Post–World War II air-to-air combat losses

The last moments of a U.S. Air Force recon C-130 Hercules in gun camera of the Soviet MiG-17. 1958.

Gun camera sequence photos showing a North Vietnamese MiG-17 being hit and shot down by 20 mm shells from a U.S. Air Force F-105D Thunderchief during the Vietnam War.

Nguyễn Văn Cốc, the most successful pilot of the Vietnam War. He shot down 11 aircraft^[1]

Air-to-air combat is the engagement of flying machines in warfare in which one or more aircraft tries to destroy one or more other aircraft. The Korean War saw the greatest amount of air-to-air combat since World War II. During the war the United States claimed to have shot down around 700 fighters.^{[A 1][3]} After the war the USAF reviewed its figures in an investigation code-named Sabre Measure Charlie and downgraded the kill ratio of the North American F-86 Sabre against the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 by half from 14:1 to 7:1.^[3] One of the factors inflating US numbers was that most dogfights took place over enemy-controlled area. The only way to confirm kills was through gun camera photography. USAF pilots were credited with a kill if the gun camera showed their guns striking the enemy aircraft even if no one actually saw it go down.^[4] However, Soviet kill claims were also highly exaggerated, based upon inherent flaws in their film grading procedures. For instance, the S-13 gun camera was not aligned with either the gunsight or either cannons' ballistics. It ran only while the firing buttons were depressed. Film graders commonly included unit commanders and political commisars who would confirm a "kill"—sometimes even if one had not been claimed by a pilot—when the camera's crosshairs touched the target for two movie frames. During the first 16 months of combat Soviet V-VS units claimed 218 F-86s destroyed when only 36 (35 to the two elite IADs and one to the 50th IAD) had been lost. This results in a 600 per cent inflation rate in victory credits over actual Sabres destroyed.

The Vietnam War saw a move away from cannon fire to air-to-air missiles.^[5] Although US forces maintained air supremacy throughout the war, there were still occasional dogfights and several US aces. The North Vietnamese side claimed the Vietnam People's Air Force had 17 aces throughout the war, including Nguyen Van Coc, who is also the top ace of Vietnam War with nine kills: seven manned aircraft and two UAVs.

During the 1947 conflict over Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian Air Force did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops.^[6] The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was the first time the Indian Air Force actively engaged an enemy air force.^[7] By the time the conflict had ended, India lost between 65 and 75 aircraft and Pakistan lost between 20 and 43.^[8][9] The Indian Air Force lost 45 aircraft during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 and the Pakistani Air Force lost 75 aircraft.^[10]

During the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–88, there were nearly 1,000 air-to-air engagements between Iran and Iraq, including the only known instances of helicopters dogfighting and shooting down other helicopters.^[11] The Falklands War of 1982 witnessed air combat between Argentine and British military aircraft. The Falkland Islands' runways were short and thus unable to support fighter jets, forcing Argentina to launch fighters from the mainland, which had an adverse effect on their loiter time. The Argentine forces lost 23 aircraft in air-to-air combat, out of a total of 134 fixed wing aircraft and helicopters lost during the conflict. During the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War 33 of Iraq's 750 fixed wing aircraft were claimed as downed (23 were confirmed), compared to 14 coalition aircraft claimed as downed (the loss of one coalition F/A-18 Hornet is confirmed).^[12][13]

