Latia neritoides

Latia neritoides
NE[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Hygrophila
Superfamily: Chilinoidea
Family: Latiidae
Genus: Latia
Species: L. neritoides
Binomial name
Latia neritoides
Gray, 1850
Synonyms
  • Pelex lateralis Gould, 1852
  • Latia petitiana Fischer, 1856
  • Pelex lateralis Fischer, 1856
  • Latia gassiesiana Fischer, 1856

Latia neritoides is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Latiidae.

The type specimen is in the British Museum.[2]

The specific epithet "neritoides" means "like a nerite". The shell of this species has an internal shelf or lamella, but it more closely resembles a shell of a Crepidula than it does a Nerita.

Distribution

This species is endemic to the North Island of New Zealand.

Habitat

This limpet lives in clean running streams and rivers.[3]

Shell description

The length of the shell is up to 11 mm. The width of the shell is up to 8 mm. The height of the shell is up to 4.5 mm.[3]

The length of the shell is 8.5 mm. The width of the shell is 6 mm. The height of the shell is 3 mm.[2]

The shell is semiovate, thin and fragile, almost smooth, brown, semitransparent. Sculpture consisting of microscopic rather distant radiate striae, and fine dense concentric growth-lines. Colour pale to dark brown; interior dark brown in the centre, the lamina white. Apex posterior, extending a little beyond the margin, with a spiral nucleus of 1 whorl, visible on the right side. The apex is generally on the left side, but sometimes near the middle of the posterior margin.[2]

The aperture is large, oval, the thin sharp margin generally rounded, but the posterior part of it is occasionally straightened and forming more or less distinct angles with the lateral sides, which themselves may become almost straight. The inside is polished. The lamella has the left attached end near the middle of the left margin, but the right free end does not extend beyond the posterior third of the length of the shell.[2]

Anatomy

The animal has ringed filiform tentacles. The eyes are situated at the outer bases of the tentacles.[2]

The formula of the radula is 30 x 27 + 1 + 27. The central tooth is small and bicuspid. The lateral teeth increasing in size up to the 16th, and then diminish again, they have first 1, then 2, and near the margin 3 cusps.[2]

Bioluminescence

These animals are bioluminescent and highly phosphorescent. This can easily be seen in the dark by disturbing the animals, or by adding a few drops of alcohol to the water.[2] This is the only known freshwater gastropod that emits light.[4]

Latia luciferin is chemically (E)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-1-yl)-1-buten-1-ol formate.[5]

The chemical reaction is like this:[5][6]

XH2 is a reducing agent. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase and a purple protein.[6]

See also

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [2]

  1. ↑ IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 14 March 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Suter H. 1913. Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington. page 616.
  3. 1 2 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  4. ↑ Meyer-Rochow V. B. & Moore S. (1988) "Biology of Latia neritoides Gray 1850 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Basommatophora): the Only Light-producing Freshwater Snail in the World". Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 73(1): 21-42. doi:10.1002/iroh.19880730104.
  5. 1 2 EC 1.14.99.21. ORENZA: a database of ORphan ENZyme Activities, accessed 27 November 2009.
  6. 1 2 Shimomura, O.; Johnson, F. H.; Kohama, Y. (1972). "Reactions involved in bioluminescence systems of limpet (Latia neritoides) and luminous bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (8): 2086–2089. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.8.2086. PMC 426874Freely accessible. PMID 4506078.

Further reading

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