Timeline of Cartagena, Colombia

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.

Prior to 19th century - Colonial era

• 1500 - Rodrigo de Bastidas approaches to Cartagena's bay, naming it Barú bay.
• 1503 - The catholic queen Isabel issue a royal decree, naming the Barú bay as the Cartagena's bay, due to its similarity with Cartagena (España)
• 1523 - Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo obtains permission to commerce in Cartagena's bay and near regions.^[1]
• 1525 - Fernandez de Oviedo obtains the capitulation to conquer the actual terrains of Cartagena.^[1]
• 1533 - Cartagena founded by Spaniard Pedro de Heredia.^[2] It becomes one of the "major naval and merchant marine bases of the Spanish empire."^[3]
• 1534 - Catholic Diocese of Cartagena established.^[4]
• 1536
  • Castillo San Felipe de Barajas (fort) construction begins.
  • Cartagena obtains the dominance of the Morrosquillo Gulf and the terrains of the Sinú indigenous people.^[1]
• 1538 - The Spanish crown authorizes taxes to the Indigenous people.^[5]
• 1539 - Indigenous population: 500 approx. Population has decreased due to diseases and confrontations with colonizers.^[1]
• 1550 - Heredia becomes governor of Cartagena.
• 1552 - A big fire occurs.
• 1559 - French Martin Cote assaults Cartagena.
• 1561 - The Nuevo Muelle dock is built, made up of wood.
• 1563 - Jean-François Roberval plunders the city.
• 1565 - 1.000 inhabitants.
• 1568 - John Hawkins invades and assaults Cartagena for 8 days.
• 1574
  • Francis Drake assaults Cartagena and destroys 1/4 of the city.
  • Rey Felipe II gives Cartagena the title of city.
• 1575 - Cartagena is recognized with the "Noble and Loyal" city title, as Cartageneros were Pro-Spanish Crown.
• 1578 - Convento de Santo Domingo (Cartagena) construction begins.
• 1579
  • Cartagena attains Spanish colonial city status.^[4]
  • San Juan de Dios Hospital builds its second floor.
• 1580 - The Saint Augustine convent is founded.
• 1582 - Canal del Dique built.
• 1586 - Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586).^[6]
• 1595 - By the visit of the military engineer Bautista Antonelli, Cartagena's cobbled streets are traced.
• 1603 - The Espiritú Santo hospital is founded in Getsemaní.
• 1610 - Rey Felipe III establishes the Tribunal de Penas del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición.
• 1612 - Cartagena Cathedral built.
• 1614
  • The Tribunal de Penas del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición proceeds with the first "act of faith".
  • Stonework starts at Baluarte de Santo Domingo for the construction of the wall.
• 1620 - Getsemaní is completely edificated. Its cabidity under the construction of Cartagena's wall is debated.
• 1625 - The Aduana building is concluded.
• 1630 - Population: 6.000
• 1635 - The famous Cartagena Wall is completed, making Cartagena a military hub.
• 1636 - Some Portuguese immigrants are submitted to an "act of faith", accused of practicing judaism.
• 

  1735 city map.
  1646 - Castillo de San Luis de Bocachica (fort) construction begins.
• 1651 - Yellow fever epidemic in Cartagena.
• 1654 - Church of San Pedro Claver built.
• 1657 - El fuerte de San Felipe (fort) is built over the San Lázaro hill.
• 1683 - Raid on Cartagena (1683).
• 1684 - Population: 7.341
• 1697 - May 6: Raid on Cartagena (1697).
• 1708 - Wager's Action, a naval confrontation on 8 June 1708, between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet off the coast near Cartagena
• 1709 - Population: 4.556
• 1710 - The city is fully recovered from what the last raid destroyed.
• 1717 - Cartagena becomes part of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada.
• 1730 - The San Carlos Hospital and the Poors Hospital open.
• 1732 - El templo Santo Toribio (temple) built.
• 1735 - Franciscan Church of the Third Order built.^[7]
• 1741 - Battle of Cartagena de Indias.^[6]
• 1757 - Governor of Cartagena dictates the closing of Bocagrande's channel, making a peninsula, now called Bocagrande.
• 1767 - After the expulsion of the jesuits the San Juan de Dios hospital is relocated.
• 1769 - El fuerte de San Felipe is reinforced and enlarged by Antonio de Árevalo, becoming the biggest fort in Cartagena.
• 1770 - Palace of Inquisition built (approximate date).
• 1777 - 13.700 inhabitants.
• 1780 - El espigón de La Tenaza (shore end) built.
• 1785 - Antonio de Árevalo builds nine instalations for ill people in Caño del Oro, Tierrabomba island.
• 1795 - Consulado (merchant guild) established.^[8]
• 1796 - Military barracks (known as Bóvedas) aside of the wall, are finished.

