List of Ferris wheels

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

List of Ferris wheels whose construction has been completed and which have opened to the public.

Fixed Ferris wheels

For a chronology, timeline, and list of the world's tallest wheels, see World's tallest Ferris wheels.

Fixed Ferris wheels are usually intended for permanent installation, as opposed to transportable wheels which are designed to be operated at multiple locations. Occasionally however, fixed wheels are also sometimes dismantled and relocated. Larger examples include the original Ferris Wheel, which operated at two sites in Chicago, Illinois, and a third in St. Louis, Missouri; Technocosmos/Technostar, which moved to Expoland, Osaka, after Expo '85, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, for which it was built, ended; and Cosmo Clock 21, which added 5 metres (16 ft) onto its original 107.5-metre (353 ft) height when erected for the second time at Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama, in 1999.

Name
 
Height
   m (ft)  
Completed
 
Country
 
Location
 
Coordinates
 
Remarks
 
High Roller
167.6 (550)
2014
 United States Las Vegas, Nevada 36°07′04″N 115°10′05″W / 36.117698°N 115.16815°W / 36.117698; -115.16815 (High Roller) World's tallest since 2014
Singapore Flyer
165 (541)
2008
 Singapore Marina Centre, Downtown Core 1°17′22″N 103°51′48″E / 1.289397°N 103.863231°E / 1.289397; 103.863231 (Singapore Flyer) World's tallest 2008-2014
Star of Nanchang
160 (525)
2006
 China Nanchang, Jiangxi 28°39′34″N 115°50′44″E / 28.659332°N 115.845568°E / 28.659332; 115.845568 (Star of Nanchang) World's tallest 2006-2008
London Eye
135 (443)
2000
 United Kingdom South Bank, Lambeth, London 51°30′12″N 0°07′11″W / 51.50334°N 0.1197821°W / 51.50334; -0.1197821 (London Eye) World's tallest 2000-2006
Orlando Eye
122 (400)
2015
 United States Orlando, Florida 28°26′36″N 81°28′06″W / 28.443198°N 81.468296°W / 28.443198; -81.468296 (Orlando Eye)
Suzhou Ferris Wheel
120 (394)
2009
 China Suzhou, Jiangsu 31°18′59″N 120°42′30″E / 31.3162939°N 120.7084501°E / 31.3162939; 120.7084501 (Suzhou Ferris Wheel)
Melbourne Star
120 (394)
2008
 Australia Docklands, Melbourne 37°48′40″S 144°56′13″E / 37.8110723°S 144.9368763°E / -37.8110723; 144.9368763 (Southern Star)
Tianjin Eye
120 (394)
2008
 China Yongle Bridge, Tianjin 39°09′12″N 117°10′49″E / 39.1533636°N 117.1802616°E / 39.1533636; 117.1802616 (Tianjin Eye) Tallest built over a bridge
Changsha Ferris Wheel
120 (394)
2004
 China Changsha, Hunan 28°10′56″N 112°58′48″E / 28.1821772°N 112.9800886°E / 28.1821772; 112.9800886 (Changsha Ferris Wheel)
Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel
120 (394)
2003
 China Century Amusement Park, Henan 34°43′58″N 113°43′07″E / 34.732871°N 113.718739°E / 34.732871; 113.718739 (Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel)
Sky Dream Fukuoka
120 (394)
2002
 Japan Evergreen Marinoa, Fukuoka, Kyūshū 33°35′44″N 130°19′21″E / 33.5956845°N 130.3225279°E / 33.5956845; 130.3225279 (Sky Dream Fukuoka) Closed September 2009
Diamond and Flower Ferris Wheel
