Welsh Liberal Democrats

Welsh Liberal Democrats Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol Cymru
Leader	Mark Williams MP
Deputy leader	TBD
Founded	3 March 1988
Headquarters	38 The Parade Roath Cardiff, Wales CF24 3AD
Youth wing	Ieuenctid Rhyddfrydol Cymru
Ideology	Liberalism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism
Political position	Centre
European affiliation	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
International affiliation	Liberal International
European Parliament group	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
Colours	Gold
House of Commons	1 / 40
Welsh Assembly	1 / 60
European Parliament	0 / 4
Local government in Wales	72 / 1,264
Website
www.welshlibdems.wales
Politics of Wales Political parties Elections

The Welsh Liberal Democrats (Welsh: Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol Cymru) are one of the three state parties of the federal Liberal Democrats and operate within Wales, the others being the Scottish Liberal Democrats and the English Liberal Democrats.

They are led by Mark Williams,^[1] and hold 1 of 60 seats in the National Assembly for Wales^[2] and 1 of 40 Welsh seats in the UK Parliament, and none of four Welsh seats in the European Parliament.

Organisation

Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats

• Richard Livsey (1988–1992)
• Alex Carlile (1992–1997)
• Richard Livsey (1997–2001)
• Lembit Öpik (2001–2007)
• Mike German (2007–2008)
• Kirsty Williams (2008–2016)
• Mark Williams (2016–)

Welsh Liberal Democrat Officers

• President of the Welsh Liberal Democrats: Roger Williams
• Deputy President: Cllr Mark Cole
• Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats: Mark Williams
• Deputy Leader:

Youth wing

The youth wing of the party is IR Cymru (Liberal Youth Wales).

• Chair of IR Cymru: Sara Lloyd Williams

Policy platform

The Welsh Liberal Democrats promote liberalism as their main ideology, as well as further devolved powers for the National Assembly for Wales.

Elected representatives

Assembly Members (AMs)

Assembly Member	Constituency or Region	First elected	Spokespersons	Notes
Kirsty Williams	Brecon and Radnorshire	1999	Cabinet Secretary for Education

Members of Parliament (MPs)

Member of Parliament	Constituency	First elected	Notes
Mark Williams	Ceredigion	2005	Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats

Members of the House of Lords

Peer	Ennobled	Notes
Lord Carlile of Berriew	1999	MP for Montgomeryshire 1983 - 1997
Lord German	2010	AM for South Wales East 1999 - 2010
Baroness Humphreys	2013	AM for North Wales 1999 - 2001
Baroness Randerson	2011	AM for Cardiff Central 1999 - 2011
Lord Roberts of Llandudno	2004
Lord Thomas of Gresford	1996
Baroness Walmsley	2000

History

Before 1945

The Liberal Council for Wales was founded by David Lloyd George in 1897. This makes the Welsh Liberals the oldest of the political parties in Wales. It was the first to establish a truly Welsh identity. During the late nineteenth and early twientieth century the Welsh Liberals acted as the home for radical Welsh nationalism. Through politicians such as T. E. ("Tom") Ellis and David Gee and the movement of Cymru Fydd (Wales to be) Welsh nationalism was comparable at times to that occurring in Ireland. Although in Wales the nationalist passion never spilled over into violence and was also counterbalanced by the strong English Liberal capitalist base present within the party. In 1906 the Welsh Liberals reached their peak when 35 of Wales 36 seats had MPs who took the Liberal whip. Up until 1922 the Welsh Liberal dominated Welsh politics and also played a central role in British politics. William Harcourt, Reginald McKenna, David Alfred Thomas, 1st Viscount Rhondda, Sir Alfred Mond and David Lloyd George were just a few of the politicians that held central positions in the party and the various Liberal led governments from 1906-1922. The various splits within the Liberal Party from 1918 onwards, the rise of the Welsh Labour Party in South Wales and the dominance of Lloyd George over the Welsh Liberal Party, all had their impact on Welsh Liberal fortunes. Despite this it was in Wales that the pre-war Liberals support lasted longest in post war British politics.

