Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia

Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America
ΦΜΑ
Founded October 6, 1898
New England Conservatory of Music
Type Social
Emphasis Music
Scope  United States
Object "The Object of this Fraternity shall be for the development of the best and truest fraternal spirit; the mutual welfare and brotherhood of musical students; the advancement of music in America and a loyalty to the Alma Mater."
Colors

     Red      Black

     Gold
Flower Chrysanthemum
Publication The Sinfonian
Philanthropy Mills Music Mission
Chapters 248
Headquarters 10600 Old State Road
Evansville, Indiana
U.S.
Homepage Sinfonia.org

Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America (also known as Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, Phi Mu Alpha, or simply Sinfonia) (ΦΜΑ) is an American collegiate social[1] fraternity for men with a special interest in music. The fraternity is open to men "who, through a love for music, can assist in the fulfillment of [its] Object and ideals either by adopting music as a profession, or by working to advance the cause of music in America."[2] Phi Mu Alpha has initiated more than 260,000 members,[3] known as Sinfonians, and the fraternity currently has over 7,000 active collegiate members in 248 collegiate chapters throughout the United States.[4]

Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia was founded as the Sinfonia Club at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts[5] on October 6, 1898, by Ossian Everett Mills, bursar of the conservatory. Exactly two years later, on October 6, 1900, a delegation of members from the Sinfonia Club visited the Broad Street Conservatory of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a group of students there petitioned to form a chapter of the club, thus establishing the organization as a national fraternity. By 1901, two additional chapters had been formed and the 1st National Convention was held in Boston to establish a national constitution.

Phi Mu Alpha operates independently from any of the major governing councils for collegiate fraternities in the United States such as the North-American Interfraternity Conference, though it is a member of other interfraternal organizations such as the Association of Fraternity Advisors, the Fraternity Communications Association, and the National Interfraternity Music Council.[6] Since 1970, Phi Mu Alpha headquarters are located at Lyrecrest, an estate on the northern outskirts of Evansville, Indiana.[7]

Membership in Phi Mu Alpha is divided into four classes: probationary, collegiate, alumni, and honorary. Probationary members are those who are participating in an educational program of between four and 12 weeks in length in preparation for initiation as full, active collegiate members. Collegiate members transfer to alumni membership after they graduate. Honorary membership can be bestowed under guidelines established by the National Constitution.

The fraternity has local, regional, and national levels of governance. The most fundamental local unit is the collegiate chapter chartered at a college or university. Phi Mu Alpha also charters local alumni associations, which are issued to groups of alumni members in a particular geographic area. Chapters and alumni associations are grouped into provinces. A National Executive Committee, elected by a National Assembly at each triennial National Convention, governs the national organization.

Phi Mu Alpha has several identifying symbols, including a membership badge (pin); the colors red, black, and gold; a coat of arms; a flag; and an official flower, the chrysanthemum.

History

Founding

Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia was founded as the Sinfonia Club by Ossian Everett Mills at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts.[5] Ossian Everett Mills, bursar of the conservatory, had been holding devotional meetings with a small group of male students since 1886. Mills was profoundly interested in the physical, mental, moral, and spiritual development of the conservatory's students.[8] Mills sought to encourage the personal development of the young men at the conservatory through wholesome social interaction among them. This led Mills to suggested that the "Old Boys" of the conservatory invite the "New Boys" to a "get acquainted" reception on September 22, 1898. Several of the men who attended the reception began to discuss the possibility of organizing a more permanent social club, and a meeting was planned for October 6, 1898, for that purpose.[8]

The origin of the name "Sinfonia" is attributed to George W. Chadwick, the director of the New England Conservatory at the time the Sinfonia Club was founded. Chadwick was elected as the second honorary member of the club after Ossian Mills, and he suggested the name "Sinfonia" after the name of a student organization he was a member of in Leipzig, Germany.[8] Prior to 1947, the legal corporate name of the fraternity was Sinfonia Fraternity of America, though the Greek letters Phi, Mu, and Alpha had been associated with the fraternity since at least 1904. The delegates to the 29th National Convention in 1946 approved changing the corporate name to Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity of America, which it remains today.[9]

Expansion

The Sinfonia Club became a national fraternity in 1900 with the admission of a group of men at the Broad Street Conservatory of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, under the direction of Gilbert Raynolds Combs. The traditional date given in fraternity resources for the founding of Beta Chapter at Broad Street Conservatory is October 6, 1900.[8] However, while the petitioning letter submitted by the men from Philadelphia is dated October 6, a notation made by Ralph Howard Pendleton, secretary of Alpha Chapter at the New England Conservatory, at the bottom of the letter indicates that the petition was not approved until October 8.[10] Phi Mu Alpha continued to grow and to maintain an emphasis on the development of high character among male musicians through the next two decades. Percy Jewett Burrell, sixth Supreme President (1907–1914),[11] was very influential during the fraternity's early years, both because of his long tenure in office and because of his extensive writing. Burrell wrote many articles calling for members to develop within themselves the noble virtues espoused by the fraternity's exoteric and esoteric teachings.[12]

