Long Point Light

This article is about a lighthouse on Cape Cod. For the lighthouse in Canada, see Long Point Lighthouse.
Long Point Light

Long Point Light in 2010
Location Long Point, Provincetown, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°1′59.23″N 70°10′7.15″W / 42.0331194°N 70.1686528°W / 42.0331194; -70.1686528Coordinates: 42°1′59.23″N 70°10′7.15″W / 42.0331194°N 70.1686528°W / 42.0331194; -70.1686528
Year first constructed 1827
Year first lit 1875 (re-built light)
Automated 1952
Foundation Natural, emplaced
Construction Brick
Tower shape Square tower
Markings / pattern White with black lantern
Height 38 feet (12 m)
Focal height 35.5 feet (10.8 m) above mean sea level
Original lens Oil Lamp (1826);
Sixth-order fresnel (1856);
Fifth-order fresnel (1875)
Current lens Solar-powered 300 mm lantern (1982)
Range 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi)
Characteristic Oc G 4s (Green, occulting every 4 seconds)
Fog signal HORN: one 2-sec blast every 15 secs
Prior (1875): 1,200 lb (540 kg) fog bell
Admiralty number J0382
ARLHS number USA-450
USCG number

1-13275[1]

Long Point Light Station

1909 postcard Long Point Light
Built 1875 (re-built light & keeper's house)
Architect Unknown
MPS Lighthouses of Massachusetts TR
NRHP Reference # 87002039[2]
Added to NRHP September 28, 1987

Long Point Light Station is an historic lighthouse at the northeast tip of Long Point in Provincetown, Massachusetts. As a navigational aid, it marks the southwest edge of the entrance to Provincetown Harbor. The United States Coast Guard Light List describes it simply as a "white square tower".[1] The light it casts is green, occulting every 4 seconds, and, at a focal height of 35.5 feet (10.8 m) above mean sea level, has a visible range of 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi). When the weather affords low-visibility, one can hear the station's fog horn – sounding a single blast for two seconds, and repeating every 15 seconds – as it seems to call out for (and answer calls from) its nearly-identical closest neighbor, the Wood End Light.

History

By an act of Congress on May 18, 1826, the United States Government earmarked $2,500 to acquire 4 acres (0.016 km2) at the extreme tip of Long Point, and to establish a lighthouse to guide mariners into the busy fishing port of Provincetown Harbor.[3] In comparing the relative share of the gross domestic product (GDP), or "nominal GDP",[4] that's the equivalent of today's Congress allocating $48 million in 2013 dollars.[5]

The original "Cape Cod style" light and keeper's house, c. 1830

Completed in 1827, the original Long Point Light was not a tower structure, but rather consisted of an octagonal lantern centered on the peak of the roof of the wooden keeper's house. Access to the lantern was by a spiral stair from the top floor of the house. That architectural style, common to several of Cape Cod's early 19th century lighthouses, came to be known as the "Cape Cod style" – today, however, "classic" examples of that style can only be found along the Pacific Coast.[6]

The lantern was lit by a sixth-order Fresnel lens in 1856. By 1873, a lighthouse inspector's report noted substantial erosion, exposed wooden pilings, and poor overall condition of the light station, expressing concern that a strong storm could carry it away. Shortly thereafter, the Lighthouse Board decided to replace the entire structure. The present-day 38-foot (12 m) tall, square brick lighthouse and a one-and-one-half-story keeper's dwelling to its south were completed in 1875. The lighthouse included a larger, fifth-order Fresnel lens, and a 1,200-pound (540 kg) fog bell was installed to the north of the tower. In 1904, the station received an oil house for properly storing flammable materials used for illumination.[7] In 1927, the intensity of the light was reduced to 29,000 candlepower.[8]

Long Point Light underwent automation in 1952, and a modern optic replaced the Fresnel lens. In 1982, Long Point Light became the second lighthouse in Massachusetts to be equipped with solar panels to power the light and fog signal equipment. The abandoned keeper's dwelling and fog signal building were demolished around the same time.[7]

The Long Point Light Station was added to the National Historic Register in 1987. The light and its 1904 oil house are the only structures left on Long Point, which is now part of the Cape Cod National Seashore.

