List of largest hydroelectric power stations

Three Gorges Dam (left), Gezhouba Dam (right)

This article provides a list of the largest hydroelectric power stations by generating capacity. Only plants with capacity larger than 2,000 MW are listed.

The Three Gorges Dam in Hubei, China, has the world's largest instantaneous generating capacity (22,500 MW), with the Itaipu Dam in Brazil/Paraguay in second place (14,000 MW). Despite large differences in installed capacity of these two power stations, during the course of an entire year they generate equal amounts of electrical energy - Itaipu 98.2 TWh in 2012[1] and Three Gorges 98.1 TWh in 2012,[2] because the Three Gorges experiences six months per year when there is very little water available to generate power, while the Paraná River that feeds the Itaipu has a much lower seasonal variance in flow. Power output of the Three Gorges reaches 125 TWh in years of high feed availability.

The Three Gorges (22,500 MW - 32 × 700 MW and 2 × 50 MW) is operated jointly with the much smaller Gezhouba Dam (2,715 MW), the total generating capacity of this two-dam complex is 25,215 MW. The Itaipu on the Brazil–Paraguay border has 20 generator units with overall 14,000 MW of installed capacity, however the maximum number of generating units allowed to operate simultaneously cannot exceed 18 (12,600 MW).

The Jinsha River (the upper stream of Yangtze River) complex is the largest hydroelectric generating system currently under construction. It has three phases. Phase one includes four dams on the downstream of the Jinsha River. They are Wudongde Dam, Baihetan Dam, Xiluodu Dam, and Xiangjiaba Dam, with generating capacity of 10,200 MW, 13,050 MW, 13,860 MW, and 6,400 MW respectively. Phase two includes eight dams on the middle stream of the Jinsha River. The total generating capacity is 21,150 MW. Phase three includes eight dams on the upper stream of the Jinsha River. The total generating capacity is 8,980 MW. The total combined capacity of the Jinsha complex with the Three Gorges complex will be 97,355 MW.

Preliminary plans exist for the construction of the next largest hydroelectric power station with an installed capacity of 39,000 MW.[3] The Project is called Grand Inga and is planned to be realised on the lower Congo River.[4]

Another proposal, Penzhin Tidal Power Plant, presumes an installed capacity up to 87,100 MW.

The largest hydroelectric power stations top the list of the largest power stations of any kind, are among the largest hydraulic structures and are some of the largest artificial structures in the world.

List

Completed

Only operational power stations with an installed capacity of at least 2,000 MW. Some of these may have additional units under construction, but only current installed capacity is listed.