The professional period

As the fraternity continued to grow in both the number of members and chapters, so did its emphasis on the advancement of music. In 1927, the original Object statement was altered so that "to advance the cause of music in America" was put in a place of prominence.[8] After the American victory in World War II, the young men who returned from battle to re-enter the nation's universities through the benefits of the G.I. Bill were less interested in an organization devoted to upholding noble ideals—ideals that seemed naive given the men's war-time experiences—than they were in the practical matter of finding civilian employment.[8] This, combined with the fact that many of Phi Mu Alpha's national leaders at the time were heavily involved in state and local music educators' professional organizations,[13] led the fraternity to become increasingly concerned with the advancement of its members in the music profession (especially in music education) in addition to the advancement of music in general. The professional period of the fraternity's history culminated in 1970 when its leaders began marketing it as "The Professional Fraternity for Men in Music" and when a new statement of purpose was adopted that began, "The primary purpose of this Fraternity shall be to encourage and actively promote the highest standards of creativity, performance, education, and research in music in America."[8]

Title IX and coed membership

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, enacted on June 23, 1972, prohibits discrimination based on gender in educational programs receiving federal funding. This prohibition extends to professional societies for students enrolled at universities that receive federal funds for student financial aid or other programs. However, social organizations, such as social fraternities and sororities, are specifically exempted. Phi Mu Alpha's initial response to Title IX was to allow chapters, beginning in 1976, to initiate women on a case-by-case basis as universities began questioning Phi Mu Alpha's single sex membership policy.[14] In 1983, the fraternity successfully petitioned for an exemption from Title IX from the U.S. Department of Education on the basis of its historical existence as a social organization,[15] but some members felt that the fraternity should continue as a professional organization and fully embrace a coed membership policy. The issue came to a head at the 45th National Convention in 1985 when the fraternity's National Assembly voted to restore Phi Mu Alpha to its original status as a male-only social fraternity.[15] Despite this action, the fraternity did not change its statement of purpose (now known as the Object) to reflect the change in status until 2003,[8] and it remained a member of the Professional Fraternity Association until 2007.[16]

Into the 21st century

Since its centennial in 1998, Phi Mu Alpha has re-embraced the vision of its founders as an organization devoted primarily to the character development of its members. The aim of the fraternity is to build "musicianly men" into "manly musicians" who will go out into the world and advance the cause of music in their individual fields of influence, whether that be as music professionals, through other professions, or through philanthropy and advocacy in support of the musical arts.[17] The number of collegiate members and active chapters has steadily grown since 2000.[18][19]

National philanthropy

Phi Mu Alpha's national philanthropy is the Ossian Everett Mills Music Mission. Created in 1998, the Mills Music Mission is a modern-day revival of a practice originated by the fraternity's founder, Ossian Everett Mills, in the late 19th century. Mills was organizer of a "Flower Mission" in Boston in which musicians and assistants would go to Boston's hospitals on Christmas and Easter to sing, play music, and give recitations. The activity was referred to as the "Flower Mission" because prior to going to the hospitals the participants would collect flowers from churches after the morning services and distribute them to the patients they visited. The Mills Music Mission was adopted as Phi Mu Alpha official national philanthropy in 2003. The focus of this project is rare among fraternity philanthropies since, instead of raising funds to support a selected charity, the fraternity uses the unique talents and interests of its members to personally interact with and lift the spirits of those in need.[20]

Membership

Probationary

Probationary membership is a prerequisite for initiation as a collegiate member.[21] A man becomes a probationary member by accepting an invitation to membership extended to him by a collegiate chapter and by participating in the fraternity's official Ceremony for Pledging.[22] A chapter may pledge a man as a probationary member if he meets the following requirements:

It is not required that a candidate for probationary membership have an academic major or minor in music or be enrolled in a music course, though most chapters have traditionally had a majority of their members come from the music major ranks of their sheltering institutions.

Probationary members participate in a membership education program for between 4 and 12 weeks.[23] During this program, probationary members learn basic information about the organization such as officer duties, rules, procedures, and traditions, and they are also instructed in the values and ideals of the fraternity. The purpose of the membership education program is to prepare probationary members to assume all of the duties and responsibilities of full membership in the fraternity.[24]

Collegiate

Probationary members who successfully complete the membership education program, who pay the prescribed initiation fee, and who are approved by a vote of the chapter are eligible to become collegiate members through participation in the fraternity's Initiation Ritual.[21] Collegiate members hold voting rights in their respective chapters and may hold fraternity offices specifically reserved for collegiate member. They are also eligible for the many financial assistance programs of the Sinfonia Educational Foundation, such as scholarships, study abroad grants, and travel reimbursement grants for attendance at national fraternity events with educational components. Collegiate members are required to pay national per capita taxes (i.e., dues) to the fraternity, to pay local dues assessed by the chapter, and to attend all chapter meetings and activities.[25]

Unlike most collegiate fraternities, the vast majority of chapters of Phi Mu Alpha do not provide communal housing for their members as a means to accomplish the goals of social development and character building.[1]