Aircraft lost to air-to-air combat

Conflict	Air Force	Aircraft lost to air-to-air combat	Reference
US incursions into Yugoslav airspace (1946)	US Air Force	2–4[A 2]	[14][15][16][17]
Indonesian National Revolution	Royal Indian Air Force	2	[18]
Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949)	Royal Air Force	5	[19]
	Israeli Air Force	7 (Arab claim); 0–1 (Israeli claim)	[20][21][22][23]
	Egypt Air Force	15	[20]
	Syrian Air Force	2	[20]
Korean War (1950–1953)[A 3]	PLAAF	379 (Chinese claim); 792 (US claim)[A 4]	[24][25]
	North Korean Air Force	270 (US claim)
	US Aircraft	78 (US claim)	[24]
	UN Coalition Aircraft	1,097 (Soviet claim), 139 (UN claim)[A 5]	[26]
	South Korean Air Force	135
US incursions into Soviet airspace (1950–1970)	US Aircraft	16	[A 6]
	Soviet Air Defence Forces	3	[A 7]
Catalina affair	Swedish Air Force	2
Avro Lincoln shoot down incident	Royal Air Force	1	[27]
Air battle over Merklín	USAFE	1	[28]
Bombing of Plaza de Mayo (1955)	Argentine Naval Aviation	1	[29]
Suez Crisis	Egyptian Air Force	7–9	[30]
	Israeli Air Force	1	[31]
Secret electronic surveillance missions	US Navy	2	[32]
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis[A 8]	PLAAF	32 (Taiwanese claim); 5 (Chinese claim)	[33]
	Air Force of Taiwan	14 (Chinese claim); 3 (Taiwanese claim)	[34]
Vietnam War (1959–1975)[A 9]	Vietnam Air Force	131 (North Vietnam claim); 195 (US claim)	[35][36]
	US Aircraft	89[A 10]	[37]
	South Vietnam Air Force	72	[36]
Indian aerial photo reconnaissance of Pakistani territory	Indian Air Force	1	[38]
Taiwanese incursion into Burma airspace	Air Force of Taiwan	1	[16]
Dutch–Indonesian Conflict	Indonesian Air Force	1	[39]
Project Dark Gene (1960–79)	Soviet Air Force	1	[40][41]
	Imperial Iranian Air Force	6	[40][42][43][44]
Bay of Pigs Invasion	Brigade 2506	10 (Confirmed)	[45]
Six-Day War	Israeli Air Force	20	[21][22][46]
	Egypt Air Force Syrian Air Force Royal Jordanian Air Force	64–72[A 11]	[47][48]
Indo-Pakistan War of 1965	Indian Air Force	60–75	[49]
	Pakistan Air Force	20-45	[9]
War of Attrition	Egypt Air Force	60 (Egyptian claim);113 (Israeli claim)	[47]
	Israeli Air Force	30	[50]
Football War[A 12]	Air Force of El Salvador	3	[51]
Indo-Pakistan War of 1971	Indian Air Force	45 (neutral claim)	[52][53][54]
	Pakistan Air Force	75(neutral claim)	[55]
Turkish invasion of Cyprus	Turkish Air Force	1 (Greek claim)	[56]
Yom Kippur War	Israeli Air Force	5 (Israeli claim)	[23]
	Egypt Air Force Syrian Air Force	277 (Israeli claim)	[23]
Libyan–Egyptian War (1977)	Libyan Air Force	4–5	[57]
	Egyptian Air Force	1	[57]
Iranian and Soviet airspace incursions (1970s)	Imperial Iranian Army Aviation + IIAF	2[A 13] + 3	[44][58][59]
	Soviet Air Forces	1	[60]
Soviet war in Afghanistan	Afghan National Army Air Corps	8	[61]
	Pakistan Air Force	1	[61]
	Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation	2[A 14]	[62]
	Mojahedin	4	[63]
Nicaraguan Revolution	Nicaraguan Air Force	2	[64]
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)	Iraqi Aircraft	234 (confirmed)	[65][66]
	Iranian Aircraft	73 (confirmed)	[67]
	Soviet Air Forces	3 (Iranian claim); 0 (Soviet claim)	[68][69]
	Syrian Air Force	3	[70]
	Algerian Government Aircraft	1	[70]
	Turkish Air Force	1	[71]
South African Border War	South African Air Force	1	[72]
	National Air Force of Angola	2	[72]
US Freedom of Navigation operations in Gulf of Sidra (1980–1989)	Libyan Air Force	4	[73]
Salvadoran Civil War	FMLN supply aircraft	1	[74]
Falklands War	Argentine Naval Aviation/Argentine Air Force	23	[75]
	Army Air Corps	1	[76]
1982 Lebanon War	Syrian Air Force	82–86 (Israeli claim)	[77][78][79]
	Israeli Air Force	1 (Israeli claim); 42 (Syrian claim); 3 (ACIG claim)	[80][81][82]
Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009)	Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam	1	[83]
Tanker War (1984–1988)	Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force	1–2 (Saudi claim)	[84][85]
Persian Gulf War (1990–1991)	United States Navy	1 (US claim); 11 (Iraqi claim)	[12][13]
	Royal Air force	1	[86]
	Italian Air Force	1	[87]
	Royal Saudi Air Force	1	[88]
	Iraqi Air Force	23 (Iraqi claim); 44 (Coalition claim)	[12][13]
Iraqi no-fly zones enforcement	US Aircraft	3[A 15]	[89]
	Iraqi Air Force	5
Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)	Italian Army	1[A 16]	[90]
1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts	Bolivarianos	3	[91]
Operation Deny Flight	Republika Srpska Air Force	5	[92]
Cenepa War (1995)	Peruvian Air Force	1 (confirmed), 2 (Ecuadorian claim)	[93]
Aegean dispute (1996)	Turkish Air Force	1	[94]
Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)	Eritrean Air Force	2–6	[95]
	Ethiopian Air Force	Up to 7	[96][97]
Operation Allied Force	Yugoslav Air Force	5 + 1 heavily damaged, later destroyed on the ground	[98]
	NATO Air Force	1 + 1 Tomahawk	[99][100]
Atlantique incident	Pakistan Navy	1	[101]
2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff	Indian Air Force	1[A 17]	[102][103]
Iran–Israel proxy conflict	Hezbollah UAVs	2	[104][105]
2008 Georgian spy plane shootdowns	Georgian Air Force	1	[106][107]
Iraq War (2003–2011)	Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force	1[A 18]	[108]
War in Afghanistan	United States Air Force	1[A 19]	[109]
Syrian Civil War	Syrian Air Force	3	[110][111][112][113]
	Russian Air Force	1	[114]
War in Donbass	Ukrainian Air Force	1 (Ukrainian claim)	[115]
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt	Peace at Home Council	2	[116]

