Porkkala Naval Base

Not to be confused with Hanko Naval Base.

Porkkala Naval Base was an Soviet naval base during 1944–1956 in the town of Kirkkonummi at the Porkkala peninsula which is located only 30 kilometers (19 mi) from Helsinki, the Finnish capital.

The area was leased to the Soviet Union according to the 1944 signed Moscow Armistice[1] between Finland, Soviet Union and United Kingdom. The area was returned to Finland in 1956, and currently hosts a Finnish naval base Upinniemi.

Porkkala Naval Base location on an map

History

At the end of the Second World War the Soviet Union secured the rights of lease to a naval base at Porkkala, in accordance with the Moscow armistice agreement that ended the Continuation War, between Finland and the Soviets on September 19, 1944. Porkkala thus replaced the peninsula of Hanko, which had been leased to the Soviets as a naval base in 1940–41. A large area centered on the peninsula, including land from the municipalities of Kirkkonummi, Siuntio and Ingå and almost the entire area of Degerby, was leased to the USSR from 29 September 1944, ten days after the armistice.[2] It was immediately placed under a military commander, Neon Vasilyevich Antonov (1907–1948), who remained in office till June 1945, when he was transferred to command the Amur River flotilla, in preparation for the war against Japan.[3]

According to the armistice of 1944, the area was leased to the Soviet Union for 50 years. On February 10, 1947, the Paris peace treaty reaffirmed the Soviet Union's right to occupy this area until 1994.

No Soviet civilian administration was set up, the USSR simply administered it through the military commander of Porkkala, a post held until 26 January 1956 by Sergey Ivanovich Kabanov (1901–1973), the former Commander of Hanko naval base.

While under Soviet control, Finnish passenger trains running between Helsinki and Turku were allowed to use the line through the area. However all train windows had to be closed with shutters, and photography was prohibited.[4]

Although the Soviet lease for Porkkala had been conceded for 50 years, an agreement was reached to return it earlier. The agreement was signed on September 19, 1955, exactly 11 years after the armistice, and control of the area was handed back to Finland on January 26, 1956. This may be attributed to the process of Finlandization and to technological progress making coastal artillery obsolete, but the renunciation of Stalinism by the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev and the fact that Finland had undertaken to adopt neutrality and so remain out of NATO were also important contributing factors.

At present, the Porkkala area houses one of the main bases of the Finnish Navy, located in Upinniemi, near Porkkala proper.

Porkkala Naval Base border post

References

  1. ↑ http://heninen.net/sopimus/1944_e.htm
  2. ↑ "Sixty years ago: Parliament within range of Soviet guns". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013.
  3. ↑ Антонов Неон Васильевич
  4. ↑ The iron curtain comes down, and "the world's longest railway tunnel" is created (HELSINGIN SANOMAT)

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