Worcester, Massachusetts firsts

Worcester firsts

Worcester resident Harvey Ball's iconic smiley face

• The Declaration of Independence was first publicly read in Massachusetts by Isaiah Thomas in Worcester in July 1776.^[1]
• The monkey wrench was invented by Loring Coes of the Coes Knife Company in 1840.^[2]
• In 1847, the first commercial valentine was mass-produced in Worcester by Esther Howland.^[3]
• Worcester blacksmith Albert Tolman is said to have invented the rickshaw in 1848 for a missionary traveling to South America (There are, however, numerous other theories about the origin of the rickshaw.)^[2]
• The first national convention of women advocating women's suffrage was held in Worcester on October 23 and 24, 1850.^[2]
• Worcester resident Joshua C. Stoddard invented the steam calliope in 1855.^[4]
• Candy Cummings is reputed to have thrown the first ever curveball pitch in Worcester in 1867 while playing for the Brooklyn Stars. It was a strike.^[2]
• Lee Richmond of the Worcesters pitched the first perfect game in major league baseball history on June 12, 1880.^[2]
• Candlepin bowling was first developed in Worcester in 1880.
• The founding meeting of the American Psychology Association was held at Clark University in 1892.^[5]
• Worcester resident Henry Perky became the first to mass-produce shredded wheat in 1895.^[2]
• Between September 6–10, 1909, Sigmund Freud delivered his only American lectures at Clark University ("Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis" later published as "On Psychoanalysis"). Carl Jung joined him, and William James attended.
• Albert A. Michelson, chairman of Clark University's Physics Department, was named America's first Nobel Prize winner in 1902 for his experiments relating to his calculation of the speed of light.^[6]
• Dr. Robert H. Goddard of Worcester Polytechnic Institute's class of 1908 and later Clark University patented the first liquid fuel rocket in 1914.
• The combined oral contraceptive pill was developed by the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology in the Worcester suburb of Shrewsbury.^[2]
• Charles Olson, a poet and Worcester native, coined the term "postmodern" in his 1958 essay "The Present is Prologue".
• Harvey Ball designed the world famous Smiley face in 1963.^[2]
• Charles Hill Morgan patented a direct-action hydraulic elevator and installed the first one.
• The David Clark Company designed and built a pressure suit for Felix Baumgartner's world-record skydive attempt in 2010. The jump, if successful, will make the suit (and Felix) the first to travel supersonic in free-fall.

References

1. Declaration of Independence: First Public Readings
2. Regional Info >> Unique Worcester County Facts
3. Valentine Exhibition- Origins of the Valentine
4. Mechanical Music Digest - Calliope
5. Psychology Department ~ Clark University
6. Albert Abraham Michelson 1852-1931