117 (384)
2001
 Japan Kasai Rinkai Park, Tokyo, Honshū 35°38′38″N 139°51′26″E / 35.6439052°N 139.8572257°E / 35.6439052; 139.8572257 (Diamond and Flower Ferris Wheel)
Sun Wheel[1]
115 (377)
2014
 Vietnam Da Nang 16°02′24″N 108°13′35″E / 16.040070°N 108.226492°E / 16.040070; 108.226492 (Sun Wheel)
Star of Lake Tai
115 (377)
2008
 China Lake Tai, Wuxi, Jiangsu 31°31′15″N 120°15′39″E / 31.5208296°N 120.260945°E / 31.5208296; 120.260945 (Star of Lake Tai) Picture
Daikanransha
115 (377)
1999
 Japan Palette Town, Odaiba, Honshū 35°37′35″N 139°46′56″E / 35.6263915°N 139.7822902°E / 35.6263915; 139.7822902 (Daikanransha) World's tallest 1999-2000
Cosmo Clock 21 (2nd installation)
112.5 (369)
1999
 Japan Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama, Honshū 35°27′19″N 139°38′12″E / 35.4553872°N 139.6367347°E / 35.4553872; 139.6367347 (Cosmo Clock 21 (2nd installation))
Tempozan Ferris Wheel
112.5 (369)
1997
 Japan Osaka, Honshū 34°39′22″N 135°25′52″E / 34.6561657°N 135.431031°E / 34.6561657; 135.431031 (Tempozan Ferris Wheel) World's tallest 1997-1999
Harbin Ferris Wheel
110 (361)
2003
 China Harbin, Heilongjiang 45°46′40″N 126°39′48″E / 45.7776481°N 126.6634637°E / 45.7776481; 126.6634637 (Harbin Ferris Wheel)
Shanghai Ferris Wheel
108 (354)
2002
 China Jinjiang Action Park, Shanghai 31°08′24″N 121°24′11″E / 31.1401286°N 121.4030752°E / 31.1401286; 121.4030752 (Shanghai Ferris Wheel)
Cosmo Clock 21 (1st installation)
107.5 (353)
1989
 Japan Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama, Honshū
?
World's tallest 1989-1997
Space Eye
100 (328)
?
 Japan Space World, Kitakyūshū, Kyūshū 33°52′18″N 130°48′36″E / 33.8716939°N 130.8099014°E / 33.8716939; 130.8099014 (Space Eye) Picture
Grande Roue de Paris
100 (328)
1900
 France Champ de Mars, Paris 48°51′08″N 2°17′57″E / 48.852222°N 2.299167°E / 48.852222; 2.299167 (Grande Roue de Paris (demolished 1920)) World's tallest 1900-1920
Great Wheel
94 (308)
1895
 United Kingdom Earls Court, London 51°29′18″N 0°11′56″W / 51.48835°N 0.19889°W / 51.48835; -0.19889 (Great Wheel (demolished 1907)) World's tallest 1895-1900
Eurowheel
90 (295)
1999
 Italy Mirabilandia, Ravenna 44°20′21″N 12°15′44″E / 44.3392161°N 12.2622228°E / 44.3392161; 12.2622228 (Eurowheel) Tallest extant in Europe 1999
Aurora Wheel
90 (295)
?
 Japan Nagashima Spa Land, Mie, Honshū 35°01′47″N 136°44′01″E / 35.0298207°N 136.7336351°E / 35.0298207; 136.7336351 (Aurora Wheel) Picture
Sky Wheel
88 (289)
?
 Taiwan Janfusun Fancyworld, Gukeng 23°37′13″N 120°34′35″E / 23.6202611°N 120.5763352°E / 23.6202611; 120.5763352 (Sky Wheel)
Technostar
Technocosmos
85 (279)
?
1985
 Japan Expoland, Osaka, Honshū (?-2009)
Expo '85, Tsukuba, Honshū (1985-?)
34°48′14″N 135°32′09″E / 34.803772°N 135.535916°E / 34.803772; 135.535916 (Technostar)
36°03′40″N 140°04′23″E / 36.061203°N 140.073055°E / 36.061203; 140.073055 (Technocosmos)
Technocosmos renamed/relocated
World's tallest extant 1985-1989
The original Ferris Wheel
80.4 (264)
1893
 United States Chicago (1893-1903); St.Louis (1904-06)
see article
World's tallest 1893-1894
Sochi Ferris wheel[2][3]
80 (262)
