List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.[2] Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]
As of 2014, there have been 23 laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis. Washington University considers laureates who attended the university as undergraduate students, graduate students or were members of the faculty as affiliated laureates.[6] Arthur Compton, the chancellor of the university from 1945 to 1953, was the first laureate affiliated with the university, winning the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927.[7] Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Washington University laureates; Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[8] Carl Ferdinand Cori and wife Gerty Cori won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[9] Arthur Kornberg and Severo Ochoa won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,[10] and Daniel Nathans and George Davis Snell won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[11] Seventeen Washington University laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, more than any other category.[6] With the exception of Daniel Nathans, who received his M.D. from Washington University and William E. Moerner who received his undergraduate degrees from the university, all Washington University laureates have been members of the university faculty.
Laureates
Year | Image | Laureate | Relation | Category | Rationale |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1927 | Compton, ArthurArthur Compton | Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1920–1923 and 1945–1962, Chancellor, 1945–1953 | Physics | "for his discovery of the effect named after him"[7] | |
1943 | Doisy, Edward AdelbertEdward Adelbert Doisy | Faculty of Medicine, 1919–1923 | Physiology or Medicine | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"[12] | |
1944 | Erlanger, JosephJoseph Erlanger | Chairman, Department of Physiology, 1910–1946 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[8] | |
1944 | Gasser, Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer Gasser | Faculty of Medicine, 1916–1931 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[8] | |
1947 | Cori, Carl FerdinandCarl Ferdinand Cori | Faculty of Medicine, 1931–1984 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[9] | |
1947 | Cori, GertyGerty Cori | Faculty of Medicine, 1931–1957 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[9] | |
1959 | Kornberg, ArthurArthur Kornberg | Chairman, Department of Microbiology, 1952–1959 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[10] | |
1959 | Ochoa, SeveroSevero Ochoa | Faculty of Medicine, 1940–1942 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[10] | |
1969 | Hershey, AlfredAlfred Hershey | Faculty of Medicine, 1934–1950 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"[13] | |
1970 | Leloir, Luis FedericoLuis Federico Leloir | Faculty of Medicine, 1944 | Chemistry | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"[14] | |
1971 | Sutherland Jr., Earl WilburEarl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. | M.D., 1942, Resident in Internal Medicine, 1943–1945, Faculty of Medicine, 1945–1953 | Physiology or Medicine | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"[15] | |
1974 | de Duve, ChristianChristian de Duve | Faculty of Medicine, 1946–1947 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"[16] | |
1978 | Nathans, DanielDaniel Nathans | M.D., 1954 | Physiology or Medicine | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[17] | |
1978 | Smith, Hamilton O.Hamilton O. Smith | Washington University Medical Service, 1956–1957 | Physiology or Medicine | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[17] | |
1980 | Berg, PaulPaul Berg | Faculty of Medicine, 1954–1959 | Chemistry | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[18] | |
1980 | Snell, George DavisGeorge Davis Snell | Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1933–1934 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"[11] | |
1986 | Cohen, StanleyStanley Cohen | Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1953–1959 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[19] | |
1986 | Levi-Montalcini, RitaRita Levi-Montalcini | Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1948– | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[19] | |
1992 | Krebs, Edwin G.Edwin G. Krebs | M.D., 1943, Resident in Internal Medicine, Research Fellow in Biological Chemistry, 1945–1948 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[20] | |
1993 | North, DouglassDouglass North | Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 1983– | Economics | "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change."[21] | |
1998 | Furchgott, Robert F.Robert F. Furchgott | Faculty of Medicine, 1949–1956 | Physiology or Medicine | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[22] | |
2004 | Ciechanover, AaronAaron Ciechanover | Visiting Professor of Pediatrics, 1987– | Chemistry | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[23] | |
2014 | Moerner, William E.William E. Moerner | B.S., B.S., A.B., 1975 | Chemistry | "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"[24] |
References
- General
- "WU Libraries: Washington University's Nobel Prize Winners". Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- Specific
- ↑ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- 1 2 "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize Awarders". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize Amounts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- 1 2 "WU Libraries: Washington University's Nobel Prize Winners". Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- 1 2 "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- 1 2 3 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- 1 2 3 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- 1 2 3 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- 1 2 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- 1 2 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- 1 2 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-24.
External links
- Official website of Washington University in St. Louis
- Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Official website of the Nobel Foundation