1945–1983

In 1945 the party had 7 MPs in Wales, mainly in the Welsh speaking north, mid and west Wales seats. Two of these MPs - Gwilym Lloyd George (Pembrokeshire) and Megan Lloyd George (Anglesey) defected to the Conservative and Labour parties, respectively. Clement Davies, who held Montgomeryshire became the post war British Liberal leader. Davies died in 1962 and was succeeded by Emlyn Hooson, who then set about rebuilding the Welsh Liberal Party. When the last of the post war Welsh Liberal MP - Roderic Bowen (Cardiganshire) lost his seat in the 1966 general election Hooson, Lord Ogmore, Martin Thomas (Lord Thomas of Gresford), Roger Roberts (Lord Roberts of Llandudno) and Mary Murphy established the Welsh Liberal Party as a separate state party within the Liberal Party's federal structure. After its establishment in September 1966 the Liberal Party in Wales had limited success and never really enjoyed the great Liberal revival that had occurred under Jo Grimond in Scotland. Geraint Howells election in Cardiganshire in February 1974 in Cardiganshire re-established the Liberal presence in that seat. In 1979, however, the Welsh Liberals suffered from the Lib-Lab pact and support for the failed devolution referendum resulted in a poor election for the Liberals with over half of the 28 seats it contested losing their deposit. More importantly Emlyn Hooson lost his Montgomeryshire seat leaving the Welsh party once more with a single seat (Howells in Cardiganshire). Hooson would be ennobled later that year and join Howells once more at Westminster.

1983–1997

The arrival of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in Wales gave the party an electoral boost, increased its representation on councils and helped retake the Montgomeryshire seat in 1983 (Alex Carlile) and win the Brecon and Radnor seat in a famous by-election in 1985 (Richard Livsey). In 1988 the SDP and most of the Liberals merged in Wales and after various names the three Welsh MPs insisted on the name being Welsh Liberal Democrats, which set a precedent for the rest of the Liberal Party. In 1992 Howells lost his seat and went to the Lords, Livsey lost Brecon and Radnor, which he would retake again five years later. This left Alex Carlile as the sole Liberal Democrat MP. In 1996 Carlile announced his resignation and he was in turn replaced by Lembit Opik. When Carlile stood down it ended the direct link with the professional Liberal barrister MPs that had been existent in the Welsh Liberal party for its whole history. Carlile became Lord Carlile of Berriew in 1999. Followed in 2001 by Richard Livsey (of Talgarth) and Roger Roberts (of Llandudno) in 2004.

After 1997

In the 1997 general election both Opik and Livsey won their respective seats. Both then went forward to support the successful 1997 Welsh Assembly referendum. They were joined in this campaign by other prominent figures in the Welsh party including Michael German, Jenny Randerson, Peter Black, Roger Williams and Rob Humphreys. With the exception of Humphreys, all of the others would soon gain electoral office either in the Welsh Assembly or Westminster Parliament. The Welsh Assembly elections in 1999 provided the party with six more elected representatives for Wales to join their two MPs, and three Welsh lords. At Westminster Roger Williams took over from Richard Livsey in Brecon and Radnor in 2001. In 2005 Mark Williams won the Ceredigion seat (formerly held by Geraint Howells) and Jenny Willott won the Cardiff Central seat. The later was the first Liberal urban seat victory in Wales since 1935 and the first female Liberal MP in Wales since 1951. These four MPs were also the highest since 1950 for the Liberal Party in Wales. It was Lembit Opik who now headed the party at Westminster.