2004
 Russia Lazarevskoe Gorky Park, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai 43°54′22″N 39°19′42″E / 43.905990°N 39.328335°E / 43.905990; 39.328335 (Lazarevskoe Gorky Park)
Tbilisi Ferris Wheel
80 (262)
2010
 Georgia Mtatsminda Park, Tbilisi 41°41′44″N 44°46′52″E / 41.6955592°N 44.7812337°E / 41.6955592; 44.7812337 (Tbilisi Ferris Wheel) Video
E-DA Ferris Wheel[4][5]
80 (262)
2010
 Taiwan E-DA Outlet Mall, Dashu, Kaohsiung 22°43′50″N 120°24′06″E / 22.730525°N 120.401612°E / 22.730525; 120.401612 (E-DA Outlet Mall) Rooftop wheel - combined height 120 m[6]
Fun Fair[7]
80 (262)
?
 Iran Mellat Amusement Park, Mashhad 36°19′13″N 59°32′05″E / 36.3202774°N 59.5348263°E / 36.3202774; 59.5348263 (Mashhad Ferris Wheel) Picture
HEP Five Wheel
75 (246)
1998
 Japan HEP Five building, Osaka, Honshū 34°42′15″N 135°30′01″E / 34.7040469°N 135.5001676°E / 34.7040469; 135.5001676 (HEP Five Wheel) Rooftop wheel - combined height 106 m
Moscow-850
73 (240)
1997
 Russia VVC, Moscow 55°49′40″N 37°38′25″E / 55.82786°N 37.64020°E / 55.82786; 37.64020 (Moscow-850) Tallest extant in Europe 1997-99
Polaris Tower
72 (236)
1993
 S.Korea Kumdori Land, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 36°22′49″N 127°23′03″E / 36.3803416°N 127.3841143°E / 36.3803416; 127.3841143 (Polaris Tower) Picture Kumdori Land closed in 2012[8]
Miramar Ferris Wheel
70 (230)
2002
 Taiwan Miramar Entertainment Park, Taipei 25°04′58″N 121°33′28″E / 25.0828393°N 121.5576911°E / 25.0828393; 121.5576911 (Miramar Ferris Wheel) Rooftop wheel - combined height 100 m
Pampanga Eye[9]
65 (213)
2014
 Philippines SM City Pampanga, San Fernando, Pampanga 15°03′14″N 120°41′48″E / 15.05385°N 120.69676°E / 15.05385; 120.69676 (Pampanga Eye)
Wiener Riesenrad
64.75 (212)
1897
 Austria Prater, Leopoldstadt, Vienna 48°13′00″N 16°23′45″E / 48.2166505°N 16.3959494°E / 48.2166505; 16.3959494 (Wiener Riesenrad) World's tallest extant 1920-1985
Texas Star
64.6 (212)
1985
 United States Fair Park, Dallas, Texas 32°46′36″N 96°45′33″W / 32.776738°N 96.759269°W / 32.776738; -96.759269 (Texas Star)
Sky Eye[10]
63 (207)
2013
 Philippines Sky Fun, Tagaytay, Cavite 14°05′42″N 120°56′16″E / 14.095125°N 120.937807°E / 14.095125; 120.937807 (Sky Fun)
Yomiuriland Ferris wheel[11]
61.4 (201)
?
 Japan Yomiuriland, Inagi, Tokyo 35°37′32″N 139°30′58″E / 35.6254628°N 139.5161533°E / 35.6254628; 139.5161533 (Yomiuriland Ferris wheel)
Great Smoky Mountain Wheel[12]
61 (200)
2013
 United States Pigeon Forge, Tennessee 35°48′14″N 83°34′18″W / 35.8037785°N 83.5715937°W / 35.8037785; -83.5715937 (Great Smoky Mountain Wheel)
Iremel[13]
60 (197)
2015
 Russia Ufa, Bashkortostan 54°42′49″N 55°59′44″E / 54.713639°N 55.995694°E / 54.713639; 55.995694 (Iremel Ferris Wheel) Picture
Hong Kong Observation Wheel
60 (197)
2014
 Hong Kong Central, Hong Kong 22°17′07″N 114°09′42″E / 22.2852466°N 114.1617635°E / 22.2852466; 114.1617635 (Hong Kong Observation Wheel)
Baku Ferris Wheel
60 (197)
2014
 Azerbaijan Baku Boulevard, Baku 40°21′17″N 49°50′15″E / 40.354717°N 49.837584°E / 40.354717; 49.837584 (Baku Ferris Wheel)
Big O
60 (197)
?
