List of political parties in Greece

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Greece

Prior to the 2012 elections the characteristic Greek political system was a two-party system. The historically dominant parties have been New Democracy and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement. Under the electoral system a party needs to surpass a 3% threshold in the popular vote in order to enter parliament. The largest party gets a 50-seat bonus (out of 300 seats) ostensibly to ensure elections return viable governing majorities.

In the Parliamentary elections held in 2009, five parties entered parliament: New Democracy (ND), the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) and the Popular Orthodox Rally (LA.O.S.). In the 2012 elections, seven parties entered the parliament: ND, SYRIZA, PASOK, Independent Greeks (ANEL), KKE, Golden Dawn, and Democratic Left (DIMAR).

Parties represented in the current Parliament and European Parliament

NameAcronymLeader or ChairmanPeople's RepresentativesRemarksIdeologyPolitical PositionNational AffiliationInternational affiliationEuropean AffiliationEuropean Parliament Group
Coalition of the Radical Left - Unitary Social Front (Συνασπισμός Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς - Ενωτικό Κοινωνικό Μέτωπο)SYRIZAAlexis Tsipras, presidentLeft-wing government ministers:
29 / 39
MEP:
7 / 22
national deputies:
145 / 300
Regions:
144 / 701
Democratic socialism[1]
Secularism
Left-wing populism[2]
Anti-capitalism[3][4]
Alter-globalization[5]
Social democracy
Left-wingNoneNoneParty of the European Left European United Left - Nordic Green Left MEP:
52 / 751
New Democracy (Νέα Δημοκρατία)NDKyriakos Mitsotakis, presidentCentre-right opposition MEP:
5 / 22
national deputies:
75 / 300
Regions:
274 / 701
Liberal conservatism[6]
Christian democracy[7]
Pro-Europeanism[8]
Centre-right[9]None International Democratic Union
Centrist Democrat International
European People's Party EPP Group MEP:
221 / 751
Golden Dawn (Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή)XANikolaos Michaloliakos, general secretaryFar-right opposition MEP:
3 / 22
national deputies:
18 / 300
Regions:
26 / 701
Ultranationalism[10][11]
Greek nationalism [12]
Neo-Nazism[13]
Hard euroscepticism
Neo-Fascism
Anti-globalization
Far-rightNoneNone Alliance for Peace and Freedom Non-Inscrits
Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα)PASOKFofi Gennimata, presidentCentre-left opposition MEP:
2 / 22
national deputies:
17 / 300
Regions:
105 / 701
Social democracy
Pro-Europeanism
Social liberalism[14][15]
Centre-leftDemocratic Coalition (2015)
Olive Tree (2014)
Socialist International
Progressive Alliance
Party of European Socialists S&D MEP:
191 / 751
Communist Party of Greece (Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας)KKEDimitris Koutsoumpas, general secretaryFar-left opposition MEP:
2 / 22
national deputies:
15 / 300
Regions:
29 / 701
Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Hard euroscepticism
Stalinism[16][17]
Revolutionary socialism[18]
Far-leftNoneIMCWPInitiative of Communist and Workers' Parties Non-Inscrits
The River (Το Ποτάμι)POTAMIStavros Theodorakis, presidentCentrist opposition MEP:
2 / 22
national deputies:
11 / 300
Regions:
0 / 701
Centrism[19]
Social liberalism[20]
Social democracy[21]
Centre to Centre-leftNoneNoneNone S&D MEP:
191 / 751
Independent Greeks (Ανεξάρτητοι Έλληνες)ANELPanos Kammenos, presidentRight-wing government ministers:
5 / 39
MEP:
1 / 22
national deputies:
10 / 300
Regions:
51 / 701
National conservatism[1]
Social conservatism[22]
Right-wing populism[23][24]
Euroscepticism[25]
Right wingNoneNoneNone None (formerly ECR)
Union of Centrists (Ένωση Κεντρώων)EKVassilis Leventis, president Centrist opposition MEP:
0 / 22
national deputies:
9 / 300
Regions:
0 / 701
Centrism
Venizelism
Social liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
CentreNoneNoneEuropean Democratic PartyNone