Rank Name Country River Years of completion Installed
capacity
(MW)		 Annual
production
(TW-hour)[5]		 Area
flooded
(km²)
1 Three Gorges Dam  China Yangtze 2008 22,500 98.8[6] 1,084
2 Itaipu Dam  Brazil
 Paraguay 		Paraná 1984/1991, 2003[7] 14,000 98.6[1] 1,350
3 Xiluodu  China Jinsha 2014[8] 13,860[9] 55.2
4 Guri  Venezuela Caroní 1978, 1986 10,235 53.41 4,250
5 Tucuruí  Brazil Tocantins 1984 8,370 41.43 3,014
6 Grand Coulee  United States Columbia 1942/1950, 1973, 1975/1980, 1984/1985[10] 6,809 20[11] 324
7 Xiangjiaba  China Jinsha 2014[12]6,448 30.7 95.6
8 Longtan Dam  China Hongshui 2007/2009 6,426 18.7[13]
9 Sayano–Shushenskaya  Russia Yenisei 1985/1989, 2010/2014[14] 6,400 26.8 621
10 Krasnoyarsk  Russia Yenisei 1972 6,000 15 2,000
11 Nuozhadu  China Mekong 2014[15] 5,850 23.9[16] 320
12 Robert-Bourassa  Canada La Grande 1979/1981 5,616[17][18] 26.5 2,835
13 Churchill Falls  Canada Churchill 1971/1974 5,428[19] 35 6,988
14 Jinping-II  China Yalong 2014 4,800
15 Bratsk  Russia Angara 1967 4,515 22.6 5,470
16 Laxiwa Dam  China Yellow 2010 4,200[20] 10.2
17 Xiaowan Dam  China Mekong 2010 4,200[21] 19 190
18 Ust Ilimskaya  Russia Angara 1980 3,840 21.7
19 Jinping-I  China Yalong 2014 3,600 17 82.5
20 Tarbela Dam  Pakistan Indus 1976 3,478 13 250
21 Ilha Solteira Dam  Brazil Paraná 1973 3,444 17.9 1,195
22 Ertan Dam  China Yalong 1999 3,300 17 101
23 Pubugou Dam  China Dadu 2009/2010 3,300 14.6
24 Macagua  Venezuela Caroní 1961/1996 3,167.5 15.2 47.4
25 Xingó Hydroelectrical Power Plant  Brazil São Francisco 1994/1997 3,162 18.7[22]
26 Yacyretá  Argentina
 Paraguay 		Paraná 1994/1998, 2011 3,100 20.09 1,600
27 Nurek Dam  Tajikistan Vakhsh 1972/1979, 1988 3,015 11.2 98
28 Bath County PSP  United States - 1985, 2004 3,003 3.32
29 Goupitan Dam  China Wu 2009/2011 3,000[23] 9.67 94
30 Guanyinyan Dam  China Jinsha 2014/2016 3,000 13.62
31 Boguchany Dam  Russia Angara 2012/2014 2,997 17.6 2,326
32 W. A. C. Bennett Dam  Canada Peace 1968, 2012 2,730 13.8
33 La Grande-4  Canada La Grande 1986 2,779[18] 765
34 Gezhouba Dam  China Yangtze 1988 2,715 17.01
35 Manic-5 and Manic-5-PA  Canada Manicouagan 1970/1971, 1989/1990 2,656[24] 1,950
36 Volzhskaya (Volgogradskaya)  Russia Volga 1961 2,650[25] 12.84[26]
37 Chief Joseph Dam  United States Columbia 1958/1973/1979 2,620 12.5 34
38 Niagara Falls (US)  United States Niagara1961 2,525 [27]
39 Santo Antonio  Brazil Madeira 2012/2016 2,498.5[28][29] 271
40 Revelstoke Dam  Canada Columbia 1984, 2011 2,480 8.75 115
41 Paulo Afonso IV  Brazil São Francisco 1979/1983 2,462.4[30]
42 Chicoasén (Manuel M. Torres) Dam  Mexico Grijalva 1980, 2005 2,430
43 La Grande-3  Canada La Grande 1984 2,418[18]
44 Zhiguliovskaya (Samarskaya)  Russia Volga 19572,404[31] 11.7[26]
45 Atatürk Dam  Turkey Euphrates 1990 2,400 8.9
46 Jinanqiao Dam  China Jinsha 2010 2,400
47 Sơn La Dam  Vietnam Black 2010/2012 2,400 10.25
48 Bakun Dam  Malaysia Balui 2011 2,400
49 Liyuan Dam  China Jinsha 2014/2015 2,400
50 Guandi Dam  China Yalong2013 2,400
51 Karun III Dam  Iran Karun 2005 2,280 4.17
52 Iron Gates-I  Romania
 Serbia 		Danube 19702,254.8 11.3
53 John Day Dam  United States Columbia 19492,160 8.42
54 Caruachi  Venezuela Caroní 20062,160 12.95
55 Ludila  China Jinsha 2014 [32] 2,160
56 La Grande-2-A  Canada La Grande 1992 2,106[18][33]
57 Aswan  Egypt Nile 1970 2,100 11
58 Itumbiara  Brazil Paranaíba19802,082
59 Hoover Dam  United States Colorado 1936/1939, 1961 2,080 4
60 Cahora Bassa  Mozambique Zambezi1975/1977 2,075
61 Cleuson-Dixence Complex   Switzerland - 1965, 1998 2,069 4.51
62 Bureya Dam  Russia Bureya2003/20092,010 6.59[26]
63 Lijiaxia Dam  China Yellow 1997/20002,000
64 Karun I (Shahid Abbaspour) Dam  Iran Karun 1976, 1995, 20062,000
65 Masjed Soleyman Dam  Iran Karun 2002/20072,000 3.7
66 Ahai Dam  China Jinsha 2014[34]2,000

Under construction

This table lists stations under construction with expected installed capacity at least 2,000 MW.

Name Country River Expected
capacity (MW) 		Expected
completion 		Location
Baihetan  China Jinsha 16,000[35] 2021 28°15′06″N 103°39′34″E / 28.25167°N 103.65944°E / 28.25167; 103.65944 (Baihetan Dam)
Belo Monte  Brazil Xingu 11,233 2019 03°07′27″S 51°42′01″W / 3.12417°S 51.70028°W / -3.12417; -51.70028 (Belo Monte Dam)
Changheba  China Dadu 2,600 2016 30°24′13″N 102°07′07″E / 30.40361°N 102.11861°E / 30.40361; 102.11861 (Changheba Dam)
Dagangshan  China Dadu 2,600 2016 29°26′55″N 102°13′07″E / 29.44861°N 102.21861°E / 29.44861; 102.21861 (Dagangshan Dam)
Dasu Dam  Pakistan Indus River 4,320 2019 35°19′03″N 73°11′36″E / 35.31750°N 73.19333°E / 35.31750; 73.19333 (Dasu Dam)
Diamer-Bhasha Dam  Pakistan Indus River 4,500 2020 35°31′08″N 73°47′10″E / 35.51889°N 73.78611°E / 35.51889; 73.78611 (Diamer-Bhasha Dam)
Ethiopian Renaissance  Ethiopia Blue Nile 6,000 2017 11°12′51″N 35°05′35″E / 11.21417°N 35.09306°E / 11.21417; 35.09306 (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam)
Jirau  Brazil Madeira 3,750[36] 2016 09°15′0″S 64°24′0″W / 9.25000°S 64.40000°W / -9.25000; -64.40000 (Jirau Dam)
Lauca  Angola Cuanza 2,069.5 2018 9°44′34.9″S 15°07′32.2″E / 9.743028°S 15.125611°E / -9.743028; 15.125611 (Lauca Dam)
Lianghekou  China Yalong 3,000 2021 30°09′46″N 101°00′49″E / 30.16278°N 101.01361°E / 30.16278; 101.01361 (Lianghekou Dam)
Maerdang  China Yellow 2,200 2016 34°40′21″N 100°41′32″E / 34.67250°N 100.69222°E / 34.67250; 100.69222 (Maerdang Dam)
Myitsone  Myanmar Irrawaddy 3,600 2017 25°41′23″N 97°31′04″E / 25.68972°N 97.51778°E / 25.68972; 97.51778
Rogun  Tajikistan Vakhsh 3,600 ?? 38°41′03″N 69°46′26″E / 38.68417°N 69.77389°E / 38.68417; 69.77389 (Rogun Dam)
Shuangjiangkou  China Dadu 2,000 2018 31°47′29″N 101°56′03″E / 31.79139°N 101.93417°E / 31.79139; 101.93417 (Shuangjiangkou Dam)
Subansiri  India Subansiri 2,000 2018 27°33′13″N 94°15′31″E / 27.55361°N 94.25861°E / 27.55361; 94.25861 (Subansiri Lower Dam)
TaSang  Myanmar Salween 7,110 2022 20°27′23″N 98°39′0″E / 20.45639°N 98.65000°E / 20.45639; 98.65000
Tocoma  Venezuela Caroní 2,160 2016 27°33′13″N 94°15′31″E / 27.55361°N 94.25861°E / 27.55361; 94.25861 (Tocoma Dam)
Wudongde  China Jinsha 8,700 2020 26°20′02″N 102°37′48″E / 26.33389°N 102.63000°E / 26.33389; 102.63000 (Wudongde Dam)
Ituango  Colombia Cauca 2,400 2018 7°05′03.6″N 75°41′16.8″W / 7.084333°N 75.688000°W / 7.084333; -75.688000 (Hidroituango)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "ENERGY - ITAIPU BINACIONAL".
  2. ↑ "2012年三峡工程建设与运行管理成效十分显著".
  3. ↑ Development of the Grand Inga, retrieved 2010-03-21