Alumni

Upon leaving the chapter's sheltering institution (e.g., through graduation, transfer, etc.), collegiate members may transfer to alumni membership.[26] Faculty and staff members of the sheltering institution who are initiated as collegiate members may transfer to alumni membership at any time.[27] Alumni members retain all the rights and privileges of membership in the fraternity except for voting rights in a collegiate chapter and eligibility to hold offices specifically reserved for collegiate members. Alumni members are under no further financial obligation to the fraternity or to any chapter insofar as they remain members of the fraternity in good standing regardless of financial contributions. However, alumni members are encouraged to make regular contributions to the Sinfonia Educational Foundation,[28] and if an alumni member chooses to join an alumni association he may assume an obligation to pay dues to the association.[29]

Honorary

Chapters may initiate men into honorary membership.[27] Non-Sinfonian candidates must be distinguished male musicians, music educators, or patrons of music, and upon initiation they are considered honorary members of both the chapter and the fraternity.[30] A Sinfonian may be initiated as an honorary member of a chapter for long-standing support and outstanding contributions. The National Executive Committee may initiate men as national honorary members into the honorary Alpha Alpha Chapter.[31] While there is a significant level of prestige that accompanies honorary membership, this class is equivalent to alumni membership with regard to the rights and obligations of membership. It is not possible to confer honorary membership posthumously.

Term of membership

Probationary membership may be terminated by the probationary member through resignation or by the chapter through a retention vote in which the probationary member fails to receive the support of at least three-fourths of the chapter's members.[23] Once initiated, membership in the fraternity is for life. An initiated member may not resign his membership in the fraternity, though he may be suspended or expelled from membership for misconduct.[32] Transfer between collegiate, alumni, and honorary membership is possible as provided for in the fraternity's governing documents.

Transgender Sinfonians

According to the national policy on transgender membership eligibility,[33] an individual must be considered both "legally and medically male" at the time of probationary membership and initiation. The policy further defines "legally" as having a male gender marker on the probationary member's ID (driver's license, state issued non-driver ID, passport, etc..), and "medically" as being designated male by a physician or on medical records. Requirements for transgender men to have their correct gender identity reflected on identification and by medical professionals vary considerably from one jurisdiction to another, in many states gender confirmation surgery is a requirement. This policy is in line with other single-gender music fraternities such as Sigma Alpha Iota.[34]

Once initiated, membership in Phi Mu Alpha is for life. To this end, Sinfonians who were initiated as men and subsequently transition to female retain full membership in the fraternity and are still referred to as Brothers (as are women who were initiated during the fraternity's co-ed period in the late 1970s and early 1980s). Collegiate male to female members may elect to move to alumni status early, however this is not required (and chapter leadership must allow a Brother in this category to continue as an active collegiate member if she is in good standing and wishes to do so). Transgender Female Sinfonians are always welcome in the alumni community and remain bound by the fraternity's Object and Oath of Obligation for life, as are all other alumni Brothers. As a point of comparison, many non-coed Greek letter organizations either terminate membership entirely or move the transgender person into a limited participation or honorary type category, allowing the member to maintain an affiliation and possibly participate in rituals but not most day to day chapter or alumni activities.

Notable members

Main article: List of Sinfonians

Over a century old, Phi Mu Alpha has admitted men from all walks of life, some of whom have achieved notability in fields such as music, television, film, science, government, and literature.

Among these famous Sinfonians are famous composers such as Frank Ticheli, John Philip Sousa and Clifton Williams, television personalities Fred Rogers (of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood) and Andy Griffith, jazz musicians Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Maynard Ferguson, and Cannonball Adderley, rock musician Bo Diddley, Boston Pops conductor Keith Lockhart, philanthropists Andrew Carnegie and George Eastman, politicians including 1948 Presidential candidate Thomas Dewey and New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia, folk singer and actor Burl Ives, tenor Luciano Pavarotti, and American Idol winner Ruben Studdard.[35][36]

Local organization

Collegiate chapters

Phi Mu Alpha has charted 449 collegiate chapters at 445 colleges and universities across the United States in its history, of which 248 are currently active.[37] Alpha Chapter at the founding New England Conservatory was active from 1898 to 1977. It was reactivated in 1991 but subsequently became inactive again in 1995 and remains so today.[38] Delta Chapter at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York was chartered on January 28, 1901[39] and is the oldest continuously active chapter of the fraternity.

Chapters are formed by the granting of charters to petitioning groups at qualified institutions of higher education.[40] The only basic qualification for an institution to house a chapter of Phi Mu Alpha is that it offer a four-year degree in music.[41] Prior to receiving a charter, petitioning groups must seek recognition as a colony. After being recognized as a colony, the petitioning group must complete the fraternity's Colony Program, which consists of numerous activities designed to help the group organize itself as an effective and viable branch of the fraternity.[42] Once chartered, collegiate chapters have the authority to conduct activities in the name of the fraternity for the purpose of furthering its Object.

