Demographics of Qatar

Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris are descended from a number of migratory tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century to escape the harsh conditions of the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. Some are descended from Omani tribes. Qatar has over 2.2 million human beings, the majority of whom (about 92%) live in Doha, the capital.^[1] Foreign workers make up almost 90% of the population, with Indians being the largest community numbering around 545,000. As of 2014, there were a further 400,000 Nepalis, 200,000 Filipinos, 180,000 Egyptians, 150,000 Bangladeshis, 100,000 Sri Lankans and 90,000 Pakistanis among many other nationalities.^[2] The treatment of these foreign workers has been heavily criticized in recent years, with living conditions suggested to be exploitative and abusive.^[3]

The Qataris are mainly Sunni Muslims. Islam is the official religion, and Islamic jurisprudence is the basis of Qatar's legal system. Arabic is the official language and English is the lingua franca of business. Hindi and Urdu are also widely spoken, especially by the South Asian foreign workers.^[4] Education is compulsory and free for all residents 6–16 years old. Qatar has an increasingly high literacy rate.

Ethnicity

Ethnic groups in Qatar (2004)[5]
Ethnic groups
Arab			40%
Indian			18%
Other			14%
Iranian			10%
Pakistani			8.5%

Qataris can be divided into three ethnic groups: Bedouins, Hadar, and Africans-origin. Bedouins are descended from the nomads of the Arabian Peninsula. The Hadar are mostly descended from Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and are occasionally referred to as "Irani-Qataris".

Population

2002-2012 Year Pop. ±% p.a. 2002 676,498 —     2003 713,859 +5.52% 2004 744,028 +4.23% 2005 906,123 +21.79% 2006 1,042,947 +15.10% 2007 1,218,250 +16.81% 2008 1,448,479 +18.90% 2009 1,638,626 +13.13% 2010 1,699,435 +3.71% 2011 1,732,717 +1.96% 2012 1,832,903 +5.78% Source: Qatar Statistics Authority[6]

1950-2010 Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1950 25,000 —     1960 47,000 +6.52% 1970 108,000 +8.68% 1980 222,000 +7.47% 1990 474,000 +7.88% 2000 591,000 +2.23% 2010 1,759,000 +11.52% Source: United Nations[7]

Census Results Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1986 369,079 —     1997 522,026 +3.20% 2004 744,029 +5.19% 2010 1,699,435 +14.76% Source: Qatar Statistics Authority

By nationality

As of 2011-2014 report by International Organization for Migration, 176,748 Nepali Citizens of Madhesi ethnicity lived in Qatar as migrant workers.^[8][9][10] As of 2012, about 7,000 Turkish nationals live in Qatar.^[11]

As of 2016, about 1,000 Colombian nationals and descendants live in Qatar.

Vital statistics

UN estimates^[12]

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR*	CDR*	NC*	TFR*	IMR*
1950-1955	1 000	0	1 000	47.5	13.8	33.7	6.97	126
1955-1960	2 000	0	1 000	44.3	11.3	33.0	6.97	110
1960-1965	2 000	1 000	2 000	41.0	8.8	32.1	6.97	90
1965-1970	4 000	1 000	3 000	38.6	6.8	31.8	6.97	71
1970-1975	5 000	1 000	4 000	34.8	5.2	29.6	6.77	53
1975-1980	7 000	1 000	6 000	35.7	4.0	31.7	6.11	38
1980-1985	10 000	1 000	9 000	33.2	3.1	30.1	5.45	28
1985-1990	11 000	1 000	10 000	25.4	2.5	22.9	4.50	23
1990-1995	11 000	1 000	10 000	22.8	2.2	20.6	4.01	18
1995-2000	10 000	1 000	9 000	19.2	2.1	17.1	3.30	14
2000-2005	13 000	1 000	12 000	18.8	1.9	16.9	3.01	11
2005-2010	18 000	2 000	16 000	14.1	1.6	12.5	2.40	9
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered births and deaths^[13][14]

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	TFR
1970	108	3 616	464	3 152	33.4	4.3	29.1
1971	118	3 921	491	3 430	33.2	4.2	29.0
1972	129	4 038	563	3 475	31.2	4.4	26.8
1973	141	4 367	660	3 707	31.0	4.7	26.3
1974	152	4 562	688	3 874	30.0	4.5	25.5
1975	163	4 559	600	3 959	28.0	3.7	24.3
1976	172	4 893	609	4 284	28.4	3.5	24.9
1977	181	5 313	686	4 627	29.4	3.8	25.6
1978	190	5 977	645	5 332	31.4	3.4	28.0
1979	203	6 057	709	5 348	29.8	3.5	26.3
1980	222	6 750	662	6 088	30.5	3.0	27.5
1981	246	7 192	725	6 467	29.3	3.0	26.3
1982	275	8 032	789	7 243	29.2	2.9	26.3
1983	307	8 261	803	7 458	26.9	2.6	24.3
1984	338	8 613	642	7 971	25.5	1.9	23.6
1985	368	9 225	794	8 431	25.1	2.2	22.9
1986	395	9 942	784	9 158	25.2	2.0	23.2
1987	420	9 919	788	9 131	23.6	1.9	21.7
1988	442	10 842	861	9 981	24.5	1.9	22.6
1989	460	10 908	847	10 061	23.7	1.8	21.9
1990	474	11 022	871	10 151	23.3	1.8	21.5
1991	483	9 756	883	8 873	20.2	1.8	18.4
1992	488	10 459	944	9 515	21.4	1.9	19.5
1993	491	10 822	913	9 909	22.0	1.9	20.1
1994	495	10 561	964	9 597	21.3	1.9	19.4
1995	501	10 371	1 000	9 371	20.7	2.0	18.7
1996	512	10 317	1 015	9 302	20.1	2.0	18.1
1997	529	10 447	1 060	9 387	19.8	2.0	17.8
1998	549	10 781	1 157	9 624	19.6	2.1	17.5
1999	570	10 846	1 148	9 698	19.0	2.0	17.0
2000	591	11 438	1 173	10 265	19.4	2.0	17.4
2001	608	12 355	1 210	11 145	20.3	2.0	18.3
2002	624	12 388	1 220	11 168	19.8	2.0	17.8
2003	654	13 026	1 311	11 715	19.9	2.0	17.9
2004	715	13 589	1 341	12 248	19.0	1.9	17.1
2005	821	13 514	1 545	11 969	16.5	1.9	14.6
2006	978	14 204	1 750	12 454	14.5	1.8	12.7
2007	1 178	15 695	1 776	13 919	13.3	1.5	11.8
2008	1 448	17 480	1 942	15 538	12.1	1.3	10.8
2009	1 639	18 351	2 008	16 343	11.2	1.2	10.0	2,282
2010	1 715	19 504	1 970	17 534	11.4	1.1	10.3	2,076
2011	1 733	20 802	1 949	18 853	12.0	1.1	10.9	2,118
2012		21 423	2 031	19 392	11.7	1.1	10.6
2013
2014		25 443	2 366	23 007	11.5	1.1	10.4

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

• 2,123,160 (July 2014 est.) Qatar is the 146th most populated nation.^[15]
• 2,374,860 (MAY 2015 est.) Qatar is the 146th most populated nation.^[15]

Age structure

• 0–14 years: 21.8% (male 92,896/female 87,201)
• 15–64 years: 76.8% (male 451,127/female 182,330)
• 65 years and over: 1.4% (male 6,545/female 4,690) (2008 est.)

Population growth rate

• 1.093% (2008 est.)
• 9.56% – World Bank (2009 est.)
• 3.58% – CIA World FactBook (2014 est.)
• 2.11% – 2005–2010 List by the United Nations

Sex ratio^[5]

• At birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
• 0–14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
• 15–24 years: 2.83 male(s)/female
• 25–54 years: 4.61 male(s)/female
• 55–64 years: 3.41 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 1.5 male(s)/female
• total population: 3.29 male(s)/female (2013 est.) />

Average life span (Life expectancy at birth)

• M&F: 75.19 year(s)
• man:73.5 year(s)
• woman:76.98 year(s; 2008 est.)

Total fertility rate

• 2.08 childrens born per 1 female (2010 est.) (Qataris: 3.59 childrens/woman, Foreign nationals: 1.75 childrens/woman)

Nationality

• noun:Qatari(s)
• adjective: Qatari

Ethnic groups^[5]

• Arab 40%
• Indian 18%
• Pakistani 18%
• Iranian 10%
• Other 14%

Religions^[5]

• Islam 77.5% - the majority Salafi Sunni.
• Other (includes mainly Hindu and some Buddhist) 14%
• Christian 8.5%

Languages^[5]

• Arabic (official)
• English commonly used as a second language
• Hindhi commonly used

Literacy

• definition: age >15 can both read & write
• overall population: 96.3%
• males: 96.5%
• females: 95.4% (2010 est.)

Genetics

Y-chromosome DNA

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Qatari Y-chromosome in large belongs to haplogroup J which comprises two thirds of the total chromosomes^[16]

• J1 ≈58.3%
• J2 ≈8.3%
• E* ≈7.0% — E(xE1b1b)
• R1a ≈6.9%
• E1b1b ≈5.6%
• Other Haplogroups ≈13.9%

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage The Qatari mitochondrial DNA shows much more diversity than the Y-DNA lineages, with more than 35% of the lineages showing African ancestry (East African & Subsaharan) & the rest of the lineages being Eurasian.^[17]

• R0 ~ 22% (14% R0*, 8% H)
• JT ~ 22% (18% J & 4% T)
• UK ~ 20% (11% K & 9% U)
• L3 ~ 10% (East African & Subsaharan lineages)
• Other lineages ~ 26%

See also : Qatar

References

1. "Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics". Retrieved 2014-11-19.
2. "Population of Qatar by nationality". Retrieved 2014-11-17.
3. "QATAR 2015/2016". Retrieved 2016-11-25.
4. "Qatar Tourist Guide". Retrieved 2012-02-15.
5. "Middle East ::QATAR". CIA The World Factbook.
6. Qatar Statistics Authority - Population 2012
7. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived February 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
8. "Nepalese Migrant workers in Qatar from Terai".
9. "Iom International Report claims half of Nepali migrant workers in foreign are Madhesi people from Terai, mainly to Qatar, Malaysia, UAE , Saudi Arabia and UAE".
10. "Half of madhesi people of Terai are in Qatar".
11. "Turkish school in Qatar to help spread Turkish culture" (Archive). Today's Zaman. Wednesday February 29, 2012. Retrieved on September 26, 2015.
12. World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
13. United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
14. Qatar Information Exchange]
15. "The World Factbook". CIA. 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
16. Cadenas et al. 2007
17. Rowold et al. 2007