ISO 16610

ISO 16610: Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Filtration is a standard series on filters for surface texture, and provides guidance on the use of these filters in various applications. Filters are used in surface texture in order reduce the bandwidth of analysis in order to obtain functional correlation with physical phenomena such as friction, wear, adhesion, etc. For example, filters are used to separate roughness and waviness from the primary profile, or to create a multiscale decomposition in order to identify the scale at which a phenomenon occurs. Historically, the first roughness measuring instruments - stylus profilometer - used to have electronic filters made of capacitors and resistors that filtered out low frequencies in order to retain frequencies that represent roughness. Later, digital filters replaced analog filters and international standards such as ISO 11562 for the Gaussian filter were published.

Filter toolbox for surface texture

Today, a full set of filters is described in the ISO 16610 standard series. This standard is part of the GPS standards on Geometrical Profuct Specification and Verification, developed by ISO TC 213.

Filter matrix

ISO 16610 is composed of two families of documents, one for profiles (open and closed) and one for surfaces. A general introduction is provided in:

ISO 16610-1: Overview and basic concepts

Profile filters

Profile filters are defined for open profiles, measured along a line by profilometers and expressed as z=f(x), as well as for closed profiles, measured around a circular component by roundness instruments and expressed as radius=f(angle). Most of these standards were first published as a Technical Specification (TS) and later converted to International Standards or withdrawn.

Parts related to profile filters are:

ISO 16610-20: Linear profile filters: Basic concepts (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-21: Linear profile filters: Gaussian filters (published in 2011)
ISO 16610-22: Linear profile filters: Spline filters (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-28: Linear profile filters: End-effects (published as a TS in 2010)
ISO 16610-29: Linear profile filters: Spline wavelets filters (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-30: Robust profile filters: Basic concepts (published as a TS in 2009)
ISO 16610-31: Robust profile filters: Gaussian regression filters (published as a TS in 2010)
ISO 16610-40: Morphological profile filters: Basic concepts (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-41: Morphological profile filters: Disc and horizontal line-segment filters (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-45: Morphological profile filters: Segmentation filters (planned for the future)
ISO 16610-49: Morphological profile filters: Scale space techniques (published in 2015)

Note: ISO/TS 16610-32 on robust spline filters was published as a technical specification in 2009 but was withdrawn in 2015 as it provides very similar results as the Robust Gaussian regression filter while being much more complex.

Areal filters

Areal filters are defined for surfaces measured either by lateral scanning instruments or optical profilometers. Parts related to areal filters are:

ISO 16610-60: Linear areal filter: Basic concepts (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-61: Linear areal filter: Gaussian filters (published in 2015)
ISO 16610-62: Linear areal filter: Spline filters
ISO 16610-68: Linear areal filter: End-effects (planned for the future)
ISO 16610-69: Linear areal filter: Spline wavelets filters
ISO 16610-70: Robust areal filter: Basic concepts
ISO 16610-71: Robust areal filter: Gaussian regression filters (published in 2014)
ISO 16610-80: Morphological areal filter: Basic concepts
ISO 16610-81: Morphological areal filter: Sphere and horizontal planar segment filters
ISO 16610-85: Morphological areal filter: Motifs filters (published in 2013)
ISO 16610-89: Morphological areal filter: Scale space techniques

Guide for the use of filters in surface texture

The following section describes which application is suitable for each filter. References to published papers or books are provided when available. Readers are encouraged to add below proven applications related to surface texture and tribology where a particular filter can be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments or analyses to provide significant results.

Part 21 - Profile Gaussian filter

Microroughness filtering (lambda S)
Separation of roughness and waviness profiles (lambda C)
Band-pass filtering

Part 22 - Profile Spline filter

Part 29 - Profile Spline wavelets filter

Part 31 - Profile Robust Gaussian filter

Part 41 - Profile Morphological filter

Part 45 - Profile Segmentation filter

Part 49 - Profile Scale space technique

Part 61 - Areal Gaussian filter

Microroughness S-Filter
L-Filter for the generation of the roughness S-L surface

Part 62 - Areal Spline filter

Part 71 - Areal Robust regression Gaussian filter

Microroughness S-Filter on stratified and structured surfaces
L-Filter for the generation of the roughness S-L surface on stratified and structured surfaces
F-Filter for the generation of S-F surface
Outlier detection

Part 81 - Areal Morphological filter

F-Filter used to flatten a surface with the upper or lower envelope
Tip deconvolution of AFM instrument

Part 85 - Areal Segmentation filter

Identification of structures (grains, pores, cells, ...)
Automatic leveling of MEMS

Part 89 - Areal Scale space technique

Bibliography

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ISO standards by standard number

List of ISO standards / ISO romanizations / IEC standards

1–9999	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 16 31 -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 128 216 217 226 228 233 259 269 302 306 428 518 519 639 -1 -2 -3 -5 -6 646 690 732 764 843 898 965 1000 1004 1007 1073-1 1413 1538 1745 1989 2014 2015 2022 2047 2108 2145 2146 2240 2281 2709 2711 2788 2852 3029 3103 3166 -1 -2 -3 3297 3307 3602 3864 3901 3977 4031 4157 4217 4909 5218 5428 5775 5776 5800 5964 6166 6344 6346 6385 6425 6429 6438 6523 6709 7001 7002 7098 7185 7200 7498 7736 7810 7811 7812 7813 7816 8000 8178 8217 8571 8583 8601 8632 8652 8691 8807 8820-5 8859 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -8-I -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 8879 9000/9001 9075 9126 9293 9241 9362 9407 9506 9529 9564 9594 9660 9897 9899 9945 9984 9985 9995

10000–19999	10005 10006 10007 10116 10118-3 10160 10161 10165 10179 10206 10218 10303 -11 -21 -22 -28 -238 10383 10487 10585 10589 10646 10664 10746 10861 10957 10962 10967 11073 11170 11179 11404 11544 11783 11784 11785 11801 11898 11940 (-2) 11941 11941 (TR) 11992 12006 12182 12207 12234-2 13211 -1 -2 13216 13250 13399 13406-2 13450 13485 13490 13567 13568 13584 13616 14000 14031 14224 14289 14396 14443 14496 -2 -3 -6 -10 -11 -12 -14 -17 -20 14644 14649 14651 14698 14750 14764 14882 14971 15022 15189 15288 15291 15292 15398 15408 15444 -3 15445 15438 15504 15511 15686 15693 15706 -2 15707 15897 15919 15924 15926 15926 WIP 15930 16023 16262 16612-2 16750 16949 (TS) 17024 17025 17203 17369 17442 17799 18000 18004 18014 18245 18629 18916 19005 19011 19092 (-1 -2) 19114 19115 19125 19136 19439 19500 19501 19502 19503 19505 19506 19507 19508 19509 19510 19600:2014 19752 19757 19770 19775-1 19794-5 19831

20000+	20000 20022 20121 21000 21047 21500 21827:2002 22000 23270 23271 23360 24517 24613 24617 24707 25178 25964 26000 26300 26324 27000 series 27000 27001:2005 27001:2013 27002 27006 27729 28000 29110 29148 29199-2 29500 30170 31000 32000 38500 40500 42010 80000 -1 -2 -3

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