The fraternity's collegiate chapters participate in a broad range of activities emphasizing brotherhood, service, and music. In addition to purely social activities for the benefit of their members, chapters typically conduct activities such as:

At a minimum, chapters are required to annually sponsor at least one program devoted exclusively to the music of American composers[43] and to celebrate Founder's Day (October 6) and Chapter Day (the chartering date of the chapter).[44] Chapters are also encouraged to meet the requirements of the fraternity's Chapter Citations program, which recognizes chapters annually for achievement in the areas of Chapter Operations, Membership Development, Alumni Relations, Musical Achievement, Province Interaction, Special Projects, and Fraternal Tradition.[45]

Alumni associations

Membership in Phi Mu Alpha is for life. While the core values of the fraternity are taught during probationary and collegiate membership, Sinfonians are expected to live out those values throughout their lives in support of the fraternity's Object. In order to organize its alumni for that purpose, Phi Mu Alpha charters alumni associations. There are currently 19 active alumni associations scattered throughout the United States.[46] As stated in the fraternity's National Constitution,

Alumni associations shall encourage and enable alumni members to retain identity with the Fraternity, shall maintain a continuing spirit of brotherhood among men of music, shall act in support of collegiate chapters, shall engage in or support such musical projects in the community as promote the ideals of the Fraternity, shall aid deserving students of music in whatever way possible, and shall encourage and support local music programs.[47]

Alumni associations may elect to membership any alumni or honorary member of the fraternity in good standing.[48] Membership in an alumni association is voluntary and is not required for an alumnus to remain a member of the fraternity in good standing. Alumni associations cannot initiate men into the fraternity.[49]

The structure and activities of the alumni associations are left almost entirely to their members. Unlike collegiate chapters which must adhere to the fraternity's General Regulations for Collegiate Chapters, alumni associations are free to choose their own governance structures, including what officers they have, how often they hold meetings, etc.[50]

Regional organization

From 1922 to 1948, chapters of Phi Mu Alpha were grouped into regional units called districts that were assigned geographically descriptive names such as "Southern District" and "Northeastern District." Starting in 1949, the districts were replaced by provinces, each of which was given a numerical designation.[51] Since that time, new provinces have been formed by the merging and splitting of former provinces, with province numbers being issued in chronological order. There are currently 38 active provinces, yet the highest-numbered province is Province 40.[52] Province 31, which is made up of the states of Wyoming and Utah, has no active collegiate chapters or alumni associations and is therefore considered inactive.[52] Province 10 was vacated in 1990 and its remaining chapter assigned to Province 7 so that there no longer exists a geographical region with the designation "Province 10".[53]

Each province is led by a Province Governor (PG) who is appointed by the National President and approved by the National Executive Committee.[54] The PG acts as the representative of the National President in all matters pertaining to activities of the collegiate chapters, colonies, and alumni associations in his province.[55] At his discretion, the National President may also appoint a Deputy Province Governor (DPG) for a province.

Each PG is responsible for organizing an annual Province Workshop for the collegiate chapters, colonies, and alumni associations in the province.[55] The Province Workshop usually includes chapter officer training sessions; cooperative province projects; discussion of matters of national, province, and local concern; interaction and communication between chapters; and consideration of other business matters.[56] Insofar as the collective chapters present at the Province Workshop can pass resolutions and conduct other business, the Province Workshop is a form of convention, and each chapter in good standing within the province is entitled to five voting delegates. Colonies and alumni associations do not have voting rights at the Province Workshop.[57]

The only item of business that must be transacted by the voting delegates at each Province Workshop is the election of collegiate members to the offices of Collegiate Province Representative (CPR) and Assistant Collegiate Province Representative (ACPR).[58] The CPR and ACPR serve as representatives of the collegiate membership of their province to the national organization and provide support to the chapters in their province.[59]

A province may choose to establish a province council, which at a minimum would consist of the PG, the CPR, and equal representation from each collegiate chapter in the province. A province council could also include other province officers and representation from any alumni associations in the province. Province councils organize themselves to plan activities and make decisions affecting the welfare of the province, membership education within each chapter, and chapter and alumni association interaction[60]

National organization

National conventions and the National Assembly

The first national convention of Phi Mu Alpha was held April 16–20, 1901, during which the fraternity was officially founded as a national organization and its first national constitution was adopted.[61] From 1901 through 1920, conventions were held annually except in 1906 (scheduled but not held), and 1917–18 (due to World War I). From 1920 through 1964, conventions were held biennially except that no convention was held in 1942 or in 1944 due to World War II.[62] From 1926 to 1948, the majority of national conventions were held simultaneously with those of the Music Teachers National Association (MTNA). Since 1964 national conventions have been held triennially.[62]

National conventions traditionally include seminars on fraternal tradition and leadership, forums with candidates for national office, gala banquets, musical performances by Sinfonian ensembles, and numerous other social events.[63] One of the most important functions of the convention is to facilitate business sessions in order to make changes to the fraternity's governing documents, set national policies, and elect national officers for the following triennium.[64] The delegate body that makes these decisions at the national convention is known as the National Assembly, which consists of the members of the National Executive Committee, the PGs, and the CPRs.[64]

