List of Columbiformes by population

This is a list of Columbiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Columbiformes have had their numbers quantified.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Negros fruit-dove Ptilinopus arcanus 50[1] CR[1] Decrease[1] Maximum estimate; possibly extinct.[1]
Silvery pigeon Columba argentina 50[2] CR[2] Decrease[2] Preliminary maximum estimate; may be revised upwards.[2]
Sulu bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei 50[3] CR[3] Decrease[3] Maximum estimate; may be extinct.[3]
Blue-eyed ground-dove Columbina cyanopis 70 – 400[4] CR[4] Decrease[4]
Mindoro bleeding-heart Gallicolumba platenae 70 – 400[5] CR[5] Decrease[5]
Negros bleeding-heart Gallicolumba keayi 70 – 400[6] CR[6] Decrease[6]
Purple-winged ground-dove Claravis geoffroyi 70 – 400[7] CR[7] Decrease[7]
Socorro dove Zenaida graysoni 100[8] EW[8] N/A Not recorded in the wild since 1972. Re-introductions are planned.[8]
Polynesian ground-dove Gallicolumba erythroptera 100 – 200[9] CR[9] Decrease[9]
Grenada dove Leptotila wellsi 130[10] CR[10] Steady[10]
Rapa fruit-dove Ptilinopus huttoni 270 – 274[11] VU[11] Steady[11] Estimate dates from 1991.[11]
Marquesan imperial pigeon Ducula galeata 300[12] EN[12] Increase[12] Minimum estimate.[12]
Lilac-crowned fruit-dove Ptilinopus rarotongensis 350 – 1500[13] VU[13] Steady[13]
São Tomé olive pigeon Columba thomensis 350 – 1500[14] EN[14] Decrease[14]
Sri Lanka wood pigeon Columba torringtoniae 350 – 1500[15] VU[15] Decrease[15]
Tawitawi brown dove Phapitreron cinereiceps 350 – 1500[16] EN[16] Decrease[16]
Tuxtla quail-dove Geotrygon carrikeri 350 – 1500[17] EN[17] Decrease[17]
White-fronted ground-dove Gallicolumba kubaryi 350 – 1500[18] VU[18] Decrease[18]
Pink pigeon Nesoenas mayeri 360 – 395[19] EN[19] Decrease[19]
Makatea fruit-dove Ptilinopus chalcurus 444 – 2219[20] VU[20] Steady[20]
Blue-headed quail-dove Starnoenas cyanocephala 1000 – 2499[21] EN[21] Decrease[21] Population may be underestimated.[21]
Chestnut-bellied imperial pigeon Ducula brenchleyi 1000 – 2499[22] VU[22] Decrease[22]
Mindoro imperial pigeon Ducula mindorensis 1000 – 2499[23] EN[23] Decrease[23]
Palau ground-dove Gallicolumba canifrons 1000 – 2499[24] NT[24] Steady[24]
Santa Cruz ground-dove Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis 1000 – 2499[25] EN[25] Decrease[25]
Tolima dove Leptotila conoveri 1000 – 2499[26] EN[26] Decrease[26]
Tooth-billed pigeon Didunculus strigirostris 1000 – 2499[27] EN[27] Decrease[27] May be overestimated.[27]
Timor green pigeon Treron psittaceus 1000 – 3000[28] EN[28] Decrease[28] Preliminary estimate.[28]
Christmas imperial pigeon Ducula whartoni 1000 – 10 000[29] NT[29] Steady[29] Numbers may be underestimated.[29]
Polynesian imperial pigeon Ducula aurorae 1206[30] EN[30] Increase[30] Preliminary estimate.[30]
Marquesan ground-dove Gallicolumba rubescens 1500[31] VU[31] Steady[31]
Mindanao bleeding-heart Gallicolumba crinigera 1500 – 4000[32] VU[32] Decrease[32]
Plain pigeon Patagioenas inornata 1500 – 6100[33] NT[33] Decrease[33]
Black cuckoo-dove Turacoena modesta 2500 – 9999[34] NT[34] Decrease[34]
Comoros olive pigeon Columba pollenii 2500 – 9999[35] NT[35] Decrease[35]
Grey imperial pigeon Ducula pickeringii 2500 – 9999[36] VU[36] Decrease[36]
Grey-fronted quail-dove Geotrygon caniceps 2500 – 9999[37] VU[37] Decrease[37]
Mariana fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla 2500 – 9999[38] EN[38] Decrease[38]
Victoria crowned pigeon Goura victoria 2500 – 9999[39] VU[39] Decrease[39]
Carunculated fruit-dove Ptilinopus granulifrons 3500 – 15 000[40] VU[40] Decrease[40]
Laurel pigeon Columba junoniae 3000 – 7500[41] NT[41] Increase[41]
Flame-breasted fruit-dove Ptilinopus marchei 3500 – 15 000[42] VU[42] Decrease[42]
Flores green pigeon Treron floris 3500 – 15 000[43] VU[43] Decrease[43]
Maranon pigeon Patagioenas oenops 3500 – 15 000[44] VU[44] Decrease[44]
Mindanao brown dove Phapitreron brunneiceps 3500 – 15 000[45] VU[45] Decrease[45]
New Britain bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri 3500 – 15 000[46] VU[46] Decrease[46]
Nilgiri wood pigeon Columba elphinstonii 3500 – 15 000[47] VU[47] Decrease[47]
Pemba green pigeon Treron pembaensis 3500 – 15 000[48] VU[48] Decrease[48] Preliminary estimate.[48]
Ring-tailed pigeon Patagioenas caribaea 3500 – 15 000[49] VU[49] Decrease[49]
Pale-capped pigeon Columba punicea 3500 – 15 000[50] VU[50] Decrease[50]
São Tomé green pigeon Treron sanctithomae 3500 – 15 000[51] VU[51] Decrease[51]
Spotted imperial pigeon Ducula carola 3500 – 15 000[52] VU[52] Decrease[52]
Tongan ground-dove Gallicolumba stairi 3500 – 15 000[53] VU[53] Decrease[53]
Vanuatu imperial pigeon Ducula bakeri 3500 – 15 000[54] VU[54] Decrease[54]
Western crowned pigeon Goura cristata 3500 – 15 000[55] VU[55] Decrease[55]
Wetar ground-dove Gallicolumba hoedtii 3500 – 15 000[56] EN[56] Decrease[56]
Yellow-legged pigeon Columba pallidiceps 3500 – 15 000[57] VU[57] Decrease[57]
Bolle's pigeon Columba bollii 5000 – 20 000[58] LC[58] Increase[58]
Trocaz pigeon Columba trocaz 8500 – 10 000[59] LC[59] Increase[59]
Red-naped fruit-dove Ptilinopus dohertyi 9100[60] VU[60] Decrease[60]
Whistling fruit-dove Ptilinopus layardi 10 000[61] NT[61] Steady[61] Minimum estimate.[61]
Azuero dove Leptotila battyi 10 000 – 19 999[62] VU[62] Decrease[62] Preliminary estimate.[62]
Southern crowned pigeon Goura scheepmakeri 10 000 – 19 999[63] VU[63] Decrease[63]
Timor imperial pigeon Ducula cineracea 10 000 – 19 999[64] EN[64] Decrease[64]
Sumba green pigeon Treron teysmannii 14 000[65] NT[65] Decrease[65]
Finsch's imperial pigeon Ducula finschii 15 000 – 30 000[66] NT[66] Decrease[66]
Large green pigeon Treron capellei 15 000 – 30 000[67] VU[67] Decrease[67]
Pied cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni 15 000 – 30 000[68] NT[68] Decrease[68]
Red-knobbed imperial pigeon Ducula rubricera 15 000 – 30 000[69] NT[69] Decrease[69]
Yellow-eyed pigeon Columba eversmanni 15 000 – 30 000[70] VU[70] Decrease[70]
Yellowish imperial pigeon Ducula subflavescens 15 000 – 30 000[71] NT[71] Decrease[71]
Caribbean dove Leptotila jamaicensis 20 000 – 49 999[72] LC[72] Steady[72]
Maroon-chested ground-dove Claravis mondetoura 20 000 – 49 999[73] LC[73] Steady[73]
Ochre-bellied dove Leptotila ochraceiventris 20 000 – 49 999[74] VU[74] Decrease[74]
Grey-chested dove Leptotila cassinii 50 000 – 499 999[75] LC[75] Steady[75]
Long-tailed mountain pigeon Gymnophaps mada 50 000 – 99 000[76] LC[76] Steady[76]
Short-billed pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris 50 000 – 499 999[77] LC[77] Steady[77]
