Far Rockaway Branch

This article is about the Long Island Rail Road line. For the section of the route which was incorporated into the New York City Subway in the 1950s, see IND Rockaway Line.
Far Rockaway Branch

Far Rockaway Branch train 2820 departing Cedarhurst Station.
Overview
Type Commuter rail
System Long Island Rail Road
Status Operational
Locale Nassau County and Far Rockaway, New York, USA
Termini Valley Stream
Far Rockaway
Stations 7
Services
  Far Rockaway Branch
Operation
Opened 1869 (as part of South Side Railroad of Long Island)
Owner Long Island Rail Road
Operator(s) Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Technical
Number of tracks 2
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Electrification 750 V (DC) third rail
Route map

The Far Rockaway Branch is an electrified rail line and service owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. The branch begins at Valley Interlocking, just east of Valley Stream station; the Long Beach Branch also begins there, heading east and south to Long Beach, and the Atlantic Branch heads west to Jamaica. From Valley Stream, the line heads south and southwest through southwestern Nassau County, ending at Far Rockaway in Queens. LIRR maps and schedules indicate that the Far Rockaway Branch service continues west along the Atlantic Branch to Jamaica.[1][2] This two-track branch provides all day service in both directions to the Atlantic Terminal (at Flatbush Avenue) in Brooklyn, with transfers required at Jamaica (on almost all non rush-hour trains originating in Far Rockaway) for Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan. During rush hour, express service may bypass Jamaica station.

History

The Far Rockaway Branch initially extended west to Rockaway Park. In 1887, a connection was built to the Rockaway Beach Branch at Hammels, and the older Far Rockaway Branch was abandoned west of Hammels.[3]
LIRR train at the existing terminus in Far Rockaway.

The South Side Railroad built the branch in 1869 under a subsidiary called the Far Rockaway Branch Railroad. While constructing it in summer 1869, the company installed about 700 feet (200 m) of tracks across William B. McManus's farmland near Lawrence. However, the transaction had not been completed, and McManus and some friends tore up the track the next night; after a legal battle, the company paid McManus.[4]:30 The same year, the South Side established a subsidiary named the Hempstead and Rockaway Railroad designed to connect the line to the up-and-coming Southern Hempstead Branch. The H&R was dissolved in 1871.

Due to the success of the branch, the South Side built the 200-foot (60 m) South Side Pavilion, a restaurant on the beach at what is today Beach 30th Street. With an additional subsidiary known as the Rockaway Railway (1871-1872; Not to be confused with the Rockaway Village Railroad), the line was extended west to the Seaside House (Beach 103rd Street) in 1872 and Neptune House (Beach 116th Street) in 1875.[4]:30-32 Along with the rest of the South Side Railroad, the Far Rockaway Branch was acquired by the Long Island Rail Road in 1876.

Two stations on the branch were built as Arverne (LIRR station), both of which were built by Remington Vernam. The first of which was in 1888 at Gaston Avenue (Beach 67th Street). It had a large tower, was shaped like a Victorian hotel and had a connection to the Ocean Electric Railway, as did much of the Rockaway Beach and Far Rockaway branches. Due to a quarrel between the LIRR and Vernam, another Arverne Station was built at Straiton Avenue in 1892. From then on, the original Arverne station was known as Arverne-Gaston Avenue (LIRR station) to distinguish it from the Arverne-Straiton Avenue (LIRR station).[5]

Until 1950 trains from Penn Station could leave the Main Line at Whitepot Junction (40°43′31″N 73°51′39″W / 40.7254°N 73.8608°W / 40.7254; -73.8608) and head south past the Atlantic Branch connection at Woodhaven Junction (40°41′14″N 73°50′36″W / 40.6871°N 73.8433°W / 40.6871; -73.8433) to the Hammels Wye at 40°35′29″N 73°48′32″W / 40.5913°N 73.8088°W / 40.5913; -73.8088, turning right there to Rockaway Park or left to Valley Stream and Jamaica and maybe on to Penn Station. Frequent fires and maintenance problems, notably a May 23, 1950 fire between Broad Channel Station and The Raunt, led the LIRR to abandon the Queens portion of the route on October 3, 1955, which was acquired by the city to become the IND Rockaway Line, with service provided by the A train.[6] Most Queens stations along the former Far Rockaway and Rockaway Beach Branches reopened as subway stations on June 28, 1956, the exception being Far Rockaway-Mott Avenue station, which was split between the NYCTA and LIRR on January 16, 1958.

