Rohrau, Austria

Rohrau

Coat of arms
Rohrau

Location within Austria

Coordinates: 48°4′0″N 16°51′30″E / 48.06667°N 16.85833°E / 48.06667; 16.85833Coordinates: 48°4′0″N 16°51′30″E / 48.06667°N 16.85833°E / 48.06667; 16.85833
Country Austria
State Lower Austria
District Bruck an der Leitha
Government
 • Mayor Herbert Speckl (ÖVP)
Area
 • Total 20.50 km2 (7.92 sq mi)
Elevation 148 m (486 ft)
Population (1 January 2016)[1]
 • Total 1,612
 • Density 79/km2 (200/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 2471
Area code 02164
Vehicle registration BL
Website Official website

Rohrau (German: Marktgemeinde Rohrau) is a village in the state of Lower Austria. The name Rohrau comes from two single German words, Rohr which means 'reed' and Au which means 'riparian forest' - the name of the village tells its location - south of the village there is a riparian forest and a swamp covered with reed. Rohrau is located in the "industrial quarter" (Industrieviertel) of the state of Lower Austria. Its area is 20.50 km2, of which 8.38% is forested.[2] There is a kindergarten and a primary school (Volksschule).[3]

Subdivisions

Rohrau is subdivided into the following Katastralgemeinden:

History

The area in pre-Roman times belonged to the Celtic kingdom of Noricum. In Roman Times, the area was part of the Roman province of Pannonia Superior; Rohrau is near to Carnuntum, a former Roman army camp close to the village of Petronell-Carnuntum. Rohrau grew along an old road next to the river Leitha connecting Carnuntum to the bridge crossing the river at Bruck an der Leitha, the current district capital.

Schloss Rohrau

In the Middle Ages, a castle was built, surrounded by a moat; later it was converted to a chateau. Its facade as seen today is in the "Josephinian Style", a late and very rare Baroque style that only was used during the reign of Emperor Joseph II in the late 18th century. The chateau (Schloss Rohrau) has been owned by the Counts of Harrach and their descendants since 1524, and it contains the largest private collection of Dutch oil paintings in Austria.

In the 16th century, Rohrau was given the right to hold a market, thus becoming a Market town.

In the early 18th century, the town was plagued by attacks from the Kuruczes, described by Geiringer as "the peasant army of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian party". In 1704, they plundered the town and burned homes, returning to do the same in 1706; a further attack took place in 1707. A resident who lost his house to the flames in both 1704 and 1706 was Lorenz Koller (born 1675), who was the Marktrichter (roughly, mayor) of the town and the maternal grandfather of Joseph Haydn (see below).[4]

Rohrau as former border town

Rohrau stands in close proximity to the neighbouring state of Burgenland, which was part of Hungary until 1921. Rohrau once had a border checkpoint at the bridge crossing the river to what was then the Hungarian part of the Austrian Empire. This checkpoint, which now is a farmhouse, was only an internal border crossing, so much so that the local noble family Harrach owned land on both sides.

Rohrau and Haydn

Haydn's birth home in Rohrau, now a museum

The composer Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau in 1732. His father Mathias was a master wheelwright who served as Marktrichter of the village; something akin to mayor. His mother had previously worked as a cook in the Harrach household. Haydn lived in Rohrau only until about 1738, when he was sent away to attend a boarding school in nearby Hainburg.

The composer's birth home, which is also the birth home of his brother Michael Haydn, is today a museum; it only partially reflects its original form since it has been repeatedly restored following fires and floods. It has also been expanded to serve its purpose as a museum.

The Haydn monument in the center of Rohrau

A monument to Haydn was erected by Count Karl Leonhard Harrach in 1793, during the composer's own lifetime; it is thus the oldest of all Haydn monuments.[5] It was originally placed in the park of Harrach chateau, on an artificial island (the "Haydn-Insel") in the Leitha River, created for the purpose.[6] The monument was later transferred to the center of the village, where it stands today. When Haydn returned from London in 1795, he visited the monument during an emotional return to his home town.[7]

Historical population of Rohrau

Economy

As of 2011, there were 47 companies related to agricultural and forestry, and 89 non-agricultural jobs. 791 persons were employed at their place of residence. 43 people were unemployed.[2]

Local agricultural products: sugar beets, wheat, maize/corn, potatoes, sheep, wine.

Local politics

The village mayor (Bürgermeister), is Herbert Speckl, Deputy Mayor is Albert Mayer. The "village secretary" (Gemeindesekratär) is Josef Rössler. In 2015 election the seats at the village council, 19 in total, were distributed between the People's Party - ÖVP (14) and the Social Democratic Party - SPÖ (5). Traditionally the People's Party has a stronghold in Lower Austria, due to the support they get from farmers and white-collar employees.

Church

Church of St. Vitus, Rohrau

Rohrau is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna. The Catholic priest at the church of St. Vitus is Dr. Norbert Mendecki.

Sights

Famous persons

Notes

  1. ↑ Statistik Austria - Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2016 nach Gemeinden (Gebietsstand 1.1.2016) for Rohrau.
  2. 1 2 3 Statistical data
  3. ↑ Schule/Bildung, municipal website
  4. ↑ Source for this paragraph: Geiringer (1983:5)
  5. ↑ Webster (n.d., section 1)
  6. ↑ Head, Mathew (2000) Music with "No Past?" Archaeologies of Joseph Haydn and "The Creation". 19th-Century Music 23:191-217. Reference is to page 1.
  7. ↑ Geiringer (1983:11)

References


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