19th century

• 1809 - 17.600 inhabitants.
• 1810 - May 22: Cartagena declares independence from Spanish colonial rule.^[2]
• 1811 - Cartagena becomes part of the newly formed United Provinces of New Granada.^[9]
• 1815
  • March: Simón Bolívar blocks Cartagena for two months and takes military weapons in order to recuperate sister city Santa Marta.
  • August: Asedio de Cartagena occurs during the independence war of Colombia, losing 1/3 of the population.
  • Population: 18.708
• 1816
  • Pablo Morillo returns to Cartagena, in the so-called "reconquest".
  • The nine martyrs are written off by the court-martial, accusing them of betrayal to the Spanish crown.
• 1821
  • Royalists surrender Cartagena to Simón Bolivar's forces after a 21-month siege.^[10]
  • Cartagena becomes capital of the Magdalena department.
• 1824 - War of independence finishes.
• 1827 - University of Cartagena established.
• 1835 - 11.929 inhabitants, population decreased significantly since the independence.
• 1843 - Bartolomé Calvo Library founded.
  

  Torre del Reloj (clock tower).
• 1849
  • Cholera plague hits Cartagena, 1/3 of the population decease.
  • El Porvenir newspaper begins publication.
• 1850 - La Republica newspaper begins publication.^[11]
• 1857 - The province of Cartagena is designated the name of Bolívar department, in honor to Simón Bolívar.
• 1870 - El camellón de los Mártires (median strip) built, making a social place for the Cartagenero.
• 1885 - The ermitage of El cabrero is built by the 4 times president Rafael Nuñez for his wife.
• 1888 - A republican-style clock tower, Torre del reloj (Cartagena) is built over the entrance of the wall.
• 1889 - Public Library José Fernandez de Madrid opens.^[12]
• 1891 - El Espinal, El Cabrero, Manga and Pie de La Popa, become townships.
• 1892 - Dispute on the terrains of La Boquilla.
• 1894
  • Cartagena's railway inaugurated, connecting the capital of the Bolivar department to the Magdalena river.
  • Muelle de la Machina (dock) inaugurated.^[13]
• 1896 - Bolivar statue erected in Bolívar Park (Cartagena, Colombia).^[7]
• 1898 - After a big depression, economy recuperates. Volume of exportation: 34.653 tons.