National Conventions of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia[62]
Convention City Date(s)
1st Boston, Massachusetts April 16–20, 1901
2nd Philadelphia, Pennsylvania April 21–23, 1902
3rd Ithaca, New York May 18, 1903
4th Ann Arbor, Michigan May 18, 1904
5th Cincinnati, Ohio May 9–10, 1905
6th Syracuse, New York May, 1906 (scheduled but not held)
7th Boston, Massachusetts May 16, 1907
8th Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 7–9, 1908
9th Syracuse, New York April 15–17, 1909
10th Ithaca, New York May 10–12, 1910
11th Ann Arbor, Michigan June 22–24, 1911
12th Boston, Massachusetts May 29–31, 1912
13th Chicago, Illinois December 29–31, 1913
14th Philadelphia, Pennsylvania November 30 – December 2, 1914
15th Cincinnati, Ohio December 28–30, 1915
16th Cincinnati, Ohio December 28–30, 1916
17th Evanston, Illinois May 29–30, 1919
18th Ann Arbor, Michigan December 21–23, 1920
19th Chicago, Illinois December 29–30, 1922
20th Lincoln, Nebraska December 27–29, 1924
21st Rochester, New York December 29–31, 1926
22nd Evanston, Illinois December 28–29, 1928
23rd St. Louis, Missouri December 29–31, 1930
24th Washington, D.C. December 28–30, 1932
25th Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 26–27, 1934
26th Chicago, Illinois December 30–31, 1936
27th Washington, D.C. December 27–28, 1938
28th Cleveland, Ohio December 29–30, 1940
29th Ann Arbor, Michigan December 27–29, 1946
30th Chicago, Illinois December 28–30, 1948
31st Cincinnati, Ohio July 7–9, 1950
32nd Cincinnati, Ohio July 10–13, 1952
33rd Cincinnati, Ohio July 8–10, 1954
34th Cincinnati, Ohio July 12–14, 1956
35th Cincinnati, Ohio July 10–12, 1958
36th Cincinnati, Ohio July 7–9, 1960
37th Cincinnati, Ohio July 19–21, 1962
38th St. Louis, Missouri July 16–18, 1964
39th Chicago, Illinois June 28–30, 1967
40th Interlochen, Michigan July 10–12, 1970
41st Interlochen, Michigan July 13–16, 1973
42nd Evansville, Indiana July 9–11, 1976
43rd Evansville, Indiana July 13–15, 1979
44th Urbana, Illinois July 15–18, 1982
45th Atlanta, Georgia August 7–11, 1985
46th Kansas City, Missouri August 10–14, 1988
47th New Orleans, Louisiana August 7–11, 1991
48th St. Louis, Missouri August 10–14, 1994
49th Cincinnati, Ohio July 23–27, 1997
50th Dallas, Texas August 9–13, 2000
51st Washington, D.C. July 15–20, 2003
52nd Cleveland, Ohio July 19–23, 2006
53rd Orlando, Florida July 15–19, 2009
54th Orlando, Florida July 11–15, 2012
55th New Orleans, Louisiana July 8–12, 2015

National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee (NEC) is Phi Mu Alpha's primary governing body. Its powers and duties include:

The members of the NEC are the National President, the National Vice President, two committeemen-at-large, a National Collegiate Representative (NCR), the Chairman of the Province Governors' (PGs') Council, and the Chairman of the Collegiate Province Representatives' (CPRs') Council.[66] Each of these officers holds office for three years except for the committeemen-at-large who hold staggered terms of six years each, one being elected every three years.[67] The officers are elected by the National Assembly at each national convention, except that the PG's Council and the CPR's Council elect their own chairmen in caucus meetings at the national convention.[67]

The National Executive Committee

The Current National Executive Committee of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia[68]
Position Name Initiating chapter, year Term
National President Mark R. Lichtenberg Delta Nu, 1993 2015–2018
National Vice President K. Dean Shatley II Rho Tau, 1993 2015–2018
Committeeman-At-Large Joe Ritchie Zeta Tau, 1987 2012–2018
Committeeman-At-Large Matthew R. Koperniak Epsilon Lambda, 1999 2015–2021
Chair of PG's Council John M. Israel Pi Zeta, 2001 2015–2018
Chair of CPR's Council E. Grant Haver Rho Omicron, 2010 2015–2018
National Collegiate Representative Benjamin E. Hutchison Gamma Omega, 2010 2015–2018
Supreme/National Presidents of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia[69]
Name Initiating chapter, year Years in office
Ossian Everett Mills Alpha, 1898 1901–1902
Gilbert Raynolds Combs Beta, 1900 1902–1903
George C. Williams Delta, 1903 1903–1904
Ossian Everett Mills Alpha, 1898 1904–1905
Winthrop S. Sterling Eta, 1901 1905–1907
Percy Jewett Burrell Alpha, 1899 1907–1914
Gilbert Raynolds Combs Beta, 1900 1914–1915
F. Otis Drayton Alpha, 1912 1915–1918
Burleigh E. Jacobs Epsilon, 1914 1918–1919
Chester R. Murray Zeta, 1909 1919–1920
Justin E. Williams Alpha, 1914 1920–1922
Peter W. Dykema Phi, 1921 1922–1928
Aubrey W. Martin Alpha Theta, 1923 1928–1932
James Thomas Quarles Delta, 1924 1932–1936
Herbert Kimbrough Chi, 1921 1936–1938
Norval Church Phi, 1923 1938–1942
Alvah A. Beecher Alpha Lambda, 1925 1942–1946
Albert Lukken Alpha Chi, 1927 1946–1950
Archie N. Jones Alpha Mu, 1929 1950–1960
William B. McBride Omega, 1928 1960–1964
Harry Robert Wilson Tau, 1924 1964–1967
Carl M. Neumeyer Gamma Delta, 1938 1967–1970
Robert C. Soule Beta Gamma, 1944 1970–1973
J. Eugene Duncan Epsilon Nu, 1950 1973–1976
Lucien P. Stark Alpha Beta, 1947 1976–1979
Emile H. Serposs Beta Gamma, 1944 1979–1982
Maurice I. Laney Beta Iota, 1940 1982–1985
William B. Dederer Rho Chi, 1967 1985–1988
T. Jervis Underwood Gamma Theta, 1954 1988–1991
Robert L. Hause III Epsilon, 1955 1991–1994
Richard A. Crosby Eta-Omicron, 1975 1994–1997
Terry Blair Beta Mu, 1979 1997–2000
Darhyl S. Ramsey Lambda Omega, 1967 2000–2003
Richard A. Crosby Eta-Omicron, 1975 2003–2009
John A. Mongiovi Upsilon Psi, 1994 2009–2015
Mark R. Lichtenberg Delta Nu, 1993 2015–Present

