List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 314.122

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 314.122 under that system. These instruments are board zithers that use slats as resonators.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument

314: Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground (board zithers)

314.1: Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer

314.12: Instrument has a resonator

314.122: Instrument has a resonator made from slats (box zithers)

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

List

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
Aeolian harp æolian harp, wind harp		314.122	Box zither placed near a window so that wind stimulates the strings
cimbalom[1] czimbalom, cymbalom, cymbalum, ţambal, tsymbaly, tsimbl, santouri, santur	Hungary	314.122-4	Chromatic hammered dulcimer with four legs
gusli[2]	Russia	314.122	Zither-like instrument with between eleven and thirty-six strings, tuned diatonically
kanklės[3]	Lithuania	314.122	Stringed instrument
kantele[4][5][6][7][8] kannel	Finland	314.122	Zither-harp, traditionally with five strings, now with up to thirty, held in the lap
kokle[9][10]	Latvia and Latvian-Americans	314.122	Diatonic, lute-like string instrument
langeleik[8]	Norway	314.122	Rectangular zither with five to nine strings, one melody string and several drone strings
santur[11]	Iran	314.122-4	Hammered dulcimer, trapezoidal-shaped with 72 strings and two sets of bridges, hit with mallets
yangqin[12] yang ch'in, yang qin	China	314.122-4	Hammered dulcimer, with a trapezoidal sounding board and traditionally bronze strings, struck with rubber-tipped bamboo hammers
zither[13][14] Volkszither	Bavaria	314.122	Stringed instrument with a soundbox, with strings stretched across it, originally with four melody strings and no more than fifteen accompaniment strings

References

• von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.

Notes

1. Hartmann, Arthur (1916). "The Czimbalom, Hungary's National Instrument". The Musical Quarterly. II (4): 590–600. doi:10.1093/mq/II.4.590. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
2. Hoerburger, Felix (1952). "Proceedings of the Fourth Conference Held at Opatija, Yugoslavia: Correspondence between Eastern and Western Folk Epics". Journal of the International Folk Music Council. 4: 23–26. JSTOR 835837.
3. "The Baltic Countries: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania". Lithuanian-American Community. August 24, 1998. Retrieved December 22, 2007. A wooden stringed instrument, similar to the zither, is considered a "national" instrument for all three countries. The Estonian kannel, the Latvian kokles, and the Lithuanian kankles, though similar in design, have distinctive styles.
4. Grahn, Göran (April 1999). "Review of Musikkens Tjenere - Instrument - Forsker - Musiker by Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp". The Galpin Society Journal. 52: 367–368. doi:10.2307/842547. JSTOR 842547.
5. Asplund, Anneli (December 2001). "The Kantele: Finland's National Instrument". Virtual Finland. Retrieved December 17, 2007. (T)he kantele is an essential part of the power of (the Kalevala and thus became), in the 19th century, the Finns' national instrument.
6. Moisala, Pirkko (Autumn 1994). "The Wide Field of Finnish Ethnomusicology". Ethnomusicology. Ethnomusicology, Vol. 38, No. 3. 38 (3): 417–422. doi:10.2307/852108. JSTOR 852108. (Researchers) have run a long-term campaign to introduce the kantele, which has been branded the national instrument of Finland, into every school.
7. Andersson, Otto (October–December 1911). "On Violinists and Dance-Tunes among the Swedish Country-Population in Finland towards the Middle of the Nineteenth Century". Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft. 13 (1): 107–114. JSTOR 929299.
8. Isaacson, Lanae H. (Winter 1995). "Folk og Kultur: Arbog for Dansk Etnologi og Folkemindevidenskab". Scandinavian Studies. 67.n1 (2): 142.
9. Sheeter, Laura (October 29, 2005). "Latvia celebrates national instrument". BBC News. Retrieved December 17, 2007. Latvia's national instrument (is) the kokle... (which) is reasserting its place at the heart of contemporary Latvian culture.
10. Erdely, Stephen (1979). "Ethnic Music in the United States: An Overview". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11. 11: 114–137. doi:10.2307/767568. JSTOR 767568. Its revival was initiated (among Latvian-Americans in the United States) in the 1930's (sic) by Latvian folklorists, who claimed it to be their true national instrument.
11. Norouzi, Khateren (September 16, 2006). "Iranian Music With Norwegian Radio-Television Symphony Orchestra". Iran Press Service. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
12. ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
13. Grove, George (1954). Dictionary of Music and Musicians. St. Martin's Press. The zither may be considered the national instrument of Bavaria
14. "The Concert Zither: A Brief History". Zithers-USA. Zither Newsletter USA. Retrieved February 17, 2008.

Hornbostel–Sachs system
1. Idiophone (list)	11. Struck 111. Directly 111.1. Concussion 111.2. Percussion 112. Indirectly 112.1. Shaken/rattle 112.2. Scraped/rasp 12. Plucked 121. Frame 121.1. Clack 121.2. Guimbarde 122. Comb 122.1. Lace 122.2. Cut out 13. Friction 131. Stick Nail violin 132. Plaque Musical saw Daxophone 133. Vessel Glass harmonica 14. Blown 141. Stick 142. Plaque
2. Membran- ophone (list)	21. Struck 211. Directly 211.1. Bowl 211.2. Tubular 211.3. Frame 212. Shaken 22. Plucked Nyatiti 23. Friction 231. Stick 232. Cord 233. Hand 24. Kazoo 241. Free 242. Tube/vessel
3. Chordophone (list)	31. Simple / zither 311. Bar/stick Musical bow Stick zither 312. Tube Whole Half 313. Raft Idiochord Heterochord 314. Board 315. Trough 316. Frame 32. Composite 321. Lute 321.1. Bow 321.2. Yoke 322. Harp 322.1. Open 322.2. Frame 323. Harp lute
4. Aerophone (list)	41. Free 411. Displacement Whip 412. Interruptive 412.1. Idiophonic/reed 412.2. Non-idiophonic 413. Plosive 42. Non-free 421. Flute 421.1. Non-fipple 421.2. Fipple 422. Reed 422.1. Double reed 422.2. Single reed 422.3. Reedpipe 423. Brass 423.1 Natural 423.2 Chromatic
5. Electrophone (list)	51. Action 52. Amplification 53. Radioelectric Theremin
List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number Musical instrument classification