List of Procellariiformes by population
This is a list of Procellariiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.
This list is not comprehensive, as not all Procellariiformes have had their numbers quantified.
Species by global population
Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiji petrel | Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi | 50[1] | CR[1] | [1] | Maximum estimate.[1] | |
Guadalupe storm petrel | Oceanodroma macrodactyla | 50[2] | CR[2] | Unknown[2] | Maximum estimate; possibly extinct.[2] | |
Jamaican petrel | Pterodroma caribbaea | 50[3] | CR[3] | Unknown[3] | Maximum estimate; possibly extinct, but difficult to confirm due to its (former?) nocturnal nature.[3] | |
New Zealand storm petrel | Oceanites maorianus | 50[4] | CR[4] | Unknown[4] | Maximum estimate.[4] | |
Beck's petrel | Pseudobulweria becki | 70 – 400[5] | CR[5] | [5] | "Rediscovered" in 2007.[5] | |
Zino's petrel | Pterodroma madeira | 130 – 160[6] | EN[6] | [6] | ||
Magenta petrel | Pterodroma magentae | 150 – 200[7] | CR[7] | [7] | ||
Amsterdam albatross | Diomedea amsterdamensis | 170[8] | CR[8] | [8] | Only ~26 pairs breeding annually on the upper plateau of Île Amsterdam. Population was presumably higher before introduced cattle degraded lower elevation breeding sites.[8] | |
Bermuda petrel | Pterodroma cahow | 250[9] | EN[9] | [9] | ||
Heinroth's shearwater | Puffinus heinrothi | 350 – 1500[10] | VU[10] | [10] | ||
Monteiro's storm petrel | Oceanodroma monteiroi | 350 – 1500[11] | NT[11] | [11] | ||
Townsend's shearwater | Puffinus auricularis | 350 – 1500[12] | CR[12] | [12] | ||
Collared petrel | Pterodroma brevipes | 1000 – 10 000[13] | VU[13] | [13] | ||
Trindade petrel | Pterodroma arminjoniana | 1130[14] | VU[14] | [14] | ||
Chatham petrel | Pterodroma axillaris | 1400[15] | EN[15] | [15] | ||
Polynesian storm petrel | Nesofregetta fuliginosa | 1500 – 2400[16] | EN[16] | [16] | Preliminary estimate.[16] | |
Short-tailed albatross | Phoebastria albatrus | 2200 – 2500[17] | VU[17] | [17] | ||
Jouanin's petrel | Bulweria fallax | 2500 – 9999[18] | NT[18] | [18] | ||
Fea's petrel | Pterodroma feae | 3000[19] | NT[19] | [19] | ||
Gould's petrel | Pterodroma leucoptera | 3000 – 21 000[20] | VU[20] | [20] | ||
Black petrel | Procellaria parkinsoni | 5000[21] | VU[21] | [21] | ||
Ashy storm petrel | Oceanodroma homochroa | 5200 – 10 000[22] | EN[22] | [22] | ||
Tristan albatross | Diomedea dabbenena | 7100[23] | CR[23] | [23] | ||
Barau's petrel | Pterodroma baraui | 9000 – 12 000[24] | EN[24] | [24] | ||
Hawaiian petrel | Pterodroma sandwichensis | 9000 – 16 600[25] | VU[25] | [25] | Numbers may be underestimated.[25] | |
De Filippi's petrel | Pterodroma defilippiana | 10 000 – 19 999[26] | VU[26] | [26] | ||
Galápagos petrel | Pterodroma phaeopygia | 10 000 – 19 999[27] | CR[27] | [27] | ||
Balearic shearwater | Puffinus mauretanicus | 13 000 – 20 000[28] | CR[28] | [28] | Preliminary estimate.[28] | |
Chatham albatross | Thalassarche eremita | 16 000 [29] | VU[29] | [29] | ||
Westland petrel | Procellaria westlandica | 16 000[30] | VU[30] | [30] | ||
Northern giant petrel | Macronectes halli | 17 000 – 21 000[31] | LC[31] | [31] | ||
Matsudaira's storm petrel | Oceanodroma matsudairae | 20 000[32] | DD[32] | Unknown[32] | Preliminary estimate for mature individuals.[32] | |
Tahiti petrel | Pseudobulweria rostrata | 20 000 – 30 000[33] | NT[33] | [33] | ||
Wandering albatross | Diomedea exulans | 20 100[34] | VU[34] | [34] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[34] | |
Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross | Thalassarche chlororhynchos | 21 000 – 32 000 [35] | EN[35] | [35] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[35] | |
Northern royal albatross | Diomedea sanfordi | 25 000 – 26 000[36] | EN[36] | [36] | Estimate may be dated.[36] | |
Southern royal albatross | Diomedea epomophora | 27 200[37] | VU[37] | [37] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[37] | |
Sooty albatross | Phoebetria fusca | 28 000[38] | EN[38] | [38] | Estimate is for mature individuals only (14 000 pairs).[38] | |
