Kavli Prize

The Kavli Prize
Awarded for	Awarded for outstanding contributions in Astrophysics, Nanoscience and Neuroscience.
Country	Norway
Presented by	Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters The Kavli Foundation Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research
First awarded	2008
Official website	http://www.kavliprize.no

The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 through a joint venture between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation. The main objective for the Prize is to honor, support and recognize scientists for outstanding scientific work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience and award three international prizes every second year. The Kavli Prize was awarded the first time in Oslo, 9 September 2008. The Prizes were presented by His Royal Highness Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US $1,000,000.

The Scientific Fields

The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics is awarded for outstanding achievement in advancing our knowledge and understanding of the origin, evolution, and properties of the universe, including the fields of cosmology, astrophysics, astronomy, planetary science, solar physics, space science, astrobiology, astronomical and astrophysical instrumentation, and particle astrophysics.

The Kavli Prize in Nanoscience is awarded for outstanding achievement in the science and application of the unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of atomic, molecular, macromolecular, and cellular structures and systems that are manifest in the nanometre scale, including molecular self-assembly, nanomaterials, nanoscale instrumentation, nanobiotechnology, macromolecular synthesis, molecular mechanics, and related topics.

The Kavli Prize in Neuroscience is awarded for outstanding achievement in advancing our knowledge and understanding of the brain and nervous system, including molecular neuroscience, cellular neuroscience, systems neuroscience, neurogenetics, developmental neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, computational neuroscience, and related facets of the brain and nervous system.

Selection of the Kavli Laureates

The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters appoints the three Prize Committees consisting of leading international scientists after receiving recommendations made by the following international academies and equivalent scientific organisations:

• The Chinese Academy of Sciences
• The French Academy of Sciences
• The Max Planck Society (Germany)
• The National Academy of Sciences (US)
• The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
• The Royal Society (UK)

These distinguished panels of international scientist’s reviews and recommend the prize winners on basis of a nomination process. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters administer the selection process and announce the prize winners.

The Kavli Prize Laureates

Astrophysics

Year	Laureate		Institution	Country	Citation
2008		Maarten Schmidt	California Institute of Technology		"for their seminal contributions to understanding the nature of quasars"
		Donald Lynden-Bell	Cambridge University
2010		Jerry E. Nelson	Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz		"for their contributions to the development of giant telescopes"
		Raymond N. Wilson	European Southern Observatory, Garching
		James Roger Angel	Steward Observatory, University of Arizona
2012		David C. Jewitt	University of California Los Angeles		"for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system"
		Jane X. Luu	Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Michael E. Brown	California Institute of Technology
2014		Alan H. Guth	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		"for pioneering the theory of cosmic inflation"
		Andrei D. Linde	Stanford University
		Alexei A. Starobinsky	Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics
2016		Ronald W.P. Drever	California Institute of Technology		"for the direct detection of gravitational waves"[1]
		Kip S. Thorne	California Institute of Technology
		Rainer Weiss	Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nanoscience

Year	Laureate		Institution	Country	Citation
2008		Louis Brus	Columbia University		"for their large impact in the development of the nanoscience field of the zero and one dimensional nanostructures in physics, chemistry and biology"
		Sumio Iijima	Meijo University
2010		Donald Eigler	IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose		"for their development of unprecedented methods to control matter on the nanoscale"
		Nadrian C. Seeman	New York University
2012		Mildred S. Dresselhaus	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		"for her pioneering contributions to the study of phonons, electron-phonon interactions, and thermal transport in nanostructures"
2014		Thomas W. Ebbesen	University of Strasbourg		"for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging"
		Stefan W. Hell	Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
		John B. Pendry	Imperial College London
2016		Gerd Binnig	IBM Zurich Research Laboratory		"for the invention and realization of atomic force microscopy, a breakthrough in measurement technology and nanosculpting that continues to have a transformative impact on nanoscience and technology"[2]
		Christoph Gerber	University of Basel
		Calvin Quate	Stanford University

Neuroscience

Year	Laureate		Institution	Country	Citation
2008		Sten Grillner	Karolinska Institute		"for discoveries on the developmental and functional logic of neuronal circuits"
		Thomas Jessell	Columbia University
		Pasko Rakic	Yale University School of Medicine
2010		Richard H. Scheller	Genentech, South San Francisco, California		"for discovering the molecular basis of neurotransmitter release"
		Thomas C. Südhof	Stanford University School of Medicine
		James E. Rothman	Yale University
2012		Cornelia Isabella Bargmann	Rockefeller University		"for elucidating basic neuronal mechanisms underlying perception and decision"
		Winfried Denk	Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
		Ann M. Graybiel	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2014		Brenda Milner	Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University		"for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition"
		John O’Keefe	University College London
		Marcus E. Raichle	Washington University, St.Louis
2016		Eve Marder	Brandeis University		"for the discovery of mechanisms that allow experience and neural activity to remodel brain function"[3]
		Michael M. Merzenich	University of California, San Francisco
		Carla J. Shatz	Stanford University

References

1. "2016 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
2. "2016 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
3. "2016 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. Retrieved 2016-06-02.

External links

• The Kavli Prize, official site
• The Kavli Prize on The Kavli Foundation site
• The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research