 Japan Tokyo Dome City, Tokyo 35°42′22″N 139°45′14″E / 35.7060722°N 139.7539139°E / 35.7060722; 139.7539139 (Big O) Centerless Ferris wheel
Eye of the Emirates[14][15]
60 (197)
2005
 United Arab Emirates Al Qasba, Sharjah 25°19′19″N 55°22′30″E / 25.3220621°N 55.3748703°E / 25.3220621; 55.3748703 (Eye of the Emirates) Dismantled for maintenance July 2016 but expected to re-open October 2016[16]
Amuran
60 (197)
2004
 Japan Kagoshima, Kyushu 31°35′04″N 130°32′34″E / 31.5844443°N 130.5428821°E / 31.5844443; 130.5428821 (Amuran) Rooftop wheel - combined height 91 m
Đầm Sen Park Ferris wheel[17]
60 (197)
?
 Vietnam Đầm Sen Park, Ho Chi Minh City 10°45′53″N 106°38′16″E / 10.7646666°N 106.6376889°E / 10.7646666; 106.6376889 (Dam Sen Ferris wheel)
Myrtle Beach SkyWheel
57 (187)
2011
 United States Myrtle Beach, South Carolina 33°41′31″N 78°52′46″W / 33.692035°N 78.87954°W / 33.692035; -78.87954 (SkyWheel)
Mall of Asia Eye
55 (180)
2011
 Philippines SM Mall of Asia, Pasay, Metro Manila 14°31′59″N 120°58′45″E / 14.532923°N 120.979147°E / 14.532923; 120.979147 (MOA Eye)
Al Zawra’a Dream Park Ferris wheel[18]
55 (180)
2011
 Iraq Al Zawra’a Dream Park, Baghdad 33°18′46″N 44°22′15″E / 33.312670°N 44.370809°E / 33.312670; 44.370809 (Al Zawra’a Dream Park) Picture
Kyrlay Amusement Park Ferris wheel[19]
55 (180)
?
 Russia Kyrlay Amusement Park, Kazan, Tatarstan 55°48′36″N 49°05′57″E / 55.809867°N 49.099126°E / 55.809867; 49.099126 (Qirlay Observation Wheel) Picture
Kharkiv Ferris wheel[20]
55 (180)
?
 Ukraine Park of Maxim Gorky, Kharkiv 50°01′13″N 36°14′46″E / 50.020314°N 36.246171°E / 50.020314; 36.246171 (Park of Maxim Gorky)
Colossus
54.9 (180)
1984
 United States Six Flags St. Louis, Eureka, Missouri 38°30′53″N 90°40′35″W / 38.5146403°N 90.6763834°W / 38.5146403; -90.6763834 (Colossus)
Gorky Park Ferris wheel[21]
54.0 (177)
2003
 Belarus Gorky Park, Minsk 53°54′12″N 27°34′28″E / 53.9033268°N 27.5745142°E / 53.9033268; 27.5745142 (Minsk Gorky Park Ferris wheel)
Capital Wheel
53.3 (175)
2014
 United States National Harbor, Maryland 38°47′8.2″N 77°1′8.9″W / 38.785611°N 77.019139°W / 38.785611; -77.019139 (Capital Wheel)
Seattle Great Wheel
53.3 (175)
2012
 United States Pier 57, Seattle, Washington 47°36′22″N 122°20′33″W / 47.606139°N 122.342528°W / 47.606139; -122.342528 (Seattle Great Wheel)
Niagara SkyWheel
53.3 (175)
2006
 Canada Clifton Hill, Niagara Falls, Ontario 43°05′27″N 79°04′33″W / 43.090916°N 79.075921°W / 43.090916; -79.075921 (Niagara SkyWheel)
Kaohsiung Eye
50 (164)
2002
 Taiwan Dream Mall, Kaohsiung 22°35′42″N 120°18′25″E / 22.595°N 120.306944°E / 22.595; 120.306944 (Kaohsiung Eye) Rooftop wheel - combined height 102.5 m
Shining Flower[22]
50 (164)
?
 Japan Fuji-Q Highland, Fujiyoshida, Honshū 35°29′12″N 138°46′50″E / 35.486681°N 138.780434°E / 35.486681; 138.780434 (Fuji Q Highland)
Mickey's Fun Wheel
48.8 (160)
2001
 United States Disney California Adventure Park 33°48′19″N 117°55′20″W / 33.8051785°N 117.9221848°W / 33.8051785; -117.9221848 (Mickey's Fun Wheel) Eccentric Ferris wheel
Seventh Heaven[23][24]
48 (157)
2014
