List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma

History of Myanmar

Prehistory of Myanmar 11,000–200 BCE Pyu city-states 200 BCE–1050 CE (Sri Ksetra Kingdom, Tagaung Kingdom) Mon kingdoms 825?–1057 Arakanese kingdoms 788?–1406
Pagan Kingdom 849–1297 Early Pagan Kingdom 849–1044 Warring states period Upper Burma 1297–1555 Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364 Sagaing Kingdom 1315–64 Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555 Prome Kingdom 1482–1542 Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–52 Shan States 1215–1563 Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429–1785 Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752 First Toungoo Empire 1510–99 Nyaungyan Restoration 1599–1752 Restored Hanthawaddy 1740–57 Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885
British colonial period 1824–1948 Anglo-Burmese wars 1824–85 Nationalist movement 1900–48 Japanese occupation 1942–45
Modern era 1948–present Union of Burma 1948–62 Socialist Republic 1962–88 Union of Myanmar 1988–2010 Political reforms 2011–12
Timeline List of capitals Leaders Royal chronicles Military history

This is a list of early and legendary monarchs of Burma (Myanmar). It covers the monarchs of the early polities according to the Royal Chronicles that gave rise to Pagan Kingdom. The list consists of two types. Some of the dynasties were likely derived from "Indian legends taken from Sanskrit or Pali originals" in order to link the Burmese monarchy to the Buddha.^[1]^[2] Many others were actual historical figures cloaked in pre-Buddhist legends, and probably existed in a different time period than that described in the chronicles. Moreover, many of these historical-based legendary figures were likely contemporaries of rival small settlements, rather than in the continuous lineage presented by the chronicles.^[3]

Upper Burma

First Tagaung Dynasty

This is the First Tagaung Dynasty as given in Hmannan Yazawin.^[4]

Monarch	Reign	Relationship	Notes
Abhiyaza	850–825 BCE		Introduced for the first time in 1832 as the founder of Burmese monarchy^[5]
Kanyaza Nge	825–?	Son
Zambudipa Yaza		Son
Thingatha Yaza		Son
Weippanna Yaza		Son
Dewata Yaza		Son
Munika Yaza		Son
Naga Yaza		Paternal uncle
Einda Yaza		Brother
Thamuti Yaza		Son
Dewa Yaza		Son
Maheindra Yaza		Son
Wimala Yaza		Son
Thihanu Yaza		Son
Mingana Yaza		Son
Kantha Yaza		Son
Kaleinga Yaza		Son
Thindwe Yaza		Son
Thihala Yaza		Son
Thamuti Yaza		Son
Hantha Yaza		Brother
Wara Yaza		Son
Alaung Yaza		Son
Kawlaka Yaza		Son
Thuriya Yaza		Son
Thingyi Yaza		Son
Taingchit Yaza		Son
Madu Yaza		Son
Minhlagyi Yaza		Son
Thanthu Thiha Yaza		Son
Daninga Yaza		Son
Heinda Yaza		Son
Mawriya Yaza		Son
Beinnaka Yaza		Son

Second Tagaung Dynasty

This is the list of kings of the Second Tagaung Dynasty as given in Hmannan Yazawin. No reign dates are given except for the date when the Sri Ksetra Kingdom was founded by two princes from Tagaung.^[6]

Monarch	Reign	Notes
Daza Yaza	c. 600 BCE–?	Introduced for the first time in 1829 as the founder of the second Tagaung dynasty^[5]
Thado Taing-Ya
Thado Yahta-Ya
Thado Tagun-Ya
Thado Hlanbyan-Ya
Thado Shwe
Thado Galon-Ya
Thado Naga-Ya
Thado Naga-Naing
Thado Yahawlaw
Thado Paungshe
Thado Kyaukshe
Thado Hsinlauk
Thado Hsinhtein
Thado Taingchit
Thado Mingyi
Thado Maha Yaza		His sons founded Sri Ksetra Kingdom in 483 BCE.

Sri Ksetra Kingdom

Monarch	Reign	Relationship	Notes
Maha Thanbawa	483–477 BCE	Son of Thado Maha Yaza of Tagaung
Sula Thanbawa	477–442	Brother
Duttabaung	442–372	Son of Maha Thanbawa	Historical figure believed to have ascended the throne in 739 CE
Duttayan	372–350	Son
Yan Baung	350–300	Son
Yan Man	300–250	Son
Yetkhan	250–219	Son
Khanlaung	219–181	Son
Letkhaing	181–147	Son
Thirikhan	147–119	Son
Thiriyit	119–110	Son	Last of Duttabaung's line
Taba	110–59	Adopted son
Papiyan	59 BCE–7 CE	Son
Yan Mukha	7–22	Son
Yan Theinkha	22–25	Son
Yan Monsaleinda	25–40	Son
Bereinda	40–52	Brother
Monsala	52–57	Son
Ponna	57–60	Son
Thakha	60–63	Brother
Thathi	63–66	Son
Kan Nu	66–67	Younger brother
Kan Tet	67–70	Elder brother
Beizza	70–74	Elder brother
Thumondari	74–81	Not stated
Atitya	81–84	Son
Thupyinnya	84–94	Brother	End of Sri Ksetra dynasty

Early Pagan

Formative Early Pagan

The following is the list of Pagan kings as given in the main chronicles.^[7]

Name	Reign per Zatadawbon Yazawin	Reign per Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit, and Hmannan Yazawin	Relationship with the predecessor
Thamoddarit	80–125	107–152	Nephew of Thupyinnya of Sri Ksetra
Yathekyaung	125–140	152–167	Caretaker
Pyusawhti	140–222	167–242	Son-in-law of Thamudarit
Hti Min Yin	222–249	242–299	Son
Yin Min Paik	249–334	299–324	Son
Paik Thinli	334–371	324–344	Son
Thinli Kyaung I	371–415	344–387	Son
Kyaung Tu Yit	415–440	387–412	Son
Thihtan	440–477	412–439	Son
Thuye	477–492	439–494	Usurper
Tharamon Phya	492–514	494–516	Grandson of Thihtan
Thaik Taing	514–521	516–523	Son
Thinli Kyaung II	521–530	523–532	Son
Thinli Paik	530–535	532–547	Brother
Khan Laung	535–545	547–557	Brother
Khan Lat	545–557	557–569	Brother
Htun Taik	557–570	569–582	Son
Htun Pyit	570–586	582–598	Son
Htun Chit	586–613	598–613	Son

Middle Early Pagan

All four main chronicles are in agreement with the regnal dates in this period.^[7]

Name	Reign per Zatadawbon Yazawin, Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit, and Hmannan Yazawin	Relationship with the predecessor
Popa Sawrahan	613–640	Usurper
Shwe Ohnthi	640–652	Son-in-law
Peit Thon	652–660	Brother
Peit Taung	660–710	Son
Min Khwe	710–716	Brother
Myingyway	716–726	Usurper
Theinga	726–734	Elected by court; of royal blood
Thein Khun	734–744	Son
Shwe Laung	744–753	Son
Htun Htwin	753–762	Son
Shwe Hmauk	762–785	Son
Htun Lut	785–802	Brother
Saw Khin Hnit	802–829	Son
Khe Lu	829–846	Son

Late Early Pagan

The chronicles again do not agree with the dates for this period. The dates in later chronicles Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin now depart from Maha Yazawin dates from 846 CE forward.^[7]

Name	Reign per Zatadawbon Yazawin	Reign per Maha Yazawin	Reign per Yazawin Thit and Hmannan Yazawin	Relationship with predecessor(s)
Pyinbya	846–886	846–858	846–878	Brother
Tannet	886–904	858–876	878–906	Son
Sale Ngahkwe	904–934	876–901	906–915	Usurper
Theinhko	934–956	901–917	915–931	Son
Nyaung-u Sawrahan	956–1001	917–950	931–964	Usurper
Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu	1001–1021	950–971	964–986	Son of Tannet
Kyiso	1021–1038	971–977	986–992	Son of Nyaung-u Sawrahan
Sokkate	1038–1044	977–1002	992–1017	Brother

Lower Burma

Thaton Kingdom

Monarch	Reign	Notes
Thiha Yaza	?–543 BCE	Died in the year the Buddha died; came from India
Dhamma Thawka I
Titha		Tissa
Dhamma Pala
Dhamma Daza
Einkura
Upadewa Yaza
Thiwa Yaza
Zawta Kumma
Dhamma Thawka II
Uttara
Katha Wunna
Maha Thala
Araka
Narathu I
Maha Beinda
Adara
Angula
Urunnata
Thuganda I
Thuganda II
Bramah Datta
Manya Yaza
Adika
Maradi Yaza
Thaduka
Dipa Yaza I
Athinkha Yaza
Bomma Yaza
Manda Yaza
Mahintha Yaza
Dhamma Sekka Yaza
Thusanbadi
Baddara Yaza
Narathu II
Zambudipa Yaza
Ketharit Yaza
Wizaya Kumma
Mani Yaza
Tekka Min
Athinkha Yaza
Kutha Yaza
Dipa Yaza II
Nara Yaza
Yaza Thura
Seitta Yaza
Diga Yaza
Ottama Yaza
Thiri Yaza
Dhamma Yaza
Maha Seitta Yaza
Ganda Yaza
Zeya Yaza
Thumana Yaza
Maddaka Yaza
Aminna Yaza
Udinna Yaza
Manuha	?–1057 CE

Early Hanthawaddy

The list here is per Harvey who reported it from the Shwemawdaw Thamaing (lit. "History of Shwemawdaw Pagoda"); the dates are unattested.^[3] Other Mon Chronicles give a similar list of rulers from 573 to 781 with no records thereafter, leaving a gap of 276 years to Pagan's conquest of Pegu in 1057.^[8] Harvey's list better synchronizes with historically confirmed Pagan dates. But according to Michael Aung-Thwin, pre-Pagan Mon kingdoms of Lower Burma are later 15th century legends, unattested by evidence. Pegu as a place name only first appeared in a 1266 Old Burmese inscription.^[9]

Monarch	Reign	Relationship	Notes
Thamala	825–837		Founds Pegu (Bago) in 825
Wimala	837-854	Brother
Atha	854–861	Nephew
Areindama	861–885	Son
A monk	885–902
Geinda	902–917
Migadeippa I	917–932
Geissadiya	932–942
Karawika	942–954
Pyinzala	954–967	Son
Attatha	967–982	Brother
Anuyama	982–994	Nephew
Migadeippa II	994–1004
Ekkathamanda	1004–1016
Uppala	1016–1028
Pontarika	1028–1043		Founds Dagon
Tissa	1043–1057

Arakan

See List of Arakanese monarchs – Arakanese Chronicles report dates back to 2666 BCE. Dates prior to Pagan's conquest of Arakan in 1118 are completely unattested. The reliable dates are begin with Mrauk U Kingdom (1429–1785).

Notes

↑ Hall 1960: 7
↑ Lieberman 2003: 196
1 2 Harvey 1925: 368
↑ Hmannan Vol. 1 1829: 155–156
1 2 Than Tun 1964: ix–x
↑ Hmannan Vol. 1 1829: 159–160
1 2 3 Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 343–347
↑ Phayre 1883: 289
↑ Aung-Thwin 2005: 29

References

Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005). The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2886-8. ISBN 0-8248-2886-0.
Charney, Michael W. (2006). Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
Hall, D.G.E. (1960). Burma (3rd ed.). Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 978-1-4067-3503-1.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin Gyi (in Burmese). 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon.

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