Chennai Metro

Chennai Metro
சென்னை மெட்ரோ

A train arriving at the Koyambedu metro station.
Overview
Native name சென்னை மெட்ரோ ரயில்
Owner Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)[1][2]
Locale Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Transit type Rapid Transit
Number of lines 2
Number of stations 13 (operational)
42 (Phase I)
Website chennaimetrorail.org
Operation
Began operation 29 June 2015 (2015-06-29)
Operator(s) CMRL
Number of vehicles 42 (Phase I)
Train length 86.5 m (284 ft)
Technical
System length 20.28 km (12.60 mi) (operational)[3]
45.1 km (28.0 mi) (Phase I)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification 25 kV, 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary
Top speed 80 km/h (50 mph)
System map

The Chennai Metro, officially Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), is a rapid transit system serving the city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The system commenced revenue service in 2015 after partially opening during the first phase of the project, which consists of lines along two corridors covering a length of 45.1 kilometres (28.0 mi).[4] The Government of India approved the plan for 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) extension in 2016.[5]

Upon completion, the Chennai Metro will be the first metro project in India that will integrate other public transportation systems and the project is expected to reduce the commuting time by 75% from one end of the city to the other. The system would also takeover the existing Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System, which would be upgraded to operate using the rolling stock of the Chennai Metro.[6] CMRL was recognised by the International Association of Public Transport in 2011.[7]

The construction began in June 2009 and the first stretch covering the seven stations from Koyambedu to Alandur over a distance of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), began operation on 29 June 2015.[3][8][9] On 21 September 2016 the section between Chennai airport and Little Mount commenced operations[10]As on 14th Oct 2016, Chennai Metro opened operations on the 1.28km stretch from Alandur to St Thomas Mount, thus making the entire elevated stretch of Green line and also the entire elevated stretch of Chennai Metro Phase I is now functional.

History

Background

Chennai had an established Chennai Suburban Railway network, which dates back to 1931 operating on a metre-gauge line from Beach to Tambaram. Two more suburban networks, Chennai Central–Arakkonam and Chennai Central–Gummidipoondi began operations in 1985. The first phase of Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System between Chennai Beach and Thirumyilai opened in 1997 with extension to Velachery in 2007.[11] Modeled after the Delhi Metro, a similar metro rail system was planned for Chennai by Delhi Metro chief E Sreedharan, at the request of Government of Tamil Nadu.

Planning

In 2007-08, ₹50 crore (US$7.4 million) was sanctioned for preliminary works which included a Detailed Project Report to be prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[12] The project was approved by the state cabinet on 7 November 2007 and was be executed by a Special Purpose Vehicle, the Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL). Seven lines were planned by the DMRC for the Chennai Metro network.[13] Planning commission gave in-principle approval for the project on 16 April 2008.[14] On 21 November 2009, a deal was signed with Japan Banking Corporation for loan.[15]

Construction

In February 2009, Hyderabad-based Soma Enterprise was awarded a ₹199.2 crore (US$30 million) contract for the construction of a 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) long viaduct along the Inner Ring Road.[16] In March 2009, a five-member consortium led by Egis Rail SA, France was awarded US$ 30 million contract for general consultancy contract.[17] On May 20, CMRL started to evaluate the integration of Metro corridor with the planned grade separator at the junction of Arcot Road and Jawaharlal Nehru Road.[18] The construction started on 10 June 2009 with the piling work for the elevated viaduct between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stretch. In July 2009, tenders were invited for supplying rolling stock and construction of elevated viaducts for Phase I of the metro.[19][20]

In January 2011, Larsen and Toubro was awarded the contract for elevated viaducts for ₹314.43 crore (US$47 million).[21] In March 2011, Chennai Metro reached an agreement with Government of Japan for a loan of ₹2,932.6 crore (US$440 million) for the second phase.[22][23] In June, tenders for the elevated stations of the first phase was awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium Limited.[24][25] In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to Alstom at a cost of ₹1,471.3 crore (US$220 million).[26][27] It was announced that the first phase will be extended by 8.9 kilometres (5.5 mi) and Larsen and Toubro was awarded a contract to construct a depot at Koyambedu.[28][29] In December 2010, DMRC submitted a report for extending Corridor-I from Washemenpet to Wimco Nagar, a distance of 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) at an estimated cost of ₹2,240 crore (US$330 million).[30]

