Servius Sulpicius Rufus

Servius Sulpicius Rufus (c. 106 BC – 43 BC), was a Roman orator and jurist.

He studied rhetoric with Cicero, accompanying him to Rhodes in 78 BC, though Sulpicius decided subsequently to pursue legal studies. In the later dialogue Brutus, Cicero praised the artistry of his legal learning as well as his eloquence.^[1]

In 63 BC, Sulpicius was a candidate for the consulship, but was defeated by Lucius Licinius Murena, whom he subsequently accused of bribery. In Cicero's successful oration in defense of Murena against the accusations, he mocked Sulpicius' legal expertise despite their friendship.^[2] Nevertheless, in 52 BC Sulpicius successfully stood for election to be consul in 51 BC.

In the Civil War, Sulpicius was a supporter of Pompey while his son joined Caesar.^[3] Caesar made him proconsul of Achaea in 46 BC. He died in 43 BC while on a mission from the senate to Marcus Antonius at Mutina, and was eulogized in Cicero's ninth Philippic. Sulpicius was accorded a public funeral, and a statue was erected to his memory in front of the Rostra.

Two excellent specimens of Sulpicius's style are preserved in Cicero's letters.^[4] One of these is a letter of condolence to Cicero after the death of his daughter, Tullia. It is a letter that posterity has much admired, full of subtle, melancholy reflection on the transiency of all things. Byron has quoted this letter in his Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.^[5] Quintilian^[6] speaks of three orations by Sulpicius as still in existence; one of these was the speech against Murena, another Pro or Contra Aufidium, of whom nothing is known.

It is as a jurist, however, that Sulpicius was chiefly distinguished. He left behind him a large number of treatises, and he is often quoted in the Pandects, although direct extracts are not found.^[7] His chief characteristics were lucidity, an intimate acquaintance with the principles of civil and natural law, and an unrivaled power of expression.

See also

• Sulpicia (gens)

Notes

1. Cicero, Brutus 40.150-42.157.
2. Cicero, Pro Murena 15-30.
3. LOEB Classics, Cicero in Twenty-Eight Volumes XXV, p246, footnote a.
4. Ad. Fam. 4.5 and 12.
5. Haskell, H.J.: "This was Cicero" (1964) p.250-251.
6. Instit. x. 1, 1,6.
7. For titles see Teuffel-Schwabe, Hist. of Roman Lit. 174, 4).

References

• R. Schneider, De Servio Sulpicio Rufo (Leipzig, 1834); O. Karlowa, Römische Rechtsgeschichte, vol. i. (Leipzig, 1885).
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.