Flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase
| flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 2.4.1.91 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 50812-18-5 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / EGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
In enzymology, a flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.91) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
- UDP-glucose + a flavonol UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and flavonol, whereas its two products are UDP and flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.The flavonoids that can act as substrates within this reaction include quercetin, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, kaempferid, fisetin, and isorhamnetin. Flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase is a hexosyl group transfer enzyme.[1]
This enzyme participates in flavonoid biosynthesis and causes the formation of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins produce a purple color in the plant tissues that they are present in.[2]
It is an enzyme found most notably in grapes (Vitis vinifera).[3] This enzyme is found within a number of other plants as well--such as snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus), kale (Brassica oleracea), and grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi).[4]
Pathways
This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The primary function of this enzyme within its pathway is binding a glucoside onto a flavonol molecule, forming a flavonol 3-O-glucoside.[5] It is through this mechanism that the enzyme converts anthocyanidins to anthocyanins as a part of the phenylpropanoid pathway.
Inhibitors of the Enzyme
Some of the inhibitors of this enzyme include CaCl2, CoCl2, Cu+2, CuCl2, KCl, Mg+2, and Mn+2.[6]
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:flavonol 3-O-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include:
- GTI,
- uridine diphosphoglucose-flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase,
- UDP-glucose:flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and
- UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT).
Among those, UFGT is divided into UDP-glucose: Flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) and UDP-glucose: Flavonoid 5-O-glucosyltransferase (UF5GT), which are responsible for the glucosylation of anthocyanins to produce stable molecules.[7]
References
- ↑ http://brenda-enzymes.info/enzyme.php?ecno=2.4.1.91&Suchword=&reference=&organism%5B%5D=Vitis+vinifera&show_tm=0#REACTION TYPE
- ↑ Dooner, H.K. & Nelson, O.E. Biochem Genet (1977) 15: 509. doi:10.1007/BF00520194
- ↑ Kobayashi S, Ishimaru M, Ding CK, Yakushiji H, Goto N (February 2001). "Comparison of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene sequences between white grapes (Vitis vinifera) and their sports with red skin". Plant Sci. 160 (3): 543–550. doi:10.1016/S0168-9452(00)00425-8. PMID 11166442.
- ↑ http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=2.4.1.91
- ↑ http://brenda-enzymes.info/enzyme.php?ecno=2.4.1.91&Suchword=&reference=&organism%5B%5D=Vitis+vinifera&show_tm=0#SOURCE TISSUE
- ↑ http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-49534-5_2
- ↑ Zhao DQ, Han CX, Ge JT, Tao J (November 2012). "Isolation of a UDP-glucose: Flavonoid 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene and expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)". Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 15 (6). doi:10.2225/vol15-issue6-fulltext-7.
Further reading
- Wiermann R (1982). "Formation of flavonol 3-O-diglycosides and flavonol 3-O-triglycosides by enzyme extracts from anthers of Tulipa cv apeldoorn - characterization and activity of 3 different O-glycosyltransferases during anther development". Z. Naturforsch. C. 37: 587–599.
- Sutter A, Grisebach H (1973). "UDP-glucose: flavonol 3-0-glucosyltransferase from cell suspension cultures of parsley". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 309 (2): 289–95. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(73)90027-2. PMID 4731963.