In January 2011, a ₹449.22 crore (US$67 million) contract for design and construction of track works was awarded to a joint venture of L&T and Alstom and a ₹198 crore (US$29 million) contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation.[31][32] In February 2011, contracts were awarded for the construction of underground sections of the first phase.[33][34] The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to Siemens for ₹305 crore (US$45 million).[35] Contracts for Automatic Fare Collection (AFC), tunnel ventilation and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, Emirates Trading Agency and Voltas for ₹109.88 crore (US$16 million), ₹241.83 crore (US$36 million) and ₹196.2 crore (US$29 million).[36]

On 7 April 2012, the Madras High Court dismissed a petition filed by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage challenging the demolition of a building on Anna Salai.[37] In July 2012, the first tunnel boring machine was launched and by October 2012, eleven machines were commissioned to bore tunnels along the underground stretch by three consortiums, namely Afcons-Transtonnelstroy, L&T and SUCG, Gammon India and Mosmetrostroy involved in the construction.[38] On 6 November 2013, the test run along a stretch of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) track was conducted.[39] On 14 February 2014, the maiden trial run for the metro was conducted between the Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stations.[40][41][42] In August 2014, the metro received the statutory speed certification clearance from the Research Design and Standards Organisation.[43][44] In January 2015, a report was ssubmitted to the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety for approval.[45] In April 2015, the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety inspected the rolling stock and submitted a report to the Railway Board.[46][47][48][49] On 29 June 2015, commercial operations started between Alandur and Koyambedu stations.[50]Almost a year later, on 21 September 2016, commercial operations commenced between Chennai International Airport metro station and Little Mount.

Network

Routes

Line Terminal First operational Last extension Length
(km)		 Underground
(km)		 Underground
stations		 Elevated
stations		 Interchange
     Blue Line Washermanpet Chennai International Airport 21 September 2016 — 23.1 14.3 11 6 Suburban, MRTS
     Blue Line Extension Washermanpet Wimco Nagar 2019 — 9 2.3 2 6 Suburban
     Green Line Chennai Central St Thomas Mount 29 June 2015 14 October 2016 22 9.7 9 8 Suburban, MRTS

Chennai Metro Phase I

Blue Line: Wimco Nagar — Chennai Airport [32.1 km]
Green Line: Chennai Central — St Thomas Mount [22 km]

Legend

Wimco Nagar
Tiruvottiyur
Gowri Ashram
Thangal
Tolgate
Tondiarpet
Korrukupet

Washermanpet
Basin Bridge
Mannadi

High Court
Chennai Central

Chennai Fort

Chennai Central
Egmore

Chennai Central
Nehru Park

Chennai Park
Kilpauk Medical College

Park Town
TN Legislative Assembly

Chintadripet
Pachaiyappa's College
See MRTS
Shenoy Nagar
Anna Nagar East
LIC
Anna Nagar Tower
Thirumangalam

Thousand Lights
Koyambedu Depot
Gemini
Koyambedu
CMBT
Teynampet
Arumbakkam
Vadapalani

Chamiers Road
Ashok Nagar
Saidapet
Ekkattuthangal
Little Mount
Alandur
Guindy
Nanganallur Road

St. Thomas Mount
Meenambakkam

See MRTS
Chennai International Airport

The Blue Line intends to cover the Anna Salai stretch and Green Line covers the Poonamallee High Road and Inner Ring Road with the Blue Line being extended from Washermanpet to Tiruvottiyur.[51][52]

Future expansion

Rail network in Chennai

Three lines covering a distance of 63 kilometres (39 mi) were proposed for the second phase of the network.[53][54] In 2012, the prior plans were scrapped and a fresh study was commissioned.[55][56] The State government set aside ₹36,000 crore (US$5.3 billion) for the second phase which is estimated to be completed by 2024.[57][58] Surveys are set to begin, by September-2015, for a Detailed Project Report (DPR) on, the proposed, three new lines - and they are expected to complete in six to eight months.[59] The initial plan was later modified to cover 88 kilometres (55 mi).[60] In November-2015, the CMRL was looking into possibility of extending the 3 lines by additional 35 kilometres (22 mi).[61]

Line Terminal Length
(km)
Line 3 Madhavaram Siruseri 41 kilometres (25 mi)[62]
Line 4 Koyambedu Lighthouse 14 kilometres (8.7 mi)[63]
Line 5 Madhavaram Perumbakkam 32 kilometres (20 mi)

Several studies and proposals have been made to identify new lines to augment the two lines under construction. Two lines have been proposed in the comprehensive transportation study submitted by Wilbur Smith Associates from Medavakkam to St Thomas Mount and Pattinambakkam to Lighthouse.[64] A metro line from Thiruvanmiyur to Kottivakkam was proposed by CMRL in the steering committee meeting of the Department of Highways and Minor Ports as an alternate for the East Coast Elevated Expressway[65] A project study was conducted to establish links between Moolakadai, Thirumangalam, Thiruvanmiyur and Iyyappanthangal.[66]

