Ramot, Jerusalem

Ramot redirect here. For the moshav in the Golan Heights, see Ramot, Golan Heights.

Coordinates: 31°48′43″N 35°12′0″E / 31.81194°N 35.20000°E / 31.81194; 35.20000

View of the oldest part of Ramot from the Begin road highway. The highway is also visible.

Ramot (Hebrew: רָמוֹת‎, lit. Heights), also known as Ramot Alon (Hebrew: רמות אלון‎‎), is a large neighborhood[1] in a northern part of East Jerusalem.[2][3] Ramot is one of Jerusalem's Ring Neighborhoods. The land was annexed by Israel after the Six-Day War, though that annexation has not been recognized internationally. As part of Ramot was established in East Jerusalem, the international community considers it an Israeli settlement. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[4]

History

View of Ramot from the Tomb of Samuel. Part of the ruins are visible in the bottom left.

Ramot is named after the biblical city of Rama, where the Prophet Samuel lived and was brought for burial: Now Samuel had died, and all Israel lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, and (each one lamented him) in his own city. (Samuel I, 28:3).[5] According to tradition, Rama was situated on one of the highest peaks of the Judean Hills, 885 meters above sea level.[6] The Tomb of Samuel is located 1.3 kilometers north of Ramot,[7] next to the Arab village Nabi Samwil.

Between the 1949 Armistice Agreements and the Six-Day War in 1967, the area that is today Ramot was in the demilitarized zone between Israeli and Jordanian lines.[8] Ramot was established in 1974.[9]

After the death of Yigal Allon, Israeli military and political figure,[10] the neighborhood was renamed Ramot Alon.[11]

Geography

Ramot is north and west of the center of Jerusalem.[12] The neighborhood is built upon two elongated ridges about 100–200 meters above the surrounding landscape (heights of 693–850 meters above sea level). Between the ridges is the Golda Meir highway, leading to Tel Aviv. Travel time to the center of Jerusalem is about 15 minutes and Har Hotzvim industrial park is about 7 minutes.[13] The Jerusalem light rail system will be expanded to include Ramot.[14]

Schools

Nighttime facade of Lakewood East.

Demography

Ramot has a population of 50,000.[20] Ramot Alon is an example of the demographic change in Jerusalem. When it was established in 1974, the population was 70% secular. Since 2000, Ramot Alef, Gimel and Daled have become partially Haredi, and the percentage of Orthodox Jews in all of Ramot Alon has risen to 75%.[9]

One side of Ramot Gimel is mostly Chareidi, and the other side is more Modern Orthodox. Ramot Vav also contains a Chareidi population. In throughout all of Ramot there is a mix of other types of residents including Dati Leumi, Modern Orthodox, and Chardal.[21] There are a few Chabad Synagogues as well.[22]

Legal status

Ramot is administered by Israel as being within Jerusalem. However, since part of the neighborhood has been built across the Green Line in East Jerusalem,[23] the international community considers Ramot to be an Israeli settlement. Israel unilaterally annexed East Jerusalem and maintains that developments in East Jerusalem are not settlements, but the move was condemned by the UN Security Council as "null and void" and was not recognized by the international community. The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal under international law, violating the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into territory held under military occupation, but Israel considers East Jerusalem its sovereign territory.[24] The U.S. government has traditionally refrained from calling Israeli neighborhoods in East Jerusalem "settlements."[25]

The Clinton Parameters[26] and Geneva accords[27] proposed keeping Ramot (and other Jewish neighborhoods in Jerusalem beyond the green line) under Israeli sovereignty, possibly in exchange for other land, though no deal has been made in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.

Since the portion of Ramot across the Green Line was constructed in the demilitarized zone between the Jordanian and Israeli front lines, Israelis have argued that it should not be considered occupied territory.[28]

The United States Department of State, European Union and the Palestinians described the plans to build 800 new homes in West Bank settlements and 600 in East Jerusalem, including 294 in Ramot, as harmful to the peace process.[29] Spokesperson for the U.S. State Department, Jen Psaki, said "We consider now and have always considered the settlements to be illegitimate".[29] Catherine Ashton, the EU foreign policy chief, said "the settlements are illegal under international law, constitute an obstacle to peace and threaten to make the two-state solution impossible".[29] Saeb Erekat, chief negotiator for the PLO, said the announcement "shows Israel’s clear commitment to the destruction of peace efforts" and that international community should "sever all ties with the Israeli occupation...[to]...protect and help to realize the two-state solution".[29]

Architecture

The once modernist 'Ramot Polin Apartments', designed by Zvi Hecker, which has generated much controversy among Israeli architects.[30]

Buildings clustered around courtyards was a predominant architectural style in Ramot in the 1980s. Large, well-kept private homes were constructed in the 1970s and 1980s under the Build Your Own Home project, reflecting the rising standards of living in Israel and a change in consumer habits.[31] Ramot Polin Apartments, designed by Zvi Hecker, have been named as one of the "World's Strangest Buildings" and has been described as a "housing project for honeybees".[32] The entire neighborhood is organized upon a hill in central Ramot in a shape resembling a five-fingered hand or three-branched leaf.

Parks and nature trails

Landmarks

In November 2009, 30-foot high bronze sculpture depicting a waving American flag turning into a flame was unveiled in Ramot, part of a five-acre memorial plaza for the September 11 terrorist attacks. The sculpture, located in Arazim Valley, was the first memorial outside New York to list the names of the 2,974 people killed in the attack. Part of the gray granite base, taken from the original Twin Towers, was donated by the New York municipality. Israeli sculptor Eliezer Weishoff said the memorial had to be moved 200 yards from the planned site to accommodate gazelle migration pathways. U.S. Ambassador James B. Cunningham and a number of congressmen attended the event.[38]

Ramot Mall, which is Jerusalem's 2nd largest mall, opened in September 2011.[39]

The Tomb of Samuel, the prophet and leader of the Israelites is located on the outskirts of Ramot.[40]

Archaeology

There are Crusader era remains in Ramot 2 and Ramot 6.[41] In May 2005, a salvage excavation conducted in the Ramot neighborhood on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority found a rock hewn burial cave surmounted by a massive rectangular building and a columbarium cave. Potsherds dating to the Ottoman period were discovered on the floor of the building. Fragments of jars and cooking pots dating to the Early Roman period were discovered in the columbarium, which is characteristic of the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods.[42]

Khirbet Tililiya is the site of an ancient ruined fortress on a high hill in the center of Ramot Alon. The ruins are dated to the Second Temple period (Hasmonean and Herodian).[41]

A man walking his dog fell into a pit while running in the Ramot Forest. This led to the discovery of a grape-pressing area from the First Temple period.[43]

Sections

Ramot has seven sections; Aleph (A), Bet (B), Gimmel (G), Daled (D), and Vav (V) (also known as Ramot 06) and Ramot Polin.[44]

There is a "County" area of Ramot being built with 294 apartments.[45]