Minor parties

Name Acronym Position Ideology Leader National Affiliation European Affiliation MPs MEPs
Popular Unity
Λαϊκή Ενότητα
LAE
ΛΑ.Ε.
Left-wing
Far-left
Democratic socialism[26]
Hard euroscepticism[26][27]
Left-wing populism
Panagiotis Lafazanis None None 0 1
Ecologist Greens
Οικολόγοι Πράσινοι
OP
ΟΠ
Centre-left
Left wing
Green politics
Environmentalism
Six-member committee Ecologist Greens - Pirate Party of Greece (2014)
SYRIZA (2015)
EGP, G-EFA 1 0
Democractic Left
Δημοκρατική Αριστερά
DIMAR
ΔΗΜΑΡ
Centre-left Social Democracy
Democratic Socialism
Thanasis Theocharopoulos Democratic Coalition S&D 1 0
Christian Democratic Party of the Overthrow
Χριστιανοδημοκρατικό Κόμμα Ανατροπής
XPIKA
ΧΡΙΚΑ
Centre-right
Right wing
Christian Democracy
Conservatism
Nikos Nikolopoulos Union for the Homeland and the People (2014)
Independent Greeks (2015)
none 1 0
Reformers for Democracy and Development
Μεταρρυθμιστές για τη Δημοκρατία και την Ανάπτυξη
Reformers
Μεταρρυθμιστές
Centre-left Social Democracy Spyros Lykoudis The River none 1 0
Course of Freedom
Πλεύση Ελευθερίας
Left-wing Socialism Zoe Konstantopoulou Popular Unity none 0 0
Society First
Η Κοινωνία Πρώτα
H.K.P
Η.Κ.Π
Left wing Democratic Socialism
Socialism
Stefanos Katsaras SYRIZA none 0 0
Popular Unions of Bipartisan Social Groups
Λαϊκές Ενώσεις Υπερκομματικών Κοινωνικών Ομάδων
LEFKO
ΛΕΥΚΟ
Centre-left Social Democracy
Populism
Konstantinos Dalios Independent Greeks None 0 0
Drassi
Δράση
Drassi
Δράση
Centre Liberalism
Classical Liberalism
Theodoros Skylakakis Bridges (2014)
The River (2015)
ALDE 0 0
Popular Orthodox Rally
Λαικός Ορθόδοξος Συναγερμός
LAOS
Λα.Ο.Σ
Right wing
Far-right
Greek nationalism
Conservatism
Georgios Karatzaferis National Unity MELD 0 0
Movement of Democratic Socialists
Κίνημα Δημοκρατών Σοσιαλιστών
KIDISO
ΚI.ΔH.ΣO.
Center-left Social democracy George Papandreou None None 0 0
Greens
Πράσινοι
Greens
Πράσινοι
Centre-left Green politics
Environmentalism
Nikos Chrysogelos None 0 0
New Reformist Radical Reconstruction
Νέα Μεταρρυθμιστική Ριζοσπαστική Ανασυγκρότηση
NEA MERA
ΝΕΑ ΜΕΡΑ
Centre-right National Conservatism
Liberal Conservatism
Christos Zois Union for the Homeland and the People none 0 0
Recreate Greece
Δημιουργία Ξανά
DX
Δ.Ξ.
Centre Liberalism
Pro-Europeanism
Thanos Tzimeros Bridges ALDE 0 0
Liberal Alliance
Φιλελεύθερη Συμμαχία
FS
Φ.Σ.
Centre Neoliberalism
Progressivism
Makis Spyratos none none 0 0
Democrats
Δημοκρατικοί
Dem
Δημ
Centre Social Liberalism
Economic Liberalism
Theodoros Polyzoidis None None 0 0
Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow
Αντικαπιταλιστική Αριστερή Συνεργασία για την Ανατροπή
ANTARSYA
ΑΝΤΑΡΣΥΑ
Far-left Revolutionary socialism
Anti-capitalism
21 member committee None None 0 0
Social Agreement
Κοινωνική Συμφωνία
KOISY
