List of state leaders in 1640

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1640.

Africa

• Kingdom of Dahomey – Dakodonou (1620–1645)
• Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)
• Kingdom of Kongo - Álvaro VI (1636–1641)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Mohammed esh Sheikh es Seghir (1636–1655)

Asia

• China (Ming dynasty) - Chongzhen Emperor (1627–1644)
  • Qing dynasty (Manchu Empire) - Hong Taiji (1626–1643)
• Empire of Japan –
  • Monarch – Meishō (1629–1643)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Hō (1621–1640)
• Joseon (Korea) – Injo (1623–1649)
• Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658)
• Persia – Safi, Shah of Persia (1629–1642)
• Sirmoor State – Mandhata Prakash, Raja of Sirmoor (1630–1654)

Europe

• Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian IV (1588–1648)
• Kingdom of England – Charles I (1625–1649)
• Kingdom of France – Louis XIII (1610–1643)
• Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
  • Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen –
    1. Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
    2. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, rivalling Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
  • Bishopric of Halberstadt – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt (1628–1648)
  • Inner Austria and Lower Austria – Archduke Ferdinand IV (simultaneously Emperor Ferdinand III), Archduke of Inner Austria (1637–1657)
  • Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg – Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
  • Bishopric of Olomouc – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Passau – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
  • Prince-Bishopric of Verden – Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
• Kingdom of Hungary – Ferdinand III (1637–1657)
• Duchy of Mantua – Charles II (1637–1665)
• Duchy of Modena – Francesco I (1629–1658)
• Kingdom of Naples – Philip IV (1621–1665)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  1. Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
  2. İbrahim, Ottoman Sultan (1640–1648)
• Papal States – Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644)
• Duchy of Parma – Odoardo Farnese (1622–1646)
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Władysław IV Vasa (1632–1648)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
  1. Philip III (1621–1640)
  2. John IV (1640–1656)
• Principality of Catalonia – De jure: Philip III (1621–1665), de facto: Pau Claris, President of the Generalitat (1638–1641)
• Duchy of Prussia –
  1. George William (1619–1640)
  2. Frederick William (1640–1688)
• Russia - Michael, Tsar of Russia (1613–1645)
• Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
• Kingdom of Scotland – Charles I (1625–1649)
• Monarchy of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
• Kingdom of Sweden – Christina (1632–1654)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland (1625–1647).
    • Holland – Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
• Republic of Venice - Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (1631–1646)