Jin Mao Tower

Jin Mao Tower
金茂大厦

The Jin Mao Tower in August 2005, with SWFC under construction
General information
Status Complete
Type Skyscraper
(incl. office, hotel, tourism, & retail)
Architectural style Neo-Futurism
Location 88 Century Avenue, Pudong District, Shanghai 200121, China
Coordinates Coordinates: 31°14′14″N 121°30′05″E / 31.23722°N 121.50139°E / 31.23722; 121.50139
Construction started 1994
Completed 1999
Cost US$530 million (1999)
Height
Architectural 420.5 meters (1,380 ft)[1]
Tip 420.5 meters (1,380 ft)
Top floor 348.4 meters (1,143 ft)[1]
Observatory 340.1 meters (1,116 ft)[1]
Technical details
Floor count

88
(+4 spire floors)
(+3 basement floors)[1]

(Total: 95 floors)
Floor area 289,500 m2 (3,116,000 sq ft)[1]
Lifts/elevators 61[1]
Design and construction
Architect Adrian Smith at SOM
Structural engineer SOM[1]
References
[1][2]

The Jin Mao Tower (simplified Chinese: 金茂大厦; traditional Chinese: 金茂大廈; pinyin: Jīnmào Dàshà; Shanghainese: Jinmoh Dusa; literally: "The Golden Prosperity Building"), also known as the Jinmao Building or Jinmao Tower, is an 88-story (93 if counting the floors in the spire) landmark skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai, China. It is 420.5 metres (1,380 feet) tall and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It contains a shopping mall, offices and the Grand Hyatt Shanghai hotel, which at the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center and the Shanghai Tower it is part of the Lujiazui skyline seen from the Bund. It used to be the tallest building in China but its height was surpassed on September 14, 2007, by the Shanghai World Financial Center which is located close by.[3] The Shanghai Tower, a 121-story building located next to these two buildings, surpassed the height of both these buildings in 2015.[4]

Structure

Looking up at the Jin Mao Tower.

The building is located on a 24,000 m2 (260,000 sq ft) plot of land near the Lujiazui metro station and was built at an estimated cost of US$530 million.

It was designed by the Chicago firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). Its postmodern form, whose complexity rises as it ascends, draws on traditional Chinese architecture such as the tiered pagoda, gently stepping back to create a rhythmic pattern as it rises. Like the Petronas Towers in Malaysia, the building's proportions revolve around the number 8, associated with prosperity in Chinese culture. The 88 floors (92 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 16 segments, each of which is 1/8 shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shaped concrete shear wall core surrounded by 8 exterior composite supercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns. Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect the columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support.

The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5 m (274 ft) deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time of construction, these were the longest steel piles ever used for a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4 m-thick concrete raft 19.6 m (64 ft) underground. The basement's surrounding slurry wall is 1 m thick, 36 m high and 568 m long. It is composed of 20,500 m3 (720,000 cu ft) of reinforced concrete.

The building employs an advanced structural engineering system of wind and earthquake engineering which fortify it against typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75 cm or 30 in) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale. The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes. The swimming pool on the 57th floor is also said to act as a passive damper. The exterior curtain wall is made of glass, stainless steel, aluminum, and granite and is criss-crossed by complex latticework cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes.

The Jin Mao Tower's retail area in the lower floors.

Operations

Official dedication was August 28, 1998, a date also chosen with the number 8 in mind. The building was fully operational in 1999. The Jin Mao Tower is owned by the China Jin Mao Group Co. Ltd (formerly China Shanghai Foreign Trade Centre Co. Ltd). It reportedly has a daily maintenance cost of 1 million RMB (US$121,000).[5]

The four mechanical stories forming the spire of the building are brightly illuminated at night.

The building has 3 main entrances to the lobby: two for the office portion and one for the hotel. The basement has express elevators to the observation deck and a parking area for 600 vehicles and 7,500 bicycles. In total, 61 Mitsubishi elevators and 19 escalators carry visitors throughout the building. Levels 51, 52, and 89–93 are mechanical floors, accessible only by service elevators.