White-faced quail-dove Geotrygon albifacies 50 000 – 499 999[78] LC[78] Decrease[78]
Goliath imperial pigeon Ducula goliath 100 000[79] NT[79] Unknown[79]
Partridge pigeon Geophaps smithii 126 000[80] VU[80] Decrease[80] Numbers are for mature individuals only. Divided into two subspecies: G. smithii smithi (120 000) & G. smithii blaauwi (6000).[80]
Cloven-feathered dove Drepanoptila holosericea 140 000[81] NT[81] Unknown[81] Minimum estimate.[81]
Spectacled imperial pigeon Ducula perspicillata 500 000 – 999 000[82] LC[82] Steady[82]
Black-bellied sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis 500 000 – 4 000 000[83] LC[83] Decrease[83]
Blue ground-dove Claravis pretiosa 500 000 – 4 999 999[84] LC[84] Steady[84]
Scaled pigeon Patagioenas speciosa 500 000 – 4 999 999[85] LC[85] Decrease[85]
Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita 500 000 – 4 999 999[86] LC[86] Increase[86]
Stock dove Columba oenas 1 700 000 – 3 000 000[87] LC[87] Steady[87]
Pale-vented pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis 5 000 000 – 50 000 000[88] LC[88] Steady[88]
Plain-breasted ground-dove Columbina minuta 5 000 000 – 50 000 000[89] LC[89] Steady[89]
Ruddy quail-dove Geotrygon montana 5 000 000 – 50 000 000[90] LC[90] Decrease[90]
Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto 20 000 000 – 50 000 000[91] LC[91] Increase[91]
European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur 20 000 000 – 100 000 000[92] LC[92] Decrease[92]
Common wood pigeon Columba palumbus 30 000 000 – 70 000 000[93] LC[93] Increase[93] Preliminary estimate.[93]
Rock dove Columba livia 260 000 000[94] LC[94] Decrease[94]
Mourning dove Zenaida macroura 475 000 000[95]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus arcanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  2. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba argentina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  3. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba menagei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  4. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columbina cyanopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  5. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba platenae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  6. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba keayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  7. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  8. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Zenaida graysoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  9. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba erythroptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  10. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila wellsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  11. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus huttoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  12. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula galeata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  13. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus rarotongensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  14. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba thomensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  15. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba torringtoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  16. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phapitreron cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  17. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon carrikeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  18. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba kubaryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  19. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Nesoenas mayeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  20. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus chalcurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  21. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Starnoenas cyanocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  22. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula brenchleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  23. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula mindorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  24. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba canifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  25. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  26. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila conoveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  27. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Didunculus strigirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  28. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron psittaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  29. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula whartoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  30. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula aurorae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  31. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba rubescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  32. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba crinigera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  33. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas inornata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  34. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Turacoena modesta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  35. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba pollenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  36. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula pickeringii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  37. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon caniceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  38. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus roseicapilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  39. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Goura victoria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  40. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus granulifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  41. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba junoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  42. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus marchei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  43. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron floris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  44. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas oenops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  45. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phapitreron brunneiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  46. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Henicophaps foersteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  47. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba elphinstonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  48. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron pembaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  49. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas caribaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  50. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba punicea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  51. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron sanctithomae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  52. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula carola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  53. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba stairi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  54. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula bakeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  55. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Goura cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  56. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba hoedtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  57. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba pallidiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  58. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba bollii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  59. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba trocaz". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  60. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus dohertyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  61. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus layardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  62. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila battyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  63. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Goura scheepmakeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  64. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula cineracea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  65. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron teysmannii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  66. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula finschii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  67. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron capellei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  68. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Reinwardtoena browni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  69. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula rubricera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  70. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba eversmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  71. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula subflavescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  72. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila jamaicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  73. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis mondetoura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  74. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila ochraceiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  75. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila cassini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  76. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gymnophaps mada". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  77. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas nigrirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  78. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon albifacies". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  79. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula goliath". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  80. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Geophaps smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  81. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Drepanoptila holosericea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  82. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  83. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterocles orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  84. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis pretiosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  85. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas speciosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  86. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Zenaida aurita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  87. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba oenas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  88. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas cayennensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  89. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columbina minuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  90. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon montana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  91. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Streptopelia decaocto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  92. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Streptopelia turtur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  93. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba palumbus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  94. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba livia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  95. ↑ Mirarchi, R.E., and Baskett, T.S. 1994. Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura). In The Birds of North America, No. 117 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists' Union.
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