  4. ↑ "Africa plans biggest dam project, the Grand Inga", BBC News, 2008-04-21, retrieved 2010-03-21
  5. ↑ Generating capacity is not the only factor determining the amount of electricity generated, as this also depends on consistent utilization of the plant's capacity. Factors enhancing this are the free capacity of the reservoir and the consistency of water supply during and across years.
  6. ↑ "China's Three Gorges dam 'breaks world hydropower record'".
  7. ↑ first unit installed in 1984, 18th in 1991; in 2003 2 additional units were installed
  8. ↑ 2425. "世界第三大水电站溪洛渡水电站机组全部投产--能源--人民网".
  9. ↑ "China's second-largest hydropower station in full operation".
  10. ↑ first unit installed in 1942, 21st in 1991; 6 units in third powerplant were installed between 1975 and 1980, 3 units of pumped-storage plant were installed in 1973, 3 more units in 1983 and 1984
  11. ↑ "Generation Records Fall at Grand Coulee Dam". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from the original on 2006-10-07. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
  12. ↑ 马常艳. "中国第三大水电站向家坝水电站将全部投产发电_中国经济网——国家经济门户".
  13. ↑ "龙滩水电站创世界建设最快纪录--能源--人民网".
  14. ↑ 10 units were installed between 1985 and 1989, after 2009 failure new units were installed between 2010 and 2014
  15. ↑ "云南省最大水电站糯扎渡水电站全面建成投产".
  16. ↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-09/06/c_131832819.htm
  17. ↑ Combined with adjacent La Grande-2-A the LG-2 complex has 7,722 MW of installed capacity
  18. 1 2 3 4 Hydro-Québec (April 2009). Powering Our Future : Annual Report 2008 (pdf). Montreal. p. 125. ISBN 978-2-550-55046-4.
  19. ↑ "Churchill Falls - Nalcor Operations - Nalcor Energy".
  20. ↑ http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n1180/n1226/n2410/n314274/7508740.html
  21. ↑ "小湾电站机组全部投产　我国水电装机突破2亿千瓦".
  22. ↑ ELETROBRAS 2011 Form 20-F
  23. ↑ http://www.hydropower.org.cn/info/shownews.asp?newsid=2122
  24. ↑ Hydro-Québec (2010), Hydroelectric Generating Stations, Montreal: Hydro-Québec, retrieved 2010-08-16
  25. ↑ "Общие сведения".
  26. 1 2 3 "2013".
  27. ↑ Combined US-CA capacity >= 1.6 MW greater than this so would be about 10th place.
  28. ↑ "Geração – Santo Antônio Energia".
  29. ↑ 3,580 MW when all units will be commissioned
  30. ↑ Combined with adjacent Paulo Afonso IV, Paulo Afonso I, II, III and Apollonius Sales the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex has 4,279 MW of installed capacity
  31. ↑ "Общие сведения".
  32. ↑ "鲁地拉水电站事故生态放水孔已封堵--中国水力发电工程学会".
  33. ↑ Combined with Robert-Bourassa, it would place LG-2 complex in 5th place
  34. ↑ "金沙江流域阿海水电站5台机组全部投产_云南网".
  35. ↑ http://www.dongfang.com/data/v/201507/4714.html
  36. ↑ 1,800 MW already installed
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