 Russia Gafuri Park, Ufa, Bashkortostan 54°46′13″N 56°01′18″E / 54.770248°N 56.021667°E / 54.770248; 56.021667 (Seventh Heaven Ferris Wheel) Picture
Alem
47.6 (156)
2012
 Turkmenistan Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center, Ashgabat 37°53′56″N 58°17′57″E / 37.898908°N 58.299183°E / 37.898908; 58.299183 (Alem) World's tallest in an enclosed space
Giant Wheel
47.5 (156)
1985
 United States Morey's Piers, Wildwood, New Jersey 38°59′07″N 74°48′33″W / 38.98525°N 74.80925°W / 38.98525; -74.80925 (Giant Wheel (Morey's Piers))
Navy Pier Ferris Wheel
45.7 (150)
1995
 United States Pier Park, Navy Pier, Chicago 41°53′30″N 87°36′27″W / 41.89178333°N 87.60745°W / 41.89178333; -87.60745 (Navy Pier Ferris Wheel)
Sky Scraper[25]
45.7 (150)
1991
 United States Lagoon Amusement Park, Utah 40°59′15″N 111°53′40″W / 40.9874323°N 111.8945745°W / 40.9874323; -111.8945745 (Sky Scraper)
Wonder Wheel
45.7 (150)
1920
 United States Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park, NYC 40°34′26″N 73°58′44″W / 40.574°N 73.97891667°W / 40.574; -73.97891667 (Wonder Wheel) Eccentric Ferris wheel
Dream Land Ferris wheel[26]
45 (148)
?
 Cambodia Dream Land, Phnom Penh 11°33′28″N 104°56′12″E / 11.557720°N 104.936720°E / 11.557720; 104.936720 (Dream Land)
Giant Wheel
41.5 (136)
1972
 United States Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio 41°28′54″N 82°40′47″W / 41.481551°N 82.679849°W / 41.481551; -82.679849 (Giant Wheel)
Wheel of Fate
40 (131)
?
 Philippines Enchanted Kingdom, Santa Rosa, Laguna 14°16′57″N 121°05′42″E / 14.282423°N 121.0950369°E / 14.282423; 121.0950369 (Wheel of Fate)
Ferris wheel of Santorini Park[27]
40 (131)
2012
 Thailand Cha-Am, Phetchaburi 12°47′59″N 99°58′01″E / 12.799722°N 99.966944°E / 12.799722; 99.966944 (Santorini Park)
I-X Center Ferris wheel[28]
38 (125)
?
 United States I-X Center, Cleveland, Ohio 41°23′56″N 81°51′13″W / 41.39895°N 81.853516°W / 41.39895; -81.853516 (Ocean Park)
Revolver[29]
30.5 (100)
?
 United States Fun Spot America, Orlando, Florida 28°27′51″N 81°27′19″W / 28.464242°N 81.455307°W / 28.464242; -81.455307 (Ocean Park)
Ocean Park Ferris wheel[30]
27 (89)
?
 Hong Kong Ocean Park, Aberdeen 22°14′00″N 114°10′12″E / 22.233205°N 114.169879°E / 22.233205; 114.169879 (Ocean Park)
Eclipse / Peeking Heights
25 (82)
see articles
 United Kingdom see articles
see articles
Giant Star Wheel
see article
?
 Philippines Star City, Pasay, Metro Manila 14°33′21″N 120°59′09″E / 14.555957°N 120.985914°E / 14.555957; 120.985914 (Star City)
Pacific Wheel[31]
see article
?
 United States Pacific Park, Santa Monica, California 34°00′30″N 118°29′52″W / 34.0082°N 118.4978°W / 34.0082; -118.4978 (Pacific Wheel) World's only solar-powered
Uniroyal Giant Tire
see article
1964
 United States 1964 New York World's Fair, New York City
see article
Now a static display in Allen Park, Michigan
Batumi Technical University Tower Ferris wheel
?
?
 Georgia Batumi, Adjara 41°39′14″N 41°38′14″E / 41.653938°N 41.637087°E / 41.653938; 41.637087 (Batumi Technical University Tower) World's first skyscraper-mounted[32]
Wheel is 170 m up the 200 m tower[33]