See also

• Project Dark Gene
• Air-to-air combat losses between the USSR and US
• List of airliner shootdown incidents

Footnotes

1. During the Korean War experienced Soviet pilots flew against USAF forces.^[2]
2. First shootdowns of "cold war".
3. First combat instance of a jet shooting down a jet happened during this war.
4. Differences in numbers is attributed to Soviet vs US claims of planes shot down
5. Soviet claim of planes shot down
6. See the US Soviet air-to-air combat article
7. See the Air-to-air combat losses between the USSR and US article
8. First combat use of guided air-to-air missiles occurred during this war.
9. First combat instance of a manned aircraft shooting down a UAV happened during this war.
10. Numbers include losses of unmanned aircraft and unconfirmed losses
11. Numbers include unconfirmed losses
12. The last war in which piston-engined fighter planes fought each other.
13. In 1978, a Soviet Mig-23 Flogger intercepted 4 Iranian CH-47 Chinook helicopters over Karakum Canal inside Soviet airspace, shooting one of them down and damaging another. The damaged helicopter managed to land inside the Soviet Union and its crew was captured by Soviet forces. Later, the crew was released and the helicopter was allowed to be repaired and return to Iran.
14. In 1988, two Soviet Mig-23 Floggers shot down a pair of Iranian AH-1J SuperCobra attack helicopters over western Afghanistan.
15. The 1994 Black Hawk shootdown incident, sometimes referred to as the Black Hawk Incident, was a friendly fire incident over northern Iraq that occurred on April 14, 1994 during Operation Provide Comfort. The pilots of two United States Air Force (USAF) F-15 fighter aircraft, operating under the control of a USAF airborne warning and control system (AWACS) aircraft, misidentified two United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters as Iraqi Mil Mi-24 "Hind" helicopters. The F-15 pilots fired on and destroyed both helicopters, killing all 26 military service members and civilians from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Turkey, and the Kurdish community. The third loss was a UAV Predator shot down by a Mig-25 in December 2002.
16. An Italian Army Bell 206 helicopter was shot down by a Serb Mig over Novi Marof, near Varaždin, Croatia, on 7 January 1992. One French and four Italian military observers were killed. The incident prompted the resignation of the Yugoslav Minister of Defence. The helicopter was part of an European Community mission in Croatia.
17. On the night of 8th June 2002, a pair of IAI SearcherII UAV of Indian Air Force were detected inside Pakistan by "mobile observation units". Pakistan Air Force scrambled 2 Mirage III's and 4 F-7P fighter jets which failed to detect and intercept the drones. Finally a pair of F-16 B's of Pakistan Air Force succeeded to intercept and shoot down one of the drones using their Aim-9Ls.
18. According to U.S and Iraqi sources, in February 2009 a USAF F-16 intercepted and shot down an Iranian UAV that had violated Iraqi airspace.
19. According to U.S sources, in September 2009 a USAF fighter intercepted and shot down an out of control armed MQ-9 Reaper UAV, near Afghan border.