In November 2015 plans for the Ramot Slopes neighborhood was approved. A total of 1,638 housing units will be built, of which 203 will be designated for assisted living, and about 400 of which will be small apartments.[46]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Ramot". GoJerusalem.
  2. ↑ "Israel court jails Palestinian activist Bassem Tamimi". BBC News.
  3. ↑ Cohen, Shaul Ephraim (1993). The Politics of Planting: Israeli-Palestinian Competition for Control of Land in the Jerusalem Periphery. University of Chicago Press. p. 82. ISBN 9780226112763. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  4. ↑ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  5. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Bible/Samuel28.html
  6. ↑ "האתר הרשמי של עיריית ירושלים". האתר הרשמי של עיריית ירושלים.
  7. ↑ "Google Maps". Google Maps.
  8. ↑ "רמת שלמה אינה - שטח כבוש". news1.co.il.
  9. 1 2 "Is Jerusalem Really Becoming ultra-Orthodox? The Figures May Surprise You". Haaretz.com.
  10. ↑ "The English Update » The Evolution of Ramot". teu.co.il.
  11. ↑ Ramot Alon neighborhood
  12. ↑ "Google Maps". Google Maps.
  13. ↑ "Nefesh B'Nefesh - Aliyah Live the Dream". Nbn.org.il. 2006-03-27. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
  14. ↑ "Light Rail - Future Lines". jet.gov.il.
  15. ↑ "Home - Yeshivat Ateret Yerushalayim - AJ". AJ.
  16. ↑ http://www.ohrtorahstone.org.il/ots_schools/home.htm
  17. ↑ http://www.priority-1.org/programs/ohr_hatzafon.asp
  18. ↑ "Cost of Education in Israel: Gan, Middle School, High School - Nefesh B'Nefesh". Nefesh B'Nefesh.
  19. ↑ http://www.nbn.org.il/component/content/article/310-school-database-articles/1873-noam-ramot--boys-and-girls.html
  20. ↑ "Jerusalem's 2nd biggest mall to open in 2011". ynet.
  21. ↑ "Ramot". Nefesh B'Nefesh.
  22. ↑ http://www.chabad.org/centers/default_cdo/aid/118090/jewish/Chabad-of-Ramot-Jerusalem.htm
  23. ↑ "Israel plan for 238 settler homes draws Palestinian ire". BBC News. 15 October 2010.
    "Obama raps Israeli plans for 1,300 Jewish settler homes". BBC News. 9 November 2010.
    Kershner, Isabel (8 November 2010). "Israel Plans 1,000 Housing Units in East Jerusalem". The New York Times.
  24. ↑ McCarthy, Rory (11 March 2010). "Israel plans more East Jerusalem homes as talks collapse". The Guardian.
  25. ↑ Krieger, Hillary, Keinon, Herb, and Abu Toameh, Khaled. Rice: US entirely opposed to Har Homa Jerusalem Post. 8 April 2008
  26. ↑ "The Clinton Parameters". peacelobby.org.
  27. ↑ http://www.geneva-accord.org/images/PDF/Jerusalem.pdf
  28. ↑ "News1 - רמת שלמה אינה "שטח כבוש"". news1.co.il.
  29. 1 2 3 4 "US, EU, Palestinians: Tenders for homes harmful to peace". The Jerusalem Post. 11 January 2014.
  30. ↑ Back to the Future / A giant beehive abuzz with controversy Haaretz, By Noam Dvir, 29.12.11
  31. ↑ "Fifty Years of Israeli Architecture as Reflected in Jerusalem's Buildings". GxMSDev.
  32. ↑ Karrie Jacobs. World's Strangest Buildings, Yahoo! Travel
  33. ↑ Kipod in Ramot
  34. ↑ "The English Update » Gan HaKipod and Ramot". teu.co.il.
  35. ↑ http://www.funinjerusalem.com/en/nature/140-ramot-forest-gazelle-trail.html
  36. ↑ http://www.funinjerusalem.com/en/directory/jerusalem-swimming-pools.html?sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=49&sobi2Id=61
  37. ↑ http://www.kkl.org.il/eng/tourism-and-recreation/forests-and-parks/jeruslem-park.aspx
  38. ↑ "Jerusalem to Dedicate First 9/11 Memorial With Names Outside U.S.". Haaretz.com.
  39. ↑ "Jerusalem's 2nd biggest mall to open in 2011". ynet.
  40. ↑ http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Tourist+Information/Jewish+Themes/Jewish_Sites/The+tomb+of+Samuel+the+prophet+jew.htm
  41. 1 2 Amos Kloner; Agudah le-seḳer arkheʼologi shel Yiśraʼel (2003). Survey of Jerusalem: the northwestern sector, introduction and indices. רשות העתיקות ,האגודה לסקר ארכיאולוגי של ישראל. p. 255. ISBN 978-965-406-080-6. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
  42. ↑ "Israel Antiquities Authority". hadashot-esi.org.il.
  43. ↑ "Dog uncovers major archeological site". ynet.
  44. ↑ http://www.newcomersguideisrael.com/MapDetail.aspx?page=ramot
  45. ↑ "294 New Apartments Announced in Jerusalem's Ramot Neighborhood". theyeshivaworld.com.
  46. ↑ Jerusalem mayor, green groups slam plan for Ramot Slopes neighborhood

External links

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