) Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19) Estonian War of Independence (1918–20) Latvian War of Independence (1918–20) Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–20) Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) Egyptian Revolution (1919) Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–19) Polish–Soviet War (1919–21) Irish War of Independence (1919–21) Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War (1919–23) Turkish–Armenian War (1920) Iraqi revolt (1920) Polish–Lithuanian War (1920) Vlora War (1920) Franco-Syrian War (1920) Soviet–Georgian War (1921) Irish Civil War (1922–23)

Aspects

Opposition	Pacifism Anti-war movement

Deployment	Schlieffen Plan (German) Plan XVII (French)

Warfare	Military engagements Naval warfare Convoy system Air warfare Cryptography Horse use Poison gas Railways Strategic bombing Technology Trench warfare Total war Christmas truce Last surviving veterans

Civilian impact Atrocities Prisoners	Casualties Economic history 1918 flu pandemic Destruction of Kalisz Rape of Belgium German occupation of Belgium German occupation of Luxembourg German occupation of northeastern France Ober Ost Ottoman people (Armenian Genocide, Assyrian genocide, Pontic Greek genocide) Blockade of Germany Women (Australia) Popular culture German prisoners of war in the United States

Agreements	Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire Sykes–Picot Agreement Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne French-Armenian Agreement Damascus Protocol Paris Peace Conference Venizelos–Tittoni agreement

Treaties	Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Lausanne Treaty of London Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of St. Germain Treaty of Sèvres Treaty of Trianon Treaty of Versailles

Consequences	Aftermath "Fourteen Points" League of Nations World War I memorials Centenary (commemorations)

Category
Portal

World War I at Wiktionary
WWI textbooks at Wikibooks
WWI quotations at Wikiquote
WWI source texts at Wikisource
WWI images & media at Commons
WWI news stories at Wikinews

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/10/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.

Egyptian Expeditionary Force

History

1916

General organisation in April 1916

Order of battle April

Distribution, 27 July

No. 3 Section Canal Defences August

Eastern Frontier Force

Western Frontier Force

Order of battle 23 December

Desert Column December

1917

Order of Battle 9 January

Order of Battle March

Organization in April 1917

Order of Battle April

Expansion of Desert Column June 1917

Order of Battle October

1918

Deployment, 9 February

Shea's Force March

Order of Battle April

Order of Battle 19 September

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography