List of heads of state or government who have been in exile

In some cases the deposed head of state or Head of government are allowed to go into exile following a coup or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice. Examples include:^[1]

Name	Title	Home country	Exile period	Exiled country or countries
Napoleon	Emperor of France	France	1815-1821	Saint Helena
Bahadur Shah II	Mughal Emperor	Mughal Empire	1857-1862	Burma
Khalid bin Barghash	Sultan of Zanzibar	Zanzibar	1896-1927	1)  German East Africa 2)  Seychelles 3)  Saint Helena 4)  British East Africa
Cipriano Castro	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1909-1924†	United States
José Santos Zelaya	President of Nicaragua	Nicaragua	1909-1919†	Spain  United States
Porfirio Díaz	President of Mexico	Mexico	1911-1915†	Spain  France
Victoriano Huerta	President of Mexico	Mexico	1914-1916†	United Kingdom  Spain  United States
Wilhelm II	Emperor of Germany	German Empire	1918-1941†	Netherlands
Arturo Alessandri[2]	President of Chile	Chile	1924-1925	Italy
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo	President of Chile	Chile	1931-1937	Argentina
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora	Prime Minister of Spain	Spain	1936-1949†	1)  France (1936-1942) 2)  Argentina (1942-1949)
Alfonso XIII of Spain	King of Spain	Spain	1931-1941†	Italy
Plutarco Elías Calles	President of Mexico	Mexico	1936-1941	United States
Juan Bautista Sacasa	President of Nicaragua	Nicaragua	1936-1946†	United States
Farouk of Egypt	King of Egypt	Egypt	1936-1952	Italy  Monaco
Edvard Beneš	President of Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovakia	1938-1945	United Kingdom
Manuel Azaña	Prime Minister of Spain	Spain	1939-1940†	France
Zog I of Albania	King of Albania	Albania	1941-1961	1)  United Kingdom 2)  France
Rezā Shāh	Shah of Iran	Iran	1941-1944	1)  Mauritius 2)  South Africa
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez	President of El Salvador	El Salvador	1944-1966†	Honduras
Isaías Medina Angarita	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1945-1953†	United States
Miklós Horthy	Regent of Hungary	Hungary	1945-1957†	1)  France (1945-1949) 2)  Portugal (1949-1957)
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	King of Bulgaria	Bulgaria	1946-1996	1)  Egypt 2)  Spain
Leonardo Argüello Barreto	President of Nicaragua	Nicaragua	1947	Mexico
Rómulo Betancourt	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1948-1958	United States  Cuba  Costa Rica
Rómulo Gallegos	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1948-1958	Cuba  Mexico
José Bustamante y Rivero	President of Peru	Peru	1948-1955	Argentina
Michael I of Romania	King of Romania	Romania	1948-1997	1)  United Kingdom 2)   Switzerland
Laureano Gómez	President of Colombia	Colombia	1953-1959	Spain
Jacobo Árbenz	President of Guatemala	Guatemala	1954-1971†	1)  France 2)  Czechoslovakia 3)  Soviet Union 4)  Uruguay (1957-1960) 5)  Cuba (1960-1965) 6)  Mexico (1965-1971)
Juan Perón	President of Argentina	Argentina	1955-1973	1)  Venezuela (1955-1958) 2)  Spain (1958-1973)
Bảo Đại	Emperor of Vietnam	Vietnam	1955-1997†	France  Monaco
Paul Magloire	President of Haiti	Haiti	1956-1986	United States
Imre Nagy	Prime Minister of Hungary	Hungary	1956	Yugoslavia (embassy)
Iskander Mirza	President of Pakistan	Pakistan	1958-1969†	United Kingdom
Marcos Pérez Jiménez	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1958-1963	United States
Tenzin Gyatso	14th Dalai Lama	Tibet	1959-present	India
Fulgencio Batista	President of Cuba	Cuba	1959-1973†	Portugal  Spain
Syngman Rhee	President of South Korea	South Korea	1960-1965†	United States
Joaquín Balaguer	President of the Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic	1962-1966	United States
Manuel Prado Ugarteche	President of Peru	Peru	1962-1967†	France
Juan Bosch	President of the Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic	1963-1966	Puerto Rico
Jamshid bin Abdullah	Sultan of Zanzibar	Zanzibar	1963-present	United Kingdom
Víctor Paz Estenssoro	President of Bolivia	Bolivia	1964-1978	Peru
Saud of Saudi Arabia	King of Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia	1964-1969	1)   Switzerland 2)  Egypt 3)  Greece
João Goulart	President of Brazil	Brazil	1964-1976†	1)  Uruguay (1964-1973) 2)  Argentina (1973-1976)
Mutesa II of Buganda	President of Uganda	Uganda	1966-1969†	United Kingdom
Kwame Nkrumah	President of Ghana	Ghana	1966-1972†	1)  Guinea (1966-1971) 2)  Romania (1971-1972)
Fernando Belaúnde Terry	President of Peru	Peru	1968-1980	United States
Marcos Pérez Jiménez	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1968-2001†	Spain (1968-2001)
Norodom Sihanouk	Prime Minister of Cambodia	Cambodia	1970-1993	China  North Korea
Muhammad al-Badr	King of Yemen	Yemen	1970-1996†	United Kingdom
Said bin Taimur	Sultan of Oman	Oman	1970-1972†	United Kingdom
Milton Obote	President of Uganda	Uganda	1971-1979	Tanzania (1971-1979)
Mohammed Zahir Shah	King of Afghanistan	Afghanistan	1973-2002	Italy
Cheng Heng	President of the Khmer Republic	Cambodia	1975-1992	United States
Lon Nol	President of the Khmer Republic	Cambodia	1975-1985†	United States
Michel Micombero	President of Burundi	Burundi	1976-1983†	Somalia
James Mancham	President of the Seychelles	Seychelles	1977-1991	United Kingdom
Ange-Félix Patassé	Prime Minister of the Central African Empire	Central African Republic	1978-1979	France
Idi Amin	President of Uganda	Uganda	1979-2003†	1)  Libya (1979-1980) 2)  Saudi Arabia (1980-2003
Jean-Bédel Bokassa	Emperor of Central Africa	Central African Republic	1979-1986	1)  Ivory Coast (1979-1983) 2)  France (1983-1986)
Fred Degazon	President of Dominica	Dominica	1979-present	United Kingdom
Jafar Sharif-Emami	Prime Minister of Iran	Iran	1978 -1998†	United States
Gholam Reza Azhari	Prime Minister of Iran	Iran	1978 -2001†	United States
Ali Amini	Prime Minister of Iran	Iran	1979-1992†	France
Shapour Bakhtiar	Prime Minister of Iran	Iran	1979-1991†	France
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi	Shah of Iran	Iran	1979-1980†	1)  Egypt 2)  Morocco 3)  Bahamas 4)  Mexico 5)  United States 6)  Panama 7)  Egypt
Félix Malloum	President of Chad	Chad	1979-2002	Nigeria
Anastasio Somoza Debayle	President of Nicaragua	Nicaragua	1979-1980†	Paraguay
Ange-Félix Patassé	Prime Minister of the Central African Republic	Central African Republic	1980-1981	France
Víctor Paz Estenssoro	President of Bolivia	Bolivia	1980-1982	Peru
Ahmed Ben Bella	President of Algeria	Algeria	1980-1990	Switzerland
Luís Cabral	President of Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	1980-2009†	1)  Cuba (1980-1984) 2)  Portugal (1984-2009)
Johan Ferrier	President of Suriname	Suriname	1980-2010†	Netherlands
Isabel Martínez de Perón	President of Argentina	Argentina	1981-present	Spain
Abolhassan Banisadr	President of Iran	Iran	1981-present	France
Luis García Meza Tejada	President of Bolivia	Bolivia	1981-1995	Brazil
Ange-Félix Patassé	Prime Minister of the Central African Republic	Central African Republic	1982-1992	Togo
Gaafar Nimeiry	President of Sudan	Sudan	1985-1999	Egypt
Milton Obote	President of Uganda	Uganda	1985-2005†	Zambia
Jean-Claude Duvalier	President of Haiti	Haiti	1986-2011	France
Ferdinand Marcos	President of the Philippines	Philippines	1986-1989†	United States
Tito Okello	President of Uganda	Uganda	1986-1993	Kenya
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza	President of Burundi	Burundi	1987-1993	Libya
Ahmed al-Mirghani	President of Sudan	Sudan	1989-2001	Egypt
Alfredo Stroessner	President of Paraguay	Paraguay	1989-2006†	Brazil
Hissène Habré	President of Chad	Chad	1990-present	Senegal
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah	Emir of Kuwait	Kuwait	1990-1991	Saudi Arabia
Erich Honecker	General Secretary	East Germany	1991-1994†	1)  Soviet Union (1989-1991) 2)  Russia (1991-1993) 3)  Chile (1992-1994)
Jean-Bertrand Aristide	President of Haiti	Haiti	1991-1994	Venezuela  United States
Siad Barre	President of Somalia	Somalia	1991-1995†	1)  Kenya (1991) 2)  Nigeria (1991-1995)
Mengistu Haile Mariam	President of Ethiopia	Ethiopia	1991-present	Zimbabwe
Alan García	President of Peru	Peru	1992-2001	Colombia  France
Ayaz Mutallibov	President of Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan	1992-2012	Russia
Mohammad Najibullah	President of Afghanistan	Afghanistan	1992-1996	United Nations (mission)
Joseph Saidu Momoh	President of Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone	1992-1997	Guinea
Jorge Serrano Elías	President of Guatemala	Guatemala	1993-present	Panama
Didier Ratsiraka	President of Madagascar	Madagascar	1993-1996	France
Dawda Jawara	President of the Gambia	Gambia	1994-2002	Senegal  United Kingdom
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani	Emir of Qatar	Qatar	1995-2004	France
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya	President of Burundi	Burundi	1996-1997	United States (embassy)
Abdalá Bucaram	President of Ecuador	Ecuador	1997-present	Panama
Pascal Lissouba	President of the Republic of Congo	Republic of Congo	1997-present	1)  United Kingdom (1997-2004) 2)  France (2004-present)
Joachim Yhombi-Opango	President of the Republic of Congo	Republic of Congo	1997-2007	Benin  Ivory Coast  France
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza	President of Burundi	Burundi	1998-2002	Uganda
Nawaz Sharif	Prime Minister of Pakistan	Pakistan	1999-2007	1)  Saudi Arabia 2)  United Kingdom
Joseph Saidu Momoh	President of Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone	1999-2003	Guinea
Henri Konan Bédié	President of Ivory Coast	Ivory Coast	1999-2001	Togo
Carlos Andrés Pérez	President of Venezuela	Venezuela	1999-2010†	Dominican Republic  United States
João Bernardo Vieira	President of Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	1999-2005	Portugal
Henri Konan Bédié	President of Ivory Coast	Ivory Coast	2000-2001	France
Alberto Fujimori	President of Peru	Peru	2000-2007	1)  Japan (2000-2005) 2)  Chile (2005-2007)
André Kolingba	President of the Central African Republic	Central African Republic	2001-2010†	1)  Uganda (2001-2003) 2)  France (2003-2010)
Didier Ratsiraka	President of Madagascar	Madagascar	2002-2011	France
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada	President of Bolivia	Bolivia	2003-present	United States
Ange-Félix Patassé	President of the Central African Republic	Central African Republic	2003-2009	Togo
Jean-Bertrand Aristide	President of Haiti	Haiti	2004-2011	1)  Jamaica (2004) 2)  South Africa (2004-2011)
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya	President of Mauritania	Mauritania	2005-present	1)  Gambia (2005) 2)  Qatar (2005-present)
Lucio Gutiérrez	President of Ecuador	Ecuador	2005	Brazil  Peru  United States
Askar Akayev	President of Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstan	2005-present	Russia
Marc Ravalomanana	President of Madagascar	Madagascar	2009-present	1)  Swaziland (2009) 2)  South Africa (2009-present)
Manuel Zelaya	President of Honduras	Honduras	2009-2011	1)  Costa Rica (2009) 2)  Dominican Republic (2010-2011)
Kurmanbek Bakiyev	President of Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstan	2010-present	Belarus
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali	President of Tunisia	Tunisia	2011-present	Saudi Arabia
Amadou Toumani Touré	President of Mali	Mali	2012-present	Senegal
Norodom Sihanouk	King of Cambodia	Cambodia	2004-2012	China  North Korea
Viktor Yanukovych	President of Ukraine	Ukraine	2014-present	Russia
Mobutu Sese Seko	President of Zaire	Zaire	1997	Morocco
Kigeli V	King of Rwanda	Rwanda	1959-1961	1)  Tanganyika 2)  Uganda 3)  Kenya 4)  United States
François Bozizé	President of the Central African Republic	Central African Republic	2013-2015	1)  Cameroon 2)  Benin (requested)
Constantine II of Greece	King of Greece	Greece	1967-2013	1)  Italy 2)  United Kingdom
Umberto II of Italy	King of Italy	Italy	1946-1983†	1)  Portugal 2)   Switzerland
Dương Văn Minh	President of South Vietnam	South Vietnam	1983-2001	1)  France 2)  United States
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu	President of South Vietnam	South Vietnam	1975-2001	1)  United Kingdom 2)  United States
Ian Smith	President of Rhodesia	Rhodesia	2005-2007	1)  South Africa
Bettino Craxi	Prime Minister of Italy	Italy	1994-2000	1)  Tunisia
Tom Thabane	Prime Minister of Lesotho	Lesotho	2014	1)  South Africa
Blaise Compaoré	President of Burkina Faso	Burkina Faso	2014-present	1)  Ivory Coast 2)  Morocco
Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi	President of Yemen	Yemen	2015-present	1)  Saudi Arabia
Mikheil Saakashvili	President of Georgia	Georgia	2014-present	1)  United States 2)  Ukraine

References

1. Geoghegan, Tom (2011-04-14). "BBC News - What happens to deposed leaders?". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
2. Exile Communities and Their Differential Institutional Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of the Chilean and Uruguayan Political Diasporas Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)