Between the late 1960s and 1990s, various stations along the Far Rockaway Branch were given high-level platforms in order to accommodate modern M1, M3, and M7 railcars.

The Far Rockaway Branch has the distinction of containing the oldest surviving railroad station on Long Island, and the only existing building constructed by an LIRR predecessor, specifically Hewlett (LIRR station). In 2003, the LIRR closed that station replacing it with a new one diagonally across the railroad crossing on Franklin Avenue, however the original SSRLI Depot still remains intact to this day.

Stations

Zone Station Miles (km)
from NYP[7]		 Date
opened		 Date
closed		 Connections / notes
1 For continuing service to points west, see City Terminal Zone
3 Jamaica 11.2 (18.0) 1876 LIRR; Atlantic, Babylon, Belmont Park, Hempstead, Long Beach, Montauk, Oyster Bay,
Port Jefferson, Ronkonkoma, and West Hempstead Branches
NYC Subway: (at Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport)
NYCT Bus: Q20A, Q20B, Q24, Q30, Q31, Q43, Q44, Q54, Q56
MTA Bus: Q6, Q8, Q9, Q25, Q34, Q40, Q41, Q60, Q65
NICE Bus: n4
AirTrain JFK: Jamaica Station Route
Jamaica-Beaver Street 1867 1913
Cedar Manor 1906 1959
Locust Manor 14.1 (22.7) 1869 NYCT Bus: Q3 (to JFK Airport), Q85, QM21
Higbie Avenue 1908 1960
Laurelton 15.0 (24.1) 1907[8] NYCT Bus: Q77, Q85
Rosedale 15.9 (25.6) 1870[9] NYCT Bus: Q5, Q85, X63
Queens / Nassau county line
4 Valley Stream 17.6 (28.3) 1869[9] LIRR: Long Beach and West Hempstead Branches
NICE Bus: n1
Gibson 18.5 (29.8) 1928 NICE Bus: n1
Hewlett 19.4 (31.2) 1869[9] NICE Bus: n1, n31, n32
Originally Cedar Grove, then Hewletts
Woodmere 20.0 (32.2) 1869[9] NICE Bus: n31, n32
Cedarhurst 20.9 (33.6) 1869 NICE Bus: n31, n32
Lawrence 21.7 (34.9) 1869[9] NICE Bus: n31, n32
Inwood 22.1 (35.6) 1905 NICE Bus: n31, n32
Originally Westville
Nassau / Queens county line
Far Rockaway 22.7 (36.5) 1869[9] NICE Bus: n31, n32, n33
NYCT Bus: Q22, Q113, QM17
NYC Subway: (at Far Rockaway – Mott Avenue)
The following stations were part of the segment that was abandoned in 1955, many of them converted into subway stations on the IND Rockaway Line in 1956.
Wavecrest 1928 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 25th Street)
South Side Pavilion 1955
Edgemere 1895 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 36th Street)
Frank Avenue 1922 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 44th Street)
Straiton Avenue 1892 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 60th Street)
Originally Arverne - Straiton Avenue
Gaston Avenue 1888 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 67th Street)
Originally Arverne, then Arverne - Gaston Avenue
Eldert's Grove 1872 1887 Replaced by NYW&R-built Hammels (1880)
Holland's 1880 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 90th Street)
Sea Side House 1880 1955 NYC Subway: (at Beach 105th Street)
Originally Seaside
Neptune House 1882 1955 NYC Subway: (at Rockaway Park – Beach 116th Street)
Originally Rockaway Beach, then Rockaway Park
Atlantic Park 1955

References

  1. ↑ MTA LIRR - LIRR Map
  2. ↑ LIRR Far Rockaway Branch Timetable
  3. ↑ "The Long Island Rail Road: A Comprehensive History Volume #5(New York, Woodhaven & Rockaway Railroad; New York & Rockaway Beach railway; New York & Long Beach Railroad; New York & Rockaway railroad; Brooklyn rapid transit operation to Rockaway; Over L.I.R.R.)", by Vincent F. Seyfried
  4. 1 2 Ron Ziel and George H. Foster, Steel Rails to the Sunrise, ©1965
  5. ↑ LIRR Station History
  6. ↑ IND Rockaway Branch/Jamaica Bay Crossing, accessed June 14, 2006
  7. ↑ Station pages linked from LIRR Stations
  8. ↑ Long Island Railroad Station History (TrainsAreFun.com)
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vincent F. Seyfried, The Long Island Rail Road: A Comprehensive History, Part One: South Side R.R. of L.I., © 1961
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