ΚΟΙ.ΣΥ.
Centre-left
Left wing
Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Louka Katseli SYRIZA None 0 0
National Unity Association
Σύνδεσμος Εθνικής Ενότητας
SEE
Σ.Ε.Ε.
Right wing Patriotism
National Conservatism
Nikos Alikakos None None 0 0
Pirate Party of Greece
Κόμμα Πειρατών Ελλάδας
KPP
Κ.Π.Π.
Left wing Freedom of information
Direct democracy
Has no leader, but a management board. Ecologist Greens - Pirate Party of Greece (2014) PPEU,
supported G-EFA
0 0
Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist)
Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας (Μαρξιστικό - Λενινιστικό)
KKE(m-l)
Κ.Κ.Ε.(μ-λ)
Far-left Marxism–Leninism
Anti-Revisionism
Grigoris Konstantopoulos Marxist–Leninist Communist Parties of Greece None 0 0
Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece
Μαρξιστικό-Λενινιστικό Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας
M-L KKE
Μ-Λ Κ.Κ.Ε.
Far-left Marxism–Leninism
Anti-Revisionism
Antonis Papadopoulos Marxist–Leninist Communist Parties of Greece None 0 0
Workers Revolutionary Party
Εργατικό Επαναστατικό Κόμμα
EEK
ΕΕΚ
Far-left Communism
Trotskyism
Savas Matsas None None 0 0
Democratic Revival
Δημοκρατική Αναγέννηση
Diman
Δημαν
Centre-right
Right wing
National Conservatism
Christian Socialism
Stelios Papathemelis None None 0 0
Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars
Δραχμή, Δημοκρατική Κίνηση Πέντε Αστέρων
Drachma Five Stars
Δραχμή Πέντε Αστέρων
Centre
Centre-right
Liberal Conservatism
Patriotic Socialism
Theodore Katsanevas None None 0 0
Fighting Socialist Party of Greece
Αγωνιστικό Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας
ASKE
Α.Σ.Κ.Ε.
Centre-Left Democratic socialism
Left-wing nationalism
Nikos Kargopoulos None None 0 0
National Front
Eθνικό Mέτωπο
EM
Ε.Μ.
Far-right Ultranationalism
Greek nationalism
Emmanouil Konstas None None 0 0
National Hope
Εθνική Ελπίδα
EE
E.E.
Right wing
Far-right
National conservatism
Monarchism
Yiorgos Papadopoulos None None 0 0
Greek Ecologists
Έλληνες Οικολόγοι
EO
E.O.
Centre-left Ecologism
Social progressivism
Dimosthenis Vergis None None 0 0
Liberal Party
Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων
KF
Κ.Φ.
Centre Liberalism
Venizelism
Manolis Kalligiannis None None 0 0
Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece
Οργάνωση για την Ανασυγκρότηση του Κομουνιστικού Κόμματος Ελλάδας
OAKKE
Ο.Α.Κ.Κ.Ε.
Far-left Communism
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
Elias Zafiropoulos None None 0 0
Organisation of Internationalist Communists of Greece
Οργάνωση Κομμουνιστών Διεθνιστών Ελλάδας
OKDE
Ο.Κ.Δ.Ε.
Far-left Communism
Trotskyism
None None 0 0
Panhellenic Citizen Chariot
Πανελλήνιο Άρμα Πολιτών
PAP
ΠΑΠ
Centre
Centre-left
Social democracy
Democratic Socialism
Giannis Dimaras None None 0 0

Defunct parties

Parties during the reign of King Otto (1833-1862)

Parties during the reign of King George I (1863-1913)

Parties during the reign of King Constantine I - George II (1913-1924)

Parties during the Second Hellenic Republic (1924-1935)

Parties during the restoration of King George II (1936-1946)

Parties during the reigns of Kings Paul and Constantine II (1946-1973)

Parties during the Third Hellenic Republic (1974-present)

See also

Further reading

References

  1. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Greece", Parties and Elections in Europe, retrieved 15 March 2012.
  2. Giorgos Katsambekis. "Left-wing Populism in the European Periphery: The Case of SYRIZA". academia.edu.
  3. "Russell Brand calls for UK to join Greek revolution after anti-capitalist anti-austerity coalition SYRIZA wins in Athens". The Independent. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  4. Greece: Phase One. Jacobin. 22 January 2015.
  5. Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008), Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, p. 575, The cooperation with the alter-globalization movement shapes the life of the party.
  6. José M. Magone (2003). The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration Into the European Union. Praeger. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-275-97787-0.
  7. Norman Schofield; Gonzalo Caballero (11 June 2011). Political Economy of Institutions, Democracy and Voting. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 320. ISBN 978-3-642-19519-8.
  8. Kalaitzidis, Akis (2009), Europe's Greece: A Giant in the Making, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 29
  9. Robert Thomson (2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making before and after Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8.
  10. Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (2011), "Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece", Journal of Political Ideologies, 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, ...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi).
  11. Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (2006), Reputational Shields: Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe, 1980–2005 (PDF), Nuffield College, University of Oxford, p. 15
  12. Pew Research Center: Rise of Greek nationalist ‘Golden Dawn’ party coincides with Greece’s economic crisis
    • Wodak, Ruth (2015), The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean, Sage, However, Golden Dawn's neo-Nazi profile is clearly visible in the party's symbolism, with its flag resembling a swastika, Nazi salutes and chant of 'Blood and Honour' encapsulating its xenophobic and racist ideology.
    • Vasilopoulou; Halikiopoulou (2015), The Golden Dawn's 'Nationalist Solution', p. 32, The extremist character of the Golden Dawn, its neo-Nazi principles, racism and ultranationalism, as well as its violence, render the party a least likely case of success...
    • Dalakoglou, Dimitris (2013), "Neo-Nazism and neoliberalism: A Few Comments on Violence in Athens At the Time of Crisis", WorkingUSA: The Journal of Labor and Society (16(2)
    • Miliopoulos, Lazaros (2011), "Extremismus in Griechenland", Extremismus in den EU-Staaten (in German), VS Verlag, p. 154, doi:10.1007/978-3-531-92746-6_9, ...mit der seit 1993 als Partei anerkannten offen neonationalsozialistischen Gruppierung Goldene Mörgenröte (Chryssi Avgí, Χρυσή Αυγή) kooperierte... [...cooperated with the openly neo-National Socialist group Golden Dawn (Chryssi Avgí, Χρυσή Αυγή), which has been recognized as a party since 1993...]
    • Davies, Peter; Jackson, Paul (2008), The Far Right in Europe: An Encyclopedia, Greenwood World Press, p. 173
    • Altsech, Moses (August 2004), "Anti-Semitism in Greece: Embedded in Society", Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism (23): 12, On 12 March 2004, Chrysi Avghi (Golden Dawn), the new weekly newspaper of the Neo-Nazi organization of that name, cited another survey indicating that the percentage of Greeks who view immigrants unfavorably is 89 percent.
  13. Μητρόπουλος, Αλέξης Π. Το... μέλλον του ΠΑΣΟΚ [Τhe... future of PASOK], Ελευθεροτυπία, 20 November 2011.
  14. Νταβανέλλος, Αντώνης Η σοσιαλδημοκρατία στην εποχή του σοσιαλφιλελευθερισμού: Ποιο μέλλον έχει το ΠΑΣΟΚ; [Social democracy in the age of social liberalism: What is the future of PASOK?], Διεθνιστική Εργατική Αριστερά, 25 January 2012.
  15. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/08/31/corr-a31.html
  16. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2012/06/kke-j18.html
  17. http://inter.kke.gr/en/aboutKKE/history/
  18. Gideon Rose (2015). Europe's Monetary (Dis)union. Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-87609-638-3.
  19. Michael Kaeding; Niko Switek (2015). Die Europawahl 2014: Spitzenkandidaten, Protestparteien, Nichtwähler. Springer-Verlag. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-658-05738-1.
  20. "Greek election 2015: everything you need to know". The Guardian. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  21. "Venizelos draws battle lines for general elections", Ekathimerini, 15 March 2012
  22. Boyka M. Stefanova (2014). The European Union beyond the Crisis: Evolving Governance, Contested Policies, and Disenchanted Publics. Lexington Books. p. 261. ISBN 978-1-4985-0348-8.
  23. Christian Karner; Bram Mertens (2013). The Use and Abuse of Memory: Interpreting World War II in Contemporary European Politics. Transaction Publishers. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-4128-5203-6.
  24. Mannin, Michael (2013). Evaluating the Europeanization Effect. The Europeanization of European Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 210.
  25. 1 2 "Introducing Popular Unity". Jacobin Magazine. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  26. "Lafazanis: Greek rebel with a eurosceptic cause". EUBusiness. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
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