Takeover of MRTS

The MRTS, operated by Southern Railway, is proposed to be taken over by the CMRL thereby bringing all the elevated tracks and underground tracks inside the city under one organisation.[67][68] Upon completion of the takeover, all current MRTS trains would become air conditioned and consequently, the fares would be raised to match that of the current Metro. The takeover is expected to be completed by the year 2021.[69]

Financials

When the project was initiated in 2007, the estimated cost of the first phase was ₹14,600 crore (US$2.2 billion) with a forecasted 5% increase.[70] As of 2014, the cost for the first phase escalated to ₹20,000 crore (US$3.0 billion).[71] The cost for the second phase was estimated at ₹36,000 crore (US$5.3 billion) with the project funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA has sanctioned concessional loan amounts of ₹8,877 crore (US$1.3 billion) for the project.[72]

Operations

Chennai Metro runs in standard gauge measuring 1,435 millimetres (56.5 in) and the lines are double-tracked.[73] The rail tracks were manufactured in Brazil and the raw material was supplied by Tata Steel. The average speed of operation is 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph) and maximum speed is 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph).[74] Chennai Metro operates trains from 6:00 am to 22:00 hours [75]with a frequency of one train every 4.5 minutes in peak hours and every 15 minutes in lean hours.[76] CMRL plans to increase the frequency to one train every 2.5 minutes once footfalls reach 600,000 passengers a day.[77]

Ticketing

The minimum fare is ₹ 10 and the maximum fare is ₹ 40.[78] The first car in each train will be first class with tickets costing twice as much as the second class tickets.[79][80]

Administration and maintenance

The Chennai metro has a depot at Koyambedu with ballast-less tracks of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi). The depot houses maintenance workshops, stabling lines, a test track and a washing plant for the trains.[81] It also houses the Operational Control Centre (OCC) where the movement of trains and real-time CCTV footages obtained from the stations and on-board cameras is monitored.[82] The company plans to build a headquarters building near the facility.[83]

Infrastructure

Rolling Stock

Alstom was awarded the contract to supply 168 coaches to Chennai Metro at a cost of ₹1,470 crore (US$220 million).[84] Alstom will supply 42 train-sets composed of four coaches each with each car measuring 22.5 metres (74 ft) in length and can accommodate 319 passengers.[85] The trains will have a first-class compartment and a women's section with 14 seats in the first-class car and 44 seats in the normal car. The first nine trains will be imported from Brazil and the remaining will be manufactured at a new facility set up Tada about 75 kilometres (47 mi) from Chennai.[86][87] The trains are air-conditioned with electrically operated automatic sliding doors and a regenerative braking system. The cars will operate on 25 KV AC through an overhead catenary system with a maximum speed of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph).[88]

Power

The trains are connected to the grid via overhead electric cables and are equipped with regenerative braking with a capacity to recover 30–35% of the energy during braking.[89] The metro will require an average of 70 MW of power daily and the electricity will be supplied by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[90] Chennai Metro is also planning to use solar power for five of its stations on the elevated corridor, with a production capacity of 200 KW.[91]

Stations

A total of 32 stations have been planned along the two lines of the first phase with 20 underground stations. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length with cross passages every 250 metres (820 ft) for the maintenance and emergency evacuation.[92] The underground stations will have an average width of 220 metres (720 ft) to 390 metres (1,280 ft) and will go up to 50 feet (15 m) deep from the ground level.[93] The elevated stations will have three levels, namely, street, concourse and platform with the concourse level at an average height of 5.65 metres (18.5 ft) and platforms for boarding at 12.6 metres (41 ft) above the street level.[94] Underground stations will have two levels and will be air-conditioned. The metro stations are disabled and elderly friendly equipped with automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. The stations are equipped with non-slippery flooring with grip-rails, audio announcements and Braille facilities to help visually challenged passengers.[95] Parking facilities will be available only in select stations.[96] None of the stations will be provided with toilets, with the idea of not having passengers inside the station for long hours.[97]

Connections

The metro system will provide connections with various other transportation modes in the city.[98][99][100]