In 1998 Michael German was elected as leader of the Welsh party. It was German who led the new Assembly group. Between 2001 and 2003, the party were in a coalition with Welsh Labour Party in the National Assembly. In this Labour led government Michael German was Deputy Minister whilst Jenny Randerson also held a ministerial post. Randerson's post made her the first female Liberal in the party's history to hold ministerial office. The Welsh Liberal enjoyed a break through in local government in 2003, leading Swansea, Bridgend, Cardiff and Wrexham councils, with cabinet members on many more Welsh councils. In the 2003 Welsh Assembly elections the party remained stuck on six (Assembly Members) AMs. They remained on this figure in the 2007 elections and were reduced to five in the 2011 elections. In 2008 German stood down as leader and was replaced by Kirsty Williams (the AM for Brecon and Radnor) in a contest with Jenny Randerson (Cardiff Central). Both German and Randerson subsequently went to the House of Lords. Baroness Randerson become the first Welsh female Liberal peer ever to sit in the House of Lords. Her two predecessors Viscountess St Davids and the 2nd Viscountess Rhondda who had been ennobled in the earlier half of the twentieth century had died before women were allowed to sit in the House of Lords. Michael German was replaced as the South Wales East Assembly member by his wife Veronica German. In May 2011, however, Veronica German failed to get re-elected in South Wales East in an Assembly election that saw the Welsh Liberal Democrats return 5 AMs.

In September 2012 Baroness Randerson was appointed as the unpaid Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Wales Office. This was the first time a Welsh Liberal Democrat had held ministerial office at Westminster since 1945. Randerson was also the first female politician from the Welsh Liberals ever to hold a UK ministerial office.

Electoral performance

UK House of Commons

This chart shows the electoral results of the Welsh Liberals, and later Liberal Democrats, from its first election in 1900. Total number of parliamentary seats, and vote percentage, is for Wales only.

Year	Percentage of vote in Wales	Number of Seats	Government In Power
1900	58.5	27 / 34	Conservative & Liberal Unionist Victory
1906	60.2	32 / 34	Liberal Victory
1910 (January)	52.3	27 / 34	Liberal Victory
1910 (December)	47.9	26 / 34	Liberal Victory
1918	48.9	20 / 35	'Coalition' Conservative Hung Parliament / 'Coalition' Liberal Victory (Welsh Liberal Prime Minister)
1922	34.2	10 / 35	Conservative Victory
1923	35.4	11 / 35	Conservative Hung Parliament
1924	31.0	10 / 35	Conservative Victory
1929	33.5	9 / 35	Labour Hung Parliament
1931	21.5	8 / 35	Conservative Victory
1935	22.2	9 / 35	National Government (Conservative) Victory
1945	14.9	6 / 35	Labour Victory
1950	12.6	5 / 36	Labour Victory
1951	7.6	3 / 36	Conservative Victory
1955	7.3	3 / 36	Conservative Victory
1959	5.3	2 / 36	Conservative Victory
1964	7.3	2 / 36	Labour Victory
1966	6.3	1 / 36	Labour Victory
1970	6.8	1 / 36	Conservative Victory
February 1974	16.0	2 / 36	Labour Hung Parliament
October 1974	15.5	2 / 36	Labour Victory
1979	10.6	1 / 36	Conservative Victory
1983	23.2	2 / 36	Conservative Victory
1987	10.7	3 / 36	Conservative Victory
1992	12.4	1 / 36	Conservative Victory
1997	12.3	2 / 40	Labour Victory
2001	13.8	2 / 40	Labour Victory
2005	18.4	4 / 40	Labour Victory
2010	20.1	3 / 40	Conservative Hung Parliament / Coalition with Liberal Democrats
2015	6.5	1 / 40	Conservative Victory

Welsh Assembly

Year	Percentage vote in Wales constituency	Percentage vote in Wales regional list	Number of Seats constituency	Number of Seats regional list	Government in Power Wales
1999	13.5	12.5	3	3	Labour/Liberal Democrat coalition
2003	14.1	12.7	3	3	Labour
2007	14.8	11.7	3	3	Labour/Plaid coalition
2011	10.6	8.0	1	4	Labour minority
2016	7.7	6.5	1	0	Labour/Liberal Democrat coalition

The representation of Welsh Liberal Democrats in the 5th Assembly (2016–2021) falls below the threshold of three Assembly Members required to form a political group.^[3]

See also

• Liberal Democrats
• English Liberal Democrats
• Scottish Liberal Democrats
• Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats

References

1. "Welsh Assembly election: Lib Dem leader steps down". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
2. "Welsh Assembly elections 2016". BBC News. 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
3. "Assembly Guidance". www.assembly.wales. Retrieved 2016-05-06.