Transportable Ferris wheels

Transportable Ferris wheels are designed to be operated at multiple locations, as opposed to fixed wheels which are usually intended for permanent installation. Small transportable designs may be permanently mounted on trailers, and can be moved intact. Larger transportable wheels are designed to be repeatedly dismantled and rebuilt, some using water ballast instead of the permanent foundations of their fixed counterparts.

Name
 
Height
   m (ft)  
Inaugurated
 
Operator
 
Manufacturer
 
Remarks
 
Giant Wheel
disputed[34][35]
?
World Carnival Ronald Bussink
Roue de Paris[36][37]
60 (197)
1999
Ronald Bussink
Steiger Ferris Wheel[38]
60 (197)
1980
Steiger / Bad Oeynhausen Kocks World's tallest transportable wheel at time of inauguration
Europa-Rad[39]
53 (174)
1992
Kipp & Sohn Nauta-Bussink
Jupiter[40]
42 (138)
1995
Kipp & Barth Nauta-Bussink
Royal Bavarian Wheel[41]
42 (138)
1992
Jost / Worms Nauta-Bussink

References

  1. Colossal observation wheel debuts in Da Nang
  2. "Sochi gets Russia's tallest Ferris wheel". Voice of Russia. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  3. Pax Company - Sochi, Lazarevskoe, 80m
  4. E-DA Outlet Mall - E-DA Ferris Wheel
  5. FC FABBRl PARK s.r.l.
  6. Giant Wheels - News
  7. Mellat Amusement Park - Fun Fair
  8. Rcdb.com - Kumdori Land
  9. "Sky Ranch opens with PH's biggest 'wheel'". SunStar. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  10. Felix, Andrei (1 March 2013). "'Sky Eye' is Tagaytay's newest attraction" (Video and Article). Umagang Kay Ganda (in Filipino and English). Tagaytay, Cavite: ABS-CBN. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  11. "Ferris wheel - Attraction" (in Japanese). Yomiuriland. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  12. Play - The Island Pigeon Forge
  13. The tallest Ferris Wheel in the Volga Federal District will be opened in Ufa
  14. Eye of the Emirates rises on Sharjah skyline as Qanat Al Qasba nears completion
  15. Etisalat Eye of the Emirates - Al Qasba
  16. Al Qasba's Eye of The Emirates Wheel will be missing
  17. "Đu quay đứng" (in Vietnamese). Đầm Sen Park. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  18. New Ferris wheel attracts leisure-starved Iraqis
  19. Kyrlay Amusement Park - Official Website
  20. Ferris wheel - the highest in Ukraine
  21. Парк Горького в Минске
  22. "Shining Flower (Ferris wheel) | Attractions | Fuji-Q Highland" (in Japanese). Fuji-Q Highland. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  23. Observation wheel of 48 m height to be launched in Ufa
  24. The Ferris wheel "Seventh heaven"
  25. Lagoon - It's what fun is!
  26. Dream Land - Attractions - Ferris wheel
  27. Santorini Park
  28. Facility Advantages & Services | I-X Center
  29. Florida Amusement Parks - Fun Spot Action Park
  30. Ferris Wheel | Ocean Park Hong Kong
  31. Pacific Park
  32. The world’s first Ferris-wheel skyscraper
  33. News GE
  34. Deaths shut The Eye
  35. 5 die in fall from Ferris wheel in South Korea
  36. Technical Information
  37. The history of La grande Roue de Paris
  38. Das Rad - Steiger Riesenrad
  39. Kipp & Sohn KG - The Europa Wheel
  40. Kipp & Barth GmbH & Co. KG - Ferris wheel Jupiter I
  41. Royal Bavarian Wheel

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/30/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.