Accidents and incidents

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Home Page of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennaimetrorail.gov.in. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  2. ↑ "Apurva Varma, new Home Secretary; Pankaj Kumar Bansal, New MD, Chennai Metro Rail". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 December 2013.
  3. 1 2 Shivakumar, C (29 June 2015). "It's Your Time to Check Out Chennai Metro Rail". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  4. ↑ "Chennai's Koyambedu-Alandur metro closer to opening". The Economic Times.
  5. ↑ "Centre approves Chennai Metro Rail's extension". chennaivision. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  6. ↑ Janardhanan, Arun (2 August 2014). "Chennai Metro rail likely to take over MRTS". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  7. ↑ "Chennai Metro Rail Newsletter (August 2015)" (PDF). Chennai Metro Rail Limited. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  8. ↑ "Jayalalithaa launches Chennai Metro Rail, Chennaiites flock to enjoy first day first ride". The Times of India.
  9. ↑ "Young Woman Steers Chennai's First Metro Train". NDTV.com. 29 June 2015.
  10. ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/live-chennai-metro-rail-second-stretch-inauguration/article9131275.ece?homepage=true&utm_source=MostPopular&utm_medium=Homepage&utm_campaign=WidgetPromo
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  12. ↑ "TN budget: Metro Rail Project" (PDF). Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  13. ↑ "3 Corridors in Chennai Metro Rail May be Extended by 35 Km". The New Indian Express. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  14. ↑ "Center nod for Metro Rail in Chennai". Times of India. 16 April 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  15. ↑ "Home Page of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennai Metro. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  16. ↑ "Soma Enterprise bags Chennai Metro Rail order". The Hindu Business Line. 19 February 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  17. ↑ Ramesh, Niranjana (10 March 2009). "USD 30 million contract by CMRL". Times of India. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  18. ↑ "Ball set rolling on Vadapalani flyover". The Hindu. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  19. ↑ "Chennai Metro to invite bids for passenger EMUs". Projects Today. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  20. ↑ "CMRL invites bids for construction of elevated viaducts". Projects Today. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  21. ↑ "L&T bags metro contract". Times Chennai. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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  26. ↑ "Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro". Financial Express. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
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  28. ↑ Sreevatsan, Ajai (19 August 2010). "Metro Rail set to be extended to Tiruvottiyur". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  29. ↑ "L&T awarded construction of Metro Rail depot works". The Economic Times. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  30. ↑ "Pursue Phase-II of Chennai Metro: E. Sreedharan". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  31. ↑ "L&T, Alstom venture bags Chennai Metro project". The Hindu. 22 January 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  32. ↑ "Metro Rail awards contract for lifts". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  33. ↑ "Two firms bag 12 underground tunnels & stations work". Times of India. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  34. ↑ "Gammon India bags two Chennai Metro orders worth Rs 19.47 billion". The Economic Times. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  35. ↑ "Siemens wins power supply contract for Chennai metro". Business Standard. 12 February 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  36. ↑ "Work on 'double-decker' structure at Arcot Road". The Hindu. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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  39. ↑ Ramakrishnan, T. (6 November 2013). "Chennai Metro Rail Test Run". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  40. ↑ "Metro Rail Rolls Out a Surprise with Koyambedu-Pillar trial Run". New Indian Express. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  41. ↑ "Chennai Metro holds trial on elevated section". The Hindu Business Line. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
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  43. ↑ "Chennai Metro one stop short of dream run". Deccan Chronicle. 31 August 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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  45. ↑ Shivakumar, C (3 January 2015). "1st Phase Metro Tracks Ready for Safety Test". New Indian Express. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  46. ↑ Kannan, Ramya (7 April 2015). "Metro Rail safety inspected". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  47. ↑ "Koyambedu-Alandur metro closer to opening". Times of India. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  48. ↑ "Conditional clearance for Metro Rail". The Hindu. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  49. ↑ "First Chennai Metro Rail all set to roll out soon". The Hindu. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  50. ↑ "Chennai Metro First Day of Operation". News Exprezz. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  51. ↑ "Metro Rail may cover Tiruvottiyur". The Hindu. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  52. ↑ "Jayalalithaa seeks Modi's help for metro rail". Deccan Chronicle. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
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  54. ↑ "New Metro Rail routes announced". The Hindu. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  55. ↑ "Dropping Metro expansion grave error". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  56. ↑ "TN govt. to carry out study for Chennai Metro phase-II project". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  57. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (13 February 2014). "Rs. 36,000 cr. for Metro phase II". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  58. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (8 March 2014). "No elevated corridor for phase II". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  59. ↑ "Metro rail looks north, west".