20th century - Republican era

• 1904 - Mercado de Getsemaní (public market building) inaugurated.
• 1905
  • The wall gate "Paz y progreso" is opened while the controversial "murallicidio".
  • Urbanization in the Manga island starts, it is held by Henrique Luis Román who also built the H.L Román bridge. Connecting Getsemaní and Manga.
  • Population: 9.861
• 1907 - Bolivar bank building inaugurated.
• 1909 - Industrial park "El limbo" operates.
• 1911 - Teatro Heredia and Centenary Park (Cartagena) opens.
• 1912 - Demographic rate peaks to 3.2% until 1951. Important immigration to the city takes place.
• 1915 - Chamber of Commerce of Cartagena founded, 150 companies registered.^[14]
• 1918 - Population: 50.000
• 1920
  • "Compañia Colombiana de Navegación Aerea" (airline) builds an airport in the terrains of Bocagrande.
  • Club Cartagena opens.
• 1923 - An oil pipeline is built between "Las Infantas" camp in Santander and Cartagena's bay.
• 1928
  • Banco de la Republica [national bank) building inaugurated, designed by the recognized Belgian architect, Joseph Martens.
  • The Spirit of Saint Louis lands in Cartagena's airport.
• 1930
  • SCADTA (airline) builds an airfield in the Manzanillo island.
  • The Andean corporation urbanizes Bocagrande's peninsula giving shelter and entertainment to its workers.
• 1931
  • Fire in "La Machina" port.
  • US president Franklin D. Roosevelt visits Cartagena.^[12]
• 1934
  • Port of Cartagena inaugurated.
  • September: Naval base "ARC Bolívar" is inaugurated in Bocagrande.^[15]
  • Miss Colombia beauty pageant begins.^[16]
• 1938
  • Population: 73,190.^[6]
  • Water bombing from canal del Dique, and water purification in Piedra de Bolívar starts.
• 1939 - Club de Pesca of Cartagena (fishing club of Cartagena) founded in the Fuerte de San Sebastian del Pastelillo.^[17]
• 1941 - the Caribe Hotel in business.
• 1947
  • LANSA (Colombia) (airline) builds two runways in the Crespo suburb. Called "Airport of Crespo".
  • Estadio Once de Noviembre (stadium) opens.
• 1948 - El Universal newspaper begins publication.^[18]
• 1951 - Service of Cartagena's railroad is suspended due to navegability through Canal del Dique.
• 1956 - Cartagena Refinery of oil commissioned.
• 1958 - Estadio Jaime Morón León (stadium) opens.
• 1959 - Cartagena's historic center is declared a national monument.
• 1960 - Cartagena Film Festival begins.
• 1961
  • Comfenalco (Compensation fund of Cartagena) established.
  • Navy cadet school Almirante Padilla moved to the Manzanillo island.^[19]
• 1965 - Fire destroys the Mercado de Getsemaní (public market).
• 1967 - Mamonal industrial complex consolidated.
• 1968 - Santander Avenue inaugurated, an important avenue which rounds the Cartagena wall.
• 1970 - Universidad Tecnologica de Bolivar first private university in the city, founded.
• 1974
  • Private-state enterprise Ecopetrol takes the administration of the Cartagena oil refinery.
  • Statue of India Catalina erected in La Matuna.
• 1977 - New public market Bazurto is built. The building is recognized as architectural heritage of Colombia.
• 1978 - The semi destroyed Mercado de Getsemaní is finally demolished.^[20]
• 1979 - Centro de conveciones Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala (convention center) starts its construction.
• 1980
  • Hilton Cartagena inaugurated, becoming the first Hilton Hotel in Colombia.
  • La Vitrola restaurant in business.^[21]
• 1982
  • Caribbean Music Festival begins.^[16]
  • Museo del Oro (Cartagena) (gold museum) inaugurated.
• 1984
  • Cartagena's colonial walled city and fortress designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Archivo Historico de Cartagena (historical registry of Cartagena) established.^[12]
  • Romancing The Stone filmed in Cartagena's historic center.
• 1985
  • García Márquez's fictional Love in the Time of Cholera published.
  • Population: 513,986.^[9]
• 1986 - The airport of Crespo is renamed as Rafael Nuñez in tribute to the centenary of the constitution.
• 1991 - Cartagena is declared touristic and cultural district of Colombia.
• 1993 - Sociedad Portuaria de Cartagena acquires the administration of Cartagena's port.
• 1996 - SACSA (airline) acquires the administration of the Rafael Núñez International Airport.
• 1997 - Jorge Artel Library is opened, it serves to the southwestern districts, the poorest ones.
• 1999 - The American Hispanic Culture Library opens.

21st century

• 2003 - Transcaribe transit system construction begins.
• 2005
  • 875.730 inhabitants according to national census.
  • Torre de la Escollera construction begins.
• 2006
  • July: XX Central American and Caribbean games celebrated in Cartagena.
  • Ecopetrol and Glencore establish the Sociedad Refinería de Cartagena SA (Cartagena's refinery society).
• 2008
  • Judith Pinedo Flórez becomes mayor.
  • Caribe Plaza opens.^[22]
• 

  Transcaribe bus.
  2012
  • April: Summit of the Americas held in Cartagena.
  • Campo Elías Terán becomes mayor, succeeded by Carlos Otero Gerdts.
  • Mall Plaza El Castillo opens.
• 2013
  • Marine outfall inaugurated.
  • Dionisio Vélez becomes mayor.
• 2014
  • Cartagena's population reaches 1 million inhabitants.
  • Bocagrande Plaza opens.^[23]
• 2015
  • October: Modernization and ampliation of the Cartagena's refinery finishes.^[24]
  • November: Transcaribe BRT starts operating.
  • December: Sunken 18th century Spanish galleon San José rediscovered offshore.^[25]
• 2016 - Peace accords between the Colombian Government and the FARC are signed in the Turbay Ayala convention center, assembling presidents from different countries, and big personalities such as Ban Ki Moon.