Occupants

The 3-level basement has a food court, while the first two floors include the Hyatt's conference and banquet facilities. The first six floors include a shopping mall, restaurants, and nightclubs, include Pu-J's.

The lower 50 floors (in the first 4 segments of the tower) are made up of 123,000 m2 (1,320,000 sq ft) of offices, divided into 5 elevator zones (3-6, 7-17, 18-29, 30-40, and 41-50). Office spaces are open-plan (column-free), with a floor-to-floor gross height of 4.0 m (13.1 ft) and net height of 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in).

Grand Hyatt Shanghai

Main article: Grand Hyatt Shanghai

The building's anchor tenant is the five-star 555-room Grand Hyatt Shanghai hotel which occupies floors 53 to 87. It is one of the highest hotels in the world, second in Shanghai only to its sister property, the Shanghai Park Hyatt, occupying the 79th to 93rd floors of the immediately adjacent Shanghai World Financial Center. These have since been surpassed by The Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong, which occupies floors 102 to 118 of the International Commerce Centre. However, the tallest building to be used exclusively as a hotel is the JW Marriott Marquis Dubai.[6] Additionally, the world's longest laundry chute runs down the full length of the tower to the basement, incorporating buffers to slow the laundry during its descent.

The hotel's atrium, viewed from the Skywalk on the 88th floor.

The Hyatt's famous barrel-vaulted atrium starts at the 56th floor and extends upwards to the 87th. Lined with 28 annular corridors and staircases arrayed in a spiral, it is 27 m (89 ft) in diameter with a clear height of approximately 115 m (377 ft).[7] It is one of the tallest atria in the world, the tallest being the Burj Al Arab's.

The hotel floors also feature:

A view from the Jin Mao Tower's Skywalk, showing the Oriental Pearl Tower in Lujiazui and, across the Huangpu River, Shanghai's Bund, Nanjing Road, and the Garden Bridge across Suzhou Creek.

Skywalk

The Skywalk, a 1,520 m2 (16,400 sq ft) indoor observation deck with a capacity of 1,000+ people, occupies the 88th floor of the building. In addition to the panoramic views of Shanghai, it offers a topside view of the hotel atrium below. It also includes a small post office. Access is through two express elevators from the basement that travel at 9.1 m/s and take 45 seconds to reach the top. As of 2009, admission to the 88th floor costs 88 RMB for adults and 45 RMB for children.

The SWFC and Jin Mao Tower, displaying the latter's latticework cladding of aluminum alloy pipes.

Events

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Jin Mao Building - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
  2. ↑ "Jin Mao Tower". SkyscraperPage.
  3. ↑ CNN News. "Shanghai's bristling skyline gets giant new landmark".
  4. ↑ "The tallest building in China". uk.businessinsider.com. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
  5. ↑ Shanghai Star
  6. ↑ Excluding the taller Ryugyong Hotel which was never actually in use.
  7. ↑ A commonly quoted atrium height of 152 m is owed to a mistaken assumption of 38 floors of 4 m each rather than the actual 32 floor of around 3.5 m each. (The last few are a little taller.)
  8. ↑ "'Spiderman' seeks vengeance for China climb" at Independent Online. 2 Mar 2001.
  9. ↑ "Prison for Scaling China's Tallest Skyscraper" 1 Aug 2007.
  10. ↑ CRI Online
  11. ↑ Blog of Death
  12. ↑ Oiaga, Marius (February 6, 2007). "The Largest Windows Vista Advertisement". Softpedia. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  13. ↑ Climbing News, Independent Online
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ "Spiderman Climbs Jin Mao Tower" in Yahoo News. 4 Jun 2007. Hosted at the China Economic Review & Archive.com.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jin Mao Tower.
Records
Preceded by
King Tower		 Tallest Building in Shanghai
1998 – 2007 		Succeeded by
Shanghai World Financial Center
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/1/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.