Other national officers

The corporate officers of the fraternity in addition to the National President and National Vice President are the National Secretary-Treasurer and the National Historian.[70] The National Secretary-Treasurer is designated by the NEC from among its members. The NEC may also designate an Assistant Secretary-Treasurer from among its member or among the members of the national staff who is empowered to fulfill all of the duties of the National Secretary-Treasurer.[71] The National Historian is appointed by the National President subject to ratification by the NEC.[72]

National Council

As established by the fraternity's first national constitution, the highest governing body within the fraternity was known as the Supreme Governing Council, the members of which were the supreme (national) officers and one supreme councilman from each chapter, usually its president.[73] This was the body that conducted business at each national convention, and it could also conduct business by mail ballot between conventions if necessary. The fraternity moved to the present National Assembly format with delegates being the members of the NEC, the PGs, and one collegiate member from each province (now the CPR) in 1964 at the same time that it moved from biennial to triennial conventions. The National Council as a governing body was retained, but only for actions required between conventions that are outside the jurisdiction of the National Executive Committee (e.g., amending the National Constitution).[74] The National Council in its present form consists of the members of the NEC, the PGs, and the president or his designee of each collegiate chapter.[75]

Province Governors' and Collegiate Province Representatives' Councils

The PGs and the CPRs organize themselves into respective councils for the purposes of advising the NEC on the operations of the fraternity and facilitating communication among themselves. Each council elects a chairman and a secretary during caucus meetings at each national convention. The chairman of each council serves as a member of the NEC, and the secretary assumes the chairmanship should it become vacant.[76][77] The chairmen and the secretaries of the CPRs' and PGs' Councils hold their positions until the next national convention, even if they cease to be a Province Governor or Collegiate Province Representative.[67]

The CPRs' Council meets from December 27–31 of each year, and the PGs' Council meets during the summer of each non-convention year. These meetings are referred to as convocations and are usually held at Lyrecrest. At the convocations, the chairmen conduct training sessions for the members of their respective councils, facilitate discussions about topics of concern regarding the fraternity, and chair business sessions for the purpose of adopting formal resolutions recommending actions to the NEC. In convention years, members of the PG's Council arrive at the national convention site a day early for a brief meeting to prepare for their duties as members of the National Assembly but a full convocation is not held.

Commission on Standards

The Commission on Standards (COS) is the only national standing committee required under Phi Mu Alpha's National Constitution.[78] The COS has three primary areas of responsibility.

The COS is responsible for all aspects of the fraternity's Colony Program, including establishing the guidelines of the program, approving petitioning groups for colony status, and approving applications for chapter installation or reactivation that are submitted by colonies. For good cause, the COS may dissolve a colony at any time.[78][79]

The COS also oversees the operational well-being of chapters and alumni associations. If a chapter or alumni association is not meeting certain standards, the COS may take corrective actions.[80] Should such actions fail, the COS may place a chapter or alumni association on inactive status.[81][82]

Additionally, the COS serves as the fraternity's national judiciary. It enforces national policies, especially the fraternity's Risk Management Policies, by conducting investigations into alleged violations and imposing disciplinary actions on individual members, chapters, or alumni associations as it deems appropriate. The COS may also discipline individual members, chapters, and alumni associations for general misconduct that is harmful to the best interests or good name of the fraternity.[83] All disciplinary actions taken by the COS are appealable to the NEC.[84]

Members of the COS are appointed for three-year terms by the National President subject to ratification by the NEC. The COS must include in its membership at least one Province Governor and at least one collegiate member, though these statuses must only be held at the time of appointment and not for the entire term. A member of the NEC is also appointed to serve as a non-voting member of the COS.[85]

National headquarters and staff

Lyrecrest, Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia's National Headquarters

Phi Mu Alpha is headquartered in a converted house located at 10600 Old State Road in Evansville, Indiana known as Lyrecrest. The headquarters contains the working offices of the fraternity's national staff, and an adjacent building known as Lyrecrest North contains the fraternity's national museum and archives. The national headquarters property also includes the Robert H. Bray Cottage, a lodge-style building with 24 beds used for housing for retreats and national committee meetings.[86]