The village of Long Point

Main article: Long Point (Cape Cod)

From its inception in 1827 until the late 1850s, the lighthouse shared the peninsula with a thriving village of Long Point. By 1830, the lighthouse became the site of Long Point's first school, starting with only three children.[9] The village grew to include the homes of 38 fishing families, a schoolhouse with up to 60 children, a post office, bakery, boat landings, breakwaters, and several saltworks which utilized windmills to pump seawater.[10]

For various reasons, the settlement was ultimately disbanded. Most of the families took their houses with them when they left — the houses were placed on rafts and floated across the harbor to Provincetown's West End. Several of those historic "floater" homes are still standing, and can be identified by looking for the distinctive blue and white plaques.[10]

View from the East (2009). The mound is what remains of the Long Point Battery.

The Long Point Battery

Main article: Long Point (Cape Cod)

Around the middle of the American Civil War, in 1863, the Union Army constructed fortifications called the Long Point Battery. It consisted of two earthwork artillery batteries, with a total of nine 32-pound (15 kg) guns between them, plus a barracks to house a company of 98 soldiers, an officer's quarters, and stables.[11]

The base was operational until 1872, but never saw any combat action[11] – as a result, local residents took to calling the batteries "Fort Useless" and "Fort Ridiculous".[3][12]

Present Day

Currently the U.S. Coast Guard owns and controls Provincetown's three lighthouses (Long Point Light, Wood End Light, and Race Point Light). It is leased to[13] and maintained by the Cape Cod Chapter of the American Lighthouse Foundation. The grounds are open to the public, and the lighthouse tower is closed.

In December 2009, preservationists proposed to rebuild the keeper's house as a bed and breakfast similar to the operation at Race Point. The Coast Guard's lease is due to expire in 2015, and local officials speculate that the property could be turned over to the National Park Service, which maintains and operates the National Seashore.[14]

References

  1. 1 2 Light List, Volume I, Atlantic Coast, St. Croix River, Maine to Shrewsbury River, New Jersey (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2012. p. 114.
  2. ↑ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  3. 1 2 "Historical Timeline of Provincetown, Massachusetts" (PDF). Town of Provincetown. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  4. ↑ Williamson, Samuel H. "Nominal GDP". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 8 November 2014. Nominal GDP: GDP expressed in current market prices, which is GDP not corrected for inflation. This may also be called 'money GDP', 'current-price GDP' or 'GDP at current prices'. Nominal GDP over time incorporates both real-output change and price change (inflation).
  5. ↑ Williamson, Samuel H. (April 2014). "Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  6. ↑ "Long Point, MA". LighthouseFriends.com. Retrieved 15 February 2014. As there were similar lighthouses of this style built on the cape during the early 19th century, they came to be known as the 'Cape Cod style.' Unfortunately, no lighthouse of this design remains on the cape today.
  7. 1 2 "Long Point Light". Maritime History of Massachusetts, a National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary. National Park Service. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  8. ↑ "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Massachusetts". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office.
  9. ↑ Jennings, Herman A. (1890). Provincetown or Odds and Ends From the Tip End. Peaked Hill Press. p. 78.
  10. 1 2 Gehrman, Elizabeth (5 August 2007). "Solitude, sunscreen, and a long stretch of sand (almost) all to yourself". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  11. 1 2 "Conclusions and Recommendations for the former Long Point Battery, Provincetown, MA; Project Number D01MA054901" (PDF). Defense Environmental Restoration Program for Formerly Used Defense Sites Ordnance and Explosive Waste. US Army Corps of Engineers. January 1997. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  12. ↑ Cunningham, Michael (2002). Land's end: a walk through Provincetown (1st ed.). New York: Crown journeys. p. 37. ISBN 9780609609071. Retrieved 15 May 2012. ... as volunteers stood guard day after day and night after night over an uncontested stretch of salt water, the fortresses came to be known as Fort Useless and Fort Ridiculous.
  13. ↑ "Inventory of Historic Lighthouses-- Massachusetts-- Long Point Light". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  14. ↑ Sowers, Pru (28 December 2009). "Provincetown lighthouse restoration project moves ahead". The Provincetown Banner. Retrieved 12 February 2012.

Attribution  This article incorporates public domain material from the National Park Service document "Maritime History of Massachusetts, a National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary -- Long Point Light" (retrieved on 2012-03-03).

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