See also

• History of Cartagena, Colombia
• List of mayors of Cartagena
• List of Governors of the Province of Cartagena

Other cities in Colombia

• Timeline of Bogotá
• Timeline of Cali
• Timeline of Ocaña, Colombia

References

1. http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/hicol/hico6.htm
2. Harvey F. Kline (2012). Historical Dictionary of Colombia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7955-3.
3. "Northern Andes, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
4. Catholic Encyclopedia 1908.
5. http://www.hotellasamericas.com.co/visita-cartagena/ES/descubre/historia
6. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 339, OL 6112221M
7. Gómez 2004.
8. Ralph Lee Woodward Jr. (2013) [2005], "Merchant Guilds", in Cynthia Clark Northrup, Encyclopedia of World Trade, Routledge, ISBN 9780765682680
9. Marley 2005.
10. Spencer C. Tucker,, ed. (2010). Global chronology of conflict from the ancient world to the modern Middle East. USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 1139. ISBN 9781851096725.
11. "Cartagena (Colombia) -- Prensa". Biblioteca Virtual (in Spanish). Colombia: Actividad Cultural del Banco de la República. Retrieved January 30, 2015.
12. http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/modosycostumbres/cartag/cartag0.htm
13. http://albatros.puertocartagena.com/opadmco.nsf/vstRefLinkDoc/72F387B7240ACAC1052573B5004DC5A3
14. http://www.cccartagena.org.co/quienessomos.php
15. http://www.webinfomil.com/2014/09/base-naval-arc-bolivar-cartagena.html
16. Streicker 1997.
17. http://www.clubdepescadecartagena.com/el-club
18. "Colombia: Directory". Europa World Year Book 2003. Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
19. http://www.escuelanaval.edu.co/index.php/historial-de-noticias/333-escuela-naval-de-cadetes-almirante-padilla-80-anos-formando-lideres-navales
20. http://www.eluniversal.com.co/suplementos/dominical/de-getsemani-bazurto
21. "La Vitrola: El restaurante de Cartagena preferido por los famosos", El Universal (in Spanish), March 28, 2012
22. http://www.cccaribeplaza.com/conocenos
23. http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/centros-comerciales-en-cartagena/14772515
24. http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/refineria-de-cartagena/16409666
25. "Colombia says treasure-laden San Jose galleon found", BBC News, 5 December 2015

This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Josiah Conder (1830), "Cartagena", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
• "Cartagena". Commercial Directory of Latin America. Washington DC: Bureau of the American Republics. 1892.
• M. de Moreira (1908). "Cartagena". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
• "Cartagena", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• William Alfred Hirst (1915), "Cartagena", Guide to South America, New York: Macmillan Company
• Joel Streicker (1997). "Spatial Reconfigurations, Imagined Geographies, and Social Conflicts in Cartagena, Colombia". Cultural Anthropology. 12. JSTOR 656615.
• David Marley (2005), "Cartagena", Historic Cities of the Americas, Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1576070271

in Spanish

• José P. Urueta (1880). Cartagena y sus cercanías, guia descriptiva de la capital de estado soberano de Bolivar [Cartagena and its surroundings, descriptive guide to the capital of the sovereign state of Bolivar] (in Spanish). Cartagena: Donaldo E. Grau.
• Eduardo Lemaitre. Breve historia de Cartagena (Cartagena, 1958). In Spanish.
• Eduardo Lemaitre. Historia general de Cartagena. Bogotá: Banco de la República, 1983. In Spanish.
• Maruja Redondo Gómez (2004). "Proceso cronologico de estructuracion urbana". Cartagena de Indias: cinco siglos de evolución urbanística (in Spanish). U. Jorge Tadeo Lozano. ISBN 978-958-9029-63-3.
• Atlas historico de Cartagena. http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/noviembre2001/cartagena.htm
• Cartagena de Indias, visión panoramica. http://www.banrepcultural.org/revista-91
• Banco de la Republica, Cartagena. http://www.banrepcultural.org/cartagena/historia

External links

• Map of Cartagena, 1994
• Items related to Cartagena, Colombia, various dates (via Europeana)