The national staff is led by an Executive Director, with Edward A. Klint currently holding that position.[87] The other full-time staff members are:

Sinfonia Educational Foundation

The Sinfonia Educational Foundation (SEF) is the philanthropic arm of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity. The mission of the SEF is to enrich the lives of collegiate Sinfonians and to advance music in America by supporting scholarship, education, and the development of leadership and noble ideals among future generations of musicians and supporters of music in America.[88]

Insignia and symbols

Membership pins

The essential design of Phi Mu Alpha's official membership pin was adopted at the 1st National Convention in 1901. The design consisted of an upward-pointing equilateral triangle with a gold old-English S on a field of black enamel, surrounded by twelve pearls and six rubies. The pattern of the jeweling was three pearls at each tip, with two rubies separated by one pearl on each side.[89] The design was modified slightly in 1910 by reducing the size of the old-English S to allow room for the Greek letters Φ, Μ, and Α, with Φ in the top corner, Μ in the lower left corner, and Α in the lower right corner.[90] This design remains in use today, though garnets are used instead of rubies.[91] The official membership pin is only worn by initiated members of the fraternity (collegiate, alumni, or honorary).

Probationary members are required to wear a special probationary membership pin "at all reasonable times".[92] The design of the probationary membership pin is an upward-pointing equilateral triangle of black enamel surrounded by a border of red enamel, with a thin gold border separating the red and black enamel and another thin gold border around the outside of the pin surrounding the red enamel.[93]

Colors

The official colors of Phi Mu Alpha are red, black, and gold.[94] The Sinfonia Club adopted the colors red and black on March 7, 1900, and used them as the color motif of the decorations for its first club room[95] As a national fraternity, Phi Mu Alpha adopted red and black as its official colors at its 1st National Convention in 1901.[89] Gold was adopted as the third color of the fraternity at the 10th National Convention in 1910[96]

Flower

Phi Mu Alpha's official flower is the chrysanthemum, adopted at the 1st National Convention in 1901.[89]

White chrysanthemums.

Coat of arms

Phi Mu Alpha's coat of arms was adopted at the 10th National Convention in 1910.[96] The escutcheon (shield) consists of a red saltire (or Saint Andrew's Cross) on a field of gold. Centered is a symbol similar to the fraternity's membership pin, though differing in that instead of 7 red and white circles/stones along each side of the triangle, there are 13 monochromatic circles along each side. The saltire divides the escutcheon into four sections. In the dexter section (bearer's right or viewer's left) are clasped hands, in the sinister section (bearer's left or viewer's right) are panpipes, and in the base section (bottom) is a lamp. The chief section (top) contains no charge but the point of the centered triangular symbol crosses into it. Two fanfare trumpets crossing behind the escutcheon with the bells at the top and mouthpieces at the bottom serve as supporters. Above the escutcheon is decorative mantling and a lyre as the crest. Below is a scroll divided into three sections by the leadpipes of the fanfare trumpets. In the center section is the word Sinfonia, and the left and right sections display the numbers 18 and 98, respectively, representing the founding year of the fraternity: 1898.

Flag

The official fraternity flag consists of a red field with the coat of arms centered on a wide black diagonal stripe extending from the upper hoist to the lower fly.[97]

Publications

In addition to the numerous manuals, guides, and policy documents produced by the fraternity, Phi Mu Alpha has issued the following major publications:

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 "Sinfonia's Classification." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 National Constitution, Article II, Section Two.
  3. 1 2 "About Us." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  4. ↑ "Founder's Day 2016". Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  5. 1 2 Brown (1920), p. 572.
  6. ↑ "Information Regarding Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia's August 13, 2007, Withdrawal From PFA." sinfonia.org; retrieved 2009-05-03.
  7. ↑ Themes for Brotherhood, p. 31.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "A Brief History of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  9. ↑ Underwood (2000), pp. A5.2–3.
  10. ↑ "Broad Street Conservatory's Petition to the Alpha Chapter." Sinfonia Resonance 1(5). Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  11. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. B.2.
  12. ↑ "Writings." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  13. ↑ Mongiovi, John Alan (1997). The Changing Scope of the SINFONIA's Mission, pp. 15–25.
  14. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. 6.17.
  15. 1 2 Underwood (2000), p. 7.15.
  16. ↑ "Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Withdraws from Professional Fraternity Association." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  17. ↑ Mongiovi, John A. (2002). Above All For Brotherhood: The Role of Fraternalism in the Advancement of Music in America.
  18. ↑ "Stakeholder's Report: Fiscal Year 2005." The Red & Black 22(2), p. 6c.
  19. ↑ "Stakeholder's Report: Fiscal Year 2008." The Red & Black 25(3), p. 6c.
  20. ↑ "Mills Music Mission." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03
  21. 1 2 National Constitution, Article II, Section Five.
  22. ↑ General Regulations for Collegiate Chapters, Article III, Section One.
  23. 1 2 National Constitution, Article II, Section Four.
  24. ↑ General Regulations for Collegiate Chapters, Article III, Section Three.
  25. ↑ National Constitution, Article II, Section Eleven.
  26. ↑ National Constitution, Article II, Section Six.
  27. 1 2 General Regulations for Collegiate Chapters, Article VII, Section One.
  28. ↑ "The Advocates Of Tomorrow." The Sinfonian 57(1), 2008. pp. 14–15.
  29. ↑ Alumni Association Resource Guide. p. 4.
  30. ↑ Guide to Awards, p. 1.
  31. ↑ Guide to Awards, p. 10.
  32. ↑ National Constitution, Article II, Section Thirteen.
  33. ↑ "Policy on Transgender Membership Eligibility - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia".
  34. ↑ http://www.sai-national.org/home/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=2bOLILh4Dyc%3D&tabid=235
  35. ↑ Themes for Brotherhood, pp. 59–61.
  36. ↑ "Brother Idol: Ruben Studdard." The Sinfonian 52(1), 2004. pp. 6–11.
  37. ↑ "Fraternity Leadership." sinfonia.org; retrieved 2013-10-25.
  38. ↑ "Collegiate Chapters: Massachusetts." sinfonia.org. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
  39. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. A.1
  40. ↑ National Constitution, Article XII, Section Two.
  41. ↑ Guide to the Colony Program, p. 4.
  42. ↑ Guide to the Colony Program, p. 6.
  43. ↑ National Constitution, Article XII, Section Eight.
  44. ↑ National Constitution, Article XII, Section Nine.
  45. ↑ Citation Report Forms, sinfonia.org; retrieved 2009-05-03.
  46. ↑ "Area Alumni Associations", sinfonia.org; retrieved 2012-07-03.
  47. ↑ National Constitution, Article XIV, Section One.
  48. ↑ National Constitution, Article XIV, Section Five.
  49. ↑ National Constitution, Article II, Section Three.
  50. ↑ Alumni Association Resource Guide, p. 1.
  51. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. C1.
  52. 1 2 "Province Officers." sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-03.
  53. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. C9.
  54. ↑ National Constitution, Article IX, Section One.
  55. 1 2 National Constitution, Article IX, Section Four.
  56. ↑ National Constitution, Article XX, Section Three.
  57. ↑ National Constitution, Article XX, Section Two.
  58. ↑ National Constitution, Article X, Section One.
  59. ↑ National Constitution, Article X, Section Three.
  60. ↑ National Constitution, Article VIII, Section Two.
  61. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. 1.10.
  62. 1 2 3 Themes for Brotherhood, p. 30.
  63. ↑ Themes for Brotherhood, p. 29.
  64. 1 2 Themes for Brotherhood, p. 28.
  65. ↑ National Constitution, Article IV, Section Eleven.
  66. ↑ National Constitution, Article IV, Section One.
  67. 1 2 3 National Constitution, Article IV, Section Four.
  68. ↑ "National Exec Committee". Sinfonia.org. Retrieved July 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  69. ↑ Underwood (2000), pp. B.1–10.
  70. ↑ National Constitution, Article III, Section One.
  71. ↑ National Constitution, Article III, Section Three.
  72. ↑ National Constitution, Article III, Section Four.
  73. ↑ Underwood (2000), p. 1.11.
  74. ↑ National Constitution, Article VII, Section Two.
  75. ↑ National Constitution, Article VII, Section One.
  76. ↑ National Constitution, Article IX, Section Five.
  77. ↑ National Constitution, Article X, Section Five.
  78. 1 2 National Constitution, Article V, Section Four.
  79. ↑ Guide to the Colony Program, pp. 4–11.
  80. ↑ National Constitution, Article XIII, Section Eight.
  81. ↑ National Constitution, Article XIII, Section Nine.
  82. ↑ National Constitution, Article XIV, Section Nine.
  83. ↑ National Constitution, Articles XV & XVI.
  84. ↑ National Constitution, Article XXIII.
  85. ↑ National Constitution, Article V, Section One.
  86. ↑ Guide to the Lyrecrest Retreat Program, sinfonia.org. Retrieved on 2014-11-08.
  87. ↑ National Staff. Accessed December 17, 2015.
  88. ↑ "The Sinfonia Educational Foundation". sinfonia.org. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  89. 1 2 3 Underwood (2000), pp. 1.10 & A.1.
  90. ↑ Underwood (2000), pp. 2.4 & A.3.
  91. ↑ "Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Online Store". hjgreek.com; retrieved 2009-05-03.
  92. ↑ General Regulations for Collegiate Chapters, Article V, Section One.
  93. ↑ "Probationary Membership Pin". sinfoniastore.org; retrieved 2009-05-03.
  94. ↑ Brown (1920), p. 573.
  95. ↑ Underwood (2000), pp. 1.7 & A.1.
  96. 1 2 Underwood (2000), pp. 2.9 & A.3.
  97. ↑ "Official Fraternity Flag". sinfoniastore.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-25.
  98. 1 2 3 "Communications." sinfonia.org. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
  99. ↑ "Themes for Brotherhood". sinfoniastore.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-25.
  100. ↑ "Centennial Songbook". sinfoniastore.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-25.
  101. ↑ "A Centennial History, 2nd Edition". sinfoniastore.org. Retrieved on 2009-05-25.
  102. ↑ Sinfonia Resonance Volume One, Issue Six, accessed April 5, 2012.

References

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