  60. ↑ "Fastracked Metro Rail Now on a New Track". New Indian Express. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  61. ↑ "3 Corridors in Chennai Metro Rail May be Extended by 35 Km". New Indian Express. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  62. ↑ C, Shivakumar (18 August 2015). "Fastracked Metro Rail Now on a New Track". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  63. ↑ "Union Cabinet Yet to Approve Metro Rail's Phase I Extn". The New Indian Express. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  64. ↑ "Big plans for transport infrastructure for Chennai". The Hindu. 28 February 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  65. ↑ Srivathsan, A. (18 July 2010). "Metro Rail along ECR deferred". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  66. ↑ Sreevatsan, Ajai (11 January 2011). "Focus on Metro Rail's place in transportation grid". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  67. ↑ Sreevatsan, Ajai (6 August 2010). "Metro Rail may take over MRTS". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  68. ↑ Janardhanan, Arun (2 August 2014). "Chennai Metro rail likely to take over MRTS". The Times of India. Chennai.
  69. ↑ Sunitha Sekar (20 September 2016). "Metro-MRTS merger: Hunt on for consultant". The Hindu.
  70. ↑ Mahajan, Anilesh S. (25 May 2014). "On the right track". Business Today. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  71. ↑ "Phase-II Chennai metro project to cost ₹36,000 crore (US$5.3 billion)". Business Standard. 2 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  72. ↑ "JICA funding for Chennai Metro". JIca (Press release). Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  73. ↑ Srinivasan, Meera (3 February 2013). "Countdown to Chennai Metro begins". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  74. ↑ "Metro rail train zips over city roads". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  75. ↑ http://chennaimetrorail.gov.in/cmrl_ta/TIME%20TABLE.pdf
  76. ↑ "Single train trip to equal 16 buses, 300 cars and 600 bikes". The Hindu. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  77. ↑ Soman, Sandhya (26 July 2012). "Metro rail plans to ply a train every 2.5 minutes". Times of India. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  78. ↑ Rohit, T.K. (30 June 2015). "The costliest Metro in the country". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  79. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (28 October 2013). "Chennai Metro to have 1st class compartment". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  80. ↑ "Metro fares pegged at minimum of Rs. 10". The Hindu. 2 March 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  81. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (16 July 2014). "Chennai Metro to get a second depot". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  82. ↑ Karthikeyan, K. (26 July 2014). "High tech control room for Chennai metro". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  83. ↑ Shivakumar, C. (20 March 2014). "Skyscraper on 10 Acres to House Metro Rail HQ". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  84. ↑ "Alstom completes in Lapa plant the first train for Chennai metro, in India". Alstom (Press release). May 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  85. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (18 July 2014). "All aboard, Chennai Metro". The Hindu.
  86. ↑ "First coach for Chennai Metro by April 2013: Alstom Transport". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  87. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (28 October 2013). "Chennai Metro to have 1st class compartment". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  88. ↑ "Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro for €243 million (approx. INR 1470 crore)". Alstom (Press release). September 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  89. ↑ "First ride in a Chennai Metro train". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  90. ↑ "Metro rail sets up units to power trains, stations to meet year-end deadline to start services". Times of India. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  91. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (9 April 2014). "Chennai Metro to tap solar power for stations". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  92. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (10 August 2014). "First underground Metro network by December 2015". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  93. ↑ "மெட்ரோ ரெயில் சேவைக்காக 50 அடி ஆழத்தில் 1 6 ரெயில் நிலையங்கள் அமைக்கும் பணி தீவிரம்". Dina Thanthi (in Tamil). 28 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  94. ↑ "Chennai Central to be biggest metro station". MagicBricks. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  95. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (20 January 2014). "No clarity on access at Chennai Metro stations yet, say disabled". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  96. ↑ "Metro rail seals fate of shops near Central". The Hindu. 22 July 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  97. ↑ Jose, Jackson (15 December 2014). "Posh Metro will come without toilet facility". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  98. ↑ V, Ayyapan (16 February 2010). "Metro Rail to build flyover at Vadapalani". Times of India. Chennai. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  99. ↑ Jeeva (29 October 2009). "Flyover planned at Arcot Rd jn to ease traffic congestion". Times of India. Chennai. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  100. ↑ Srinivasan, DMeera (15 May 2012). "Metro, flyover merger at Vadapalani hits road bump". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  101. 1 2 Manikandan, K.; Srinivasan, Meera (10 January 2013). "Girder crash kills worker at Chennai Metro Rail site". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  102. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (11 January 2014). "Metro Rail worker dies as crane topples". The Hindu. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  103. ↑ "Software techie dies as iron rod falls on him". New Indian Express. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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