References

Notes

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2. Brune 1996, p. 215
3. Dorr & Thompson 2003, p. 186
4. Zhang 2004, p. 153
5. Boyne 2002, p. 2
6. Barua 2005, p. 192
7. Pradhan & Chavan 2007, p. xiv
8. "The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
9. Thomas M. Leonard (2006). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Taylor & Francis. p. 806. ISBN 978-0-415-97663-3. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
10. https://books.google.com/books?id=gc2NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA806&dq=pakistan+lost+aircrafts+1965&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d8abVfLbKpGOuATu1qi4BA&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=pakistan%20lost%20seventy%20five&f=false
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12. Davis 2002, p. 300
13. "The First Night" by Cooper, Sadik (IAPR, Vol.26)
14. http://users.skynet.be/Emmanuel.Gustin/faq/shotdowns.html
15. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_303.shtml
16. http://myplace.frontier.com/~anneled/ColdWar.html
17. http://www.vojska.net/eng/armed-forces/yugoslavia/airforce/victories/
18. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_303.shtml
19. Aloni 2001, pp. 18, 22
20. Aloni 2001, pp. 6–22
21. Egyptian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948
22. Syrian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948
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24. Walker 1983, pp. 64–68
25. "F-86A-5 Sabre vs MiG-15". rt66.com. 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2010.
26. Zhang 2004, p. 152
27. Jackson, A.J. Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990, p. 406.
28. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_303.shtml
29. Overseas Operators of the Gloster Meteor
30. Herzog, The Arab–Israeli Wars, p. 138
31. Nordeen, Lon Fighters Over Israel London 1991, p. 198
32. http://www.coldwar.org/histories/HistoryofUSNavyFleetAirReconnaissance.asp
33. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_145.shtml
34. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_145.shtml
35. Boyne 2002, p. 679
36. "Aviaciya PVO Rossii i nauchno-technicheskii progress. Boevie kompleksi i sistemi vchera, segodnya, zavtra", E.A. Fedosova, Drofa, 2004
38. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_324.shtml
39. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_303.shtml
40. http://www.spyflight.co.uk/darkgene.htm
41. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_366.shtml
42. Chronological Listing of Iranian Air Force McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phantom II
43. http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/country-by-country/iranian_f_4_phantom_losses.htm
44. http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Country-By-Country/Iran.htm
45. http://www.acig.info/CMS/?option=com_content&task=view&id=42&Itemid=47
46. Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967
47. Cordesman 2006, p. 168
48. Israeli Air-to-Air Victories in 1967
49. The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-14.
50. "F-4 na blijnem vostoke", Vladimir Ilin, 2004
51. http://www.acig.info/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=47
52. "PAKISTAN AIR FORCE - Official website". Paf.gov.pk. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
53. .
54. Leonard, Thomas M. (2013-10-18). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135205089.
55. Leonard, Thomas M. (2013-10-18). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135205089.
56. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_298.shtml
57. Gordon, Yefim. MiG-21 (Russian Fighters). Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2008.
58. The Aviation History, Florian Ion Petrescu, Relly Victoria Petrescu, 2012, p. 88
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60. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_210.shtml
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62. The Aviation History, Florian Ion Petrescu, Relly Victoria Petrescu, 2012, p. 82
63. Chronological Listing of Afghan Ejections
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68. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_211.shtml
69. MiG-25BM
70. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_404.shtml
71. http://theaviationist.com/2012/09/06/tuaf-incidents/
72. Lord, Dick (2000). Vlamgat: The Story of the Mirage F1 in the South African Air Force. Covos-Day. ISBN 0-620-24116-0.
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75. Boyne 2002, p. 215
76. Chant, Christopher (2001). Air War in the Falklands 1982 . Osprey Publishing, p. 67. ISBN 1-84176-293-8
77. Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books (2004) p. 510
78. Herzog, The Arab–Israeli Wars, Random House (1982) pp. 347–48
79. Bruce Walker & the editors of Time-Life books, Fighting Jets: The Epic of Flight, Time Life Books (1983) pp. 162–63
80. Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 Units in Combat by David Nicolle and Tom Cooper(2004) p. 77
81. MiG-23 na blijnem vostoke. Vladimir Ilin
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83. Ministry of Defence 2008
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89. One Predator was shot by a Mig-25 on December 27, 2002. Knights, Michael (2005).Cradle of conflict: Iraq and the birth of modern U.S. military power. Naval Institute Press, p. 242. ISBN 1-59114-444-2
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95. Flankervs Falcrum in Ethiopia vs. Eritrea. What actually happened?
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97. II Ethiopian Eritrean War, 1998–2000
98. Yugoslav & Serbian MiG-29s
99. European Air-to-Air Victories
100. Military Mi-8 HIP helicopter to fly alongside a Hunter UAV and then have the Door Gunner blast the UAV with his 7.62mm machine gun
101. http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990823/india_pakistan1.html
102. http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_324.shtml
103. http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/other-Parakram-IAF-UAV-Wreckage.html
104. http://www.jpost.com/Video-Articles/Video/IAF-shoots-down-UAV-in-northern-Negev
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111. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2423831/Syrian-helicopter-pilot-shot-Turkish-forces-beheaded-rebels.html
112. https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ilBi1RcPl-NV2Ya3SJq1m4KTinAQ?docId=fa5d68d8-a938-49b3-aef8-14bd8cadab82
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External links

• Air to air victories over drugs smugglers