List of large volcanic eruptions in the 21st century
This is a list of volcanic eruptions of the 21st century measuring a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of at least 4, as well as notable smaller eruptions. Note that the size of eruptions can be subject to considerable uncertainties.
VEI | Volcano (eruption) | Country | Year | Casualties | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Ulawun[1] | Papua New Guinea | 2000 | ||
4 | Shiveluch[2] | Russia | 2001 | ||
1 | Nyiragongo[3] | DR Congo | 2002 | 47 | |
4 | Ruang[4] | Indonesia | 2002 | ||
4 | Reventador[5] | Ecuador | 2002 | ||
4 | Manam[6] | Papua New Guinea | 2004 | ||
4 | Rabaul[7] | Papua New Guinea | 2006 | ||
4 | Mount Okmok[8] | United States | 2008 | ||
4 | Chaiten[9] | Chile | 2008 | 1[10] | |
4 | Kasatochi[11] | United States | 2008 | ||
4 | Sarychev Peak[12] | Russia | 2009 | ||
4 | Eyjafjallajökull[13] | Iceland | 2010 | ||
4 | Mount Merapi[14] | Indonesia | 2010 | 353[15] | Over 350,000 people were evacuated from the affected area. Ash plumes caused major disruption to aviation across Java. |
4 | Grímsvötn | Iceland | 2011 | ||
5 | Puyehue-Cordón Caulle[16] | Chile | 2011 | Major flight disruptions across the southern hemisphere, including South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Ejecting 0.7 cu km, this event was the biggest volcanic eruption of the 21st century to date. | |
4 | Nabro | Eritrea | 2011 | 31 | |
2 | Mount Sinabung | Indonesia | 2014 | 15 | Mount Sinabung's eruptions caused many pyroclastic flows, one resulting in the loss of 15 lives. |
4 | Kelud | Indonesia | 2014 | 2[17] | |
3 | Mount Ontake | Japan | 2014 | 61+ | A Phreatic eruption and pyroclastic flow occurred without warning, killing at least 61 people. Deadliest eruption in Japan since 1902, first volcano-related deaths in Japan since 1991. |
4 | Calbuco | Chile | 2015 | 0 | First eruption at Calbuco since 1972. At least 4,000 people evacuated. No casualties reported.[18] |
See also
- List of large volcanic eruptions of the 19th century
- List of large volcanic eruptions of the 20th century
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
- Lists of volcanoes
References
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0502-12=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1000-27=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0203-03=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0607-01=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1502-01=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0501-02=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0502-14=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1101-29-&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1508-041&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/05/04/us-chile-volcano-idUKN0221354320080504
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1101-13-&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0900-24=&volpage=erupt
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1702-02=&volpage=erupt&format=expanded#E2010320
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-25=&volpage=erupt&format=expanded#E20101026
- ↑ http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/indonesia-downgrades-mount-merapis-danger-level/409878
- ↑ http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=357150
- ↑ "Mass evacuation in Indonesia as Java volcano erupts". BBC News. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
- ↑ Pyle, David. "Volcán Calbuco: what do we know so far?". Retrieved 14 January 2016.
External links
- VEI glossary entry from a USGS website
- How to measure the size of a volcanic eruption, from The Guardian
- The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth, a 2004 article from the Bulletin of Volcanology
- List of Large Holocene Eruptions (VEI > 4) from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program
- VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
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