Tristram's storm petrel | Oceanodroma tristrami | 30 000[39] | NT[39] | [39] | Maximum estimate.[39] | |
Cape Verde shearwater | Calonectris edwardsii | 30 000[40] | NT[40] | [40] | ||
Phoenix petrel | Pterodroma alba | 30 000[41] | EN[41] | [41] | Preliminary estimate.[41] | |
Elliot's storm petrel | Oceanites gracilis | 30 000[42] | DD[42] | [42] | Minimum estimate.[42] | |
Pycroft's petrel | Pterodroma pycrofti | 30 000 – 40 000[43] | VU[43] | [43] | ||
Spectacled petrel | Procellaria conspicillata | 38 000[44] | VU[44] | [44] | ||
Antipodean albatross | Diomedea antipodensis | 44 500[45] | VU[45] | [45] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[45] | |
Yelkouan shearwater | Puffinus yelkouan | 46 000 – 92 000 [46] | VU[46] | [46] | Preliminary estimate.[46] | |
Markham's storm petrel | Oceanodroma markhami | 50 000[47] | DD[47] | Unknown[47] | Minimum estimate.[47] | |
Shy albatross | Thalassarche cauta | 60 000 – 70 000 [48] | NT[48] | Unknown[48] | ||
Newell's shearwater | Puffinus newelli | 84 000[49] | EN[49] | [49] | ||
Light-mantled albatross | Phoebetria palpebrata | 87 000[50] | NT[50] | [50] | ||
Salvin's albatross | Thalassarche salvini | 90 000 [51] | VU[51] | Unknown[51] | ||
Pink-footed shearwater | Puffinus creatopus | 100 000[52] | VU[52] | Unknown[52] | Preliminary maximum estimate.[52] | |
Southern giant petrel | Macronectes giganteus | 100 000[53] | LC[53] | [53] | Mature population is "approaching" this number.[53] | |
Providence petrel | Pterodroma solandri | 100 000[54] | VU[54] | [54] | ||
Fluttering shearwater | Puffinus gavia | 100 000[55] | LC[55] | [55] | Minimum estimate.[55] | |
Swinhoe's storm petrel | Oceanodroma monorhis | 100 000[56] | NT[56] | [56] | Quite possibly underestimated; a recent study gives a minimum of 130 000 pairs.[56] | |
Black-footed albatross | Phoebastria nigripes | 129 000[57] | VU[57] | [57] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[57] | |
Band-rumped storm petrel | Oceanodroma castro | 150 000[58] | LC[58] | [58] | ||
Christmas shearwater | Puffinus nativitatis | 150 000[59] | LC[59] | [59] | ||
Trindade petrel | Pterodroma heraldica | 150 000[60] | LC[60] | [60] | ||
White-necked petrel | Pterodroma cervicalis | 150 000[61] | VU[61] | [61] | ||
Kermadec petrel | Pterodroma neglecta | 150 000 – 200 000[62] | LC[62] | [62] | ||
Fulmar prion | Pachyptila crassirostris | 150 000 – 300 000[63] | LC[63] | [63] | ||
Indian yellow-nosed albatross | Thalassarche carteri | 160 000 [64] | EN[64] | [64] | "Perhaps" a minimum estimate.[64] | |
Grey-backed storm petrel | Garrodia nereis | 200 000[65] | LC[65] | [65] | "Potential" minimum estimate.[65] | |
Black-vented shearwater | Puffinus opisthomelas | 200 000 – 250 000[66] | NT[66] | Unknown[66] | ||
Grey-headed albatross | Thalassarche chrysostoma | 250 000 [67] | VU[67] | [67] | Minimum estimate for mature individuals.[67] | |
White-bellied storm petrel | Fregetta grallaria | 300 000[68] | LC[68] | [68] | ||
Hutton's shearwater | Puffinus huttoni | 300 000 – 350 000[69] | EN[69] | [69] | ||
Grey petrel | Procellaria cinerea | 400 000[70] | NT[70] | [70] | Preliminary estimate.[70] | |
Stejneger's petrel | Pterodroma longirostris | 400 000[71] | VU[71] | [71] | Minimum estimate.[71] | |
Audubon's shearwater | Puffinus lherminieri | 500 000[72] | LC[72] | [72] | ||
Black-bellied storm petrel | Fregetta tropica | 500 000[73] | LC[73] | [73] | ||
Black storm petrel | Oceanodroma melania | 500 000[74] | LC[74] | [74] | Minimum estimate.[74] | |
Wedge-rumped storm petrel | Oceanodroma tethys | 500 000[75] | LC[75] | [75] | Minimum estimate.[75] | |
Bulwer's petrel | Bulweria bulwerii | 500 000 – 1 000 000[76] | LC[76] | [76] | ||
White-headed petrel | Pterodroma lessonii | 600 000[77] | LC[77] | [77] | ||
Flesh-footed shearwater | Puffinus carneipes | 650 000[78] | LC[78] | [78] | Minimum estimate.[78] | |
Cook's petrel | Pterodroma cookii | 670 000[79] | VU[79] | [79] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[79] | |
Little shearwater | Puffinus assimilis | 900 000[80] | VU[80] | [80] | Minimum estimate.[80] | |
Cory's shearwater | Calonectris diomedea | 900 000 – 1 200 000[81] | LC[81] | [81] | Preliminary estimate.[81] | |
Bonin petrel | Pterodroma hypoleuca | 1 000 000[82] | LC[82] | [82] | Population "approaches" this number.[82] | |
Kerguelen petrel | Lugensa brevirostris | 1 000 000[83] | LC[83] | [83] | ||
Manx shearwater | Puffinus puffinus | 1 050 000 – 1 170 000 [84] | LC[84] | [84] | ||
Black-browed albatross | Thalassarche melanophrys | 1 150 000 [85] | NT[85] | [85] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[85] | |
European storm petrel | Hydrobates pelagicus | 1 290 000 – 1 530 000 [86] | LC[86] | [86] | ||
Great-winged petrel | Pterodroma macroptera | 1 500 000[87] | LC[87] | [87] | Minimum estimate.[87] | |
Laysan albatross | Phoebastria immutabilis | 1 700 000[88] | NT[88] | [88] | Minimum estimate.[88] | |
Cape petrel | Daption capense | 2 000 000[89] | LC[89] | [89] | ||
Buller's shearwater | Puffinus bulleri | 2 500 000[90] | VU[90] | [90] | Estimate is dated; numbers may now be lower.[90] | |
Streaked shearwater | Calonectris leucomelas | 3 000 000[91] | LC[91] | [91] | ||
Blue petrel | Halobaena caerulea | 3 000 000[92] | LC[92] | [92] | Minimum estimate.[92] | |
Juan Fernández petrel | Pterodroma externa | 3 000 000[93] | VU[93] | [93] | Minimum estimate from 1986, but population appears to remain steady.[93] | |
White-chinned petrel | Procellaria aequinoctialis | 3 000 000[94] | VU[94] | [94] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[94] | |
Southern fulmar | Fulmarus glacialoides | 4 000 000[95] | LC[95] | [95] | ||
Snow petrel | Pagodroma nivea | 4 000 000[96] | LC[96] | [96] | Minimum estimate.[96] | |
White-faced storm petrel | Pelagodroma marina | 4 000 000[97] | LC[97] | [97] | Minimum estimate.[97] | |
Atlantic petrel | Pterodroma incerta | 5 000 000[98] | EN[98] | [98] | ||
Fairy prion | Pachyptila turtur | 5 000 000[99] | LC[99] | [99] | ||
Soft-plumaged petrel | Pterodroma mollis | 5 000 000[100] | LC[100] | [100] | Minimum estimate.[100] | |
Wedge-tailed shearwater | Puffinus pacificus | 5 200 000[101] | LC[101] | [101] | ||
Fork-tailed storm petrel | Oceanodroma furcata | 6 000 000[102] | LC[102] | [102] | Minimum estimate.[102] | |
Slender-billed prion | Pachyptila belcheri | 7 000 000[103] | LC[103] | [103] | Minimum estimate.[103] | |
Black-winged petrel | Pterodroma nigripennis | 8 000 000 – 10 000 000[104] | LC[104] | [104] | ||
Antarctic petrel | Thalassoica antarctica | 10 000 000 – 20 000 000 [105] | LC[105] | [105] | ||
Salvin's prion | Pachyptila salvini | 12 000 000[106] | LC[106] | [106] | Minimum estimate.[106] | |
Wilson's storm petrel | Oceanites oceanicus | 12 000 000 – 30 000 000[107] | LC[107] | [107] | ||
South Georgia diving petrel | Pelecanoides georgicus | 15 000 000[108] | LC[108] | [108] | ||
Broad-billed prion | Pachyptila vittata | 15 000 000[109] | LC[109] | [109] | Minimum estimate.[109] | |
Great shearwater | Puffinus gravis | 15 000 000[110] | LC[110] | [110] | Minimum estimate.[55] | |
Northern fulmar | Fulmarus glacialis | 15 000 000 – 30 000 000[111] | LC[111] | [111] | ||
Common diving petrel | Pelecanoides urinatrix | 16 000 000[112] | LC[112] | [112] | Minimum estimate.[112] | |
Leach's storm petrel | Oceanodroma leucorhoa | 20 000 000[113] | LC[113] | [113] | Minimum estimate.[113] | |
Sooty shearwater | Puffinus griseus | 20 000 000[114] | NT[114] | [114] | Minimum estimate.[55] | |
Short-tailed shearwater | Puffinus tenuirostris | 23 000 000 [115] | LC[115] | [115] | Minimum estimate.[115] | |
Antarctic prion | Pachyptila desolata | 50 000 000[116] | LC[116] | [116] | ||
See also
References
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- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Procellaria westlandica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Macronectes halli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanodroma matsudairae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pseudobulweria rostrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Diomedea exulans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassarche chlororhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Diomedea sanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
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- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanodroma tristrami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
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- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma pycrofti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
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- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassarche carteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Garrodia nereis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus opisthomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassarche chrysostoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Fregetta grallaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus huttoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Procellaria cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
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- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanodroma tethys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Bulweria bulwerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma lessonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus carneipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma cookii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus assimilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Calonectris diomedea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma hypoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Lugensa brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
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- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassarche melanophrys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Hydrobates pelagicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma macroptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Phoebastria immutabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Daption capense". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus bulleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Calonectris leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Halobaena caerulea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma externa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Procellaria aequinoctialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Fulmarus glacialoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pagodroma nivea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pelagodroma marina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma incerta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pachyptila turtur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma mollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanodroma furcata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pachyptila belcheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterodroma nigripennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassoica antarctica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pachyptila salvini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanites oceanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pelecanoides georgicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pachyptila vittata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus gravis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Fulmarus glacialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Pelecanoides urinatrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanodroma leucorhoa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pachyptila desolata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
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