Timeline of Santiago, Cape Verde

The following is a timeline of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.

Prehistoric era

• Around 30 to 25 million years ago - The southern seamount was formed
• Around 25 to 20 million years ago - The northern seamount was formed
• Around 7 to 5 million years ago - The island with its crater now known as Pico da Antónia was formed, its length was about 15 km
• Around 5. 5 to 4. 5 million years ago - during the early Pliocene and the Zanclean periods - the Flamengos rock formation formed^[1]
• About 5 to 4 million years ago - another island with its crater at present day Serra da Malagueta was formed its length was about 10 km
• Around 3.3 to 2.3 million years ago - during the Piacenzian and the Gelasian periods., the Pico da Antónia and its rock formation formed^[1]
• About 3 to 2 million years ago, the two islands merged into a larger island
• Around 73,000 years ago - The eastern portion of the island of Fogo—a volume of approximately 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of rock—collapsed into the ocean generating a 170-metre (560 ft) high megatsunami. The surge inundated the western part of Santiago, running up to heights of 270 metres (890 ft) and carrying large boulders onto a plateau at an elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).^[2][3]
• Around 3,000 to 1,000 BC - Ilhéu de Santa Maria separated from the island of Santiago, it used to be a hill and was a surrounded by a southeastern and a southern hill that had now disappeared

Colonial era

Drake at Santiago, Cape Verde, 1589 hand-colored engraving, by Baptista Boazio, 1589

Santiago Island, a 1647 painting by Caspar Schmalkalden

• 1460 - The island was discovered by António da Noli
• 1462 - The city of Cidade Velha was founded and the colony of Portuguese Cape Verde was established
• 1513 to 1515 - Slavery expanded the commerce of the island
• 1520 - Island and Cape Verde's first pillory constructed
• 1533
• Ribeira Grande elevated to a city
  • The Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde created by the Bull "Pro excellenti praeeminentia" of Pope Clement VII.
• 1541 - The island was raided by Barbary pirates
• 1555 - Sé Cathedral in Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) built
• 1556 - A cathedral constructed by bishop Francisco da Cruz
• 1578 - The first English corsairs and pirates attacked Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha)
• 1584 - Philippine Dynasty in power
• 1585
  • Capture of Santiago (1585), Cidade Velha damaged during raid by English corsair Sir Francis Drake, São Domingos was also looted^[4][5] and on November 28 Porto Praya (now Praia) razed, only the town hospital was spared, the fleet left after November, this was part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585)
  • November 17 - Plans for Fort Real de São Filipe started
• 1589 - Engraving about the raid on Ribeira Grande (common name was Cape Verde City or Cidade de Cabo Verde, now Cidade Velha) finished by Giovanni Battista Boazio, the first engraving and its hand colored made about Cape Verde or any of its island
• 1593 - Forte Real de São Filipe was built, the first fort in Cape Verde
• 1615 - Praia de Santa Maria appeared on the previous settlement on the plateau
• 1650 - Philippine Dynasty ends
• 1655 - The plan of the City of Cape Verde (now Cidade Velha) was written, it formed a part of the Atlas by Leonardo de Ferrari.
• 1693 - Sé Catherdal in Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) completed, it would be destroyed in 1712 as part of the Cassard expedition
• 1712
  • Cidade Velha along with its fort were destroyed by French corsairs commanded by Jacques Cassard in the Cassard expedition
  • Because of the raid, Ribeira Grande no longer served as island capital, the name became Cidade Velha
• 1770 - Island capital officially transferred from Ribeira Grande to Praia (then Porto Praya)
  

  Santiago Island in 1772
  

  A depiction of Praia during the Battle of Porto Praya
  

  Porto Praya (now Praia) in 1806
• 1781 - April 16: - Though Portugal was neutral throughout the conflict (Anglo-French War, American Revolutionary War), the Battle of Porto Praya took place off modern day Praia and the island between Great Britain and France
• Around 1794 - Cotton first produced in the island of Santiago and Cape Verde, created by the colonial governor José da Silva Maldonado de Eça^[6]
• 1817 - Cape Verde's first primary school opened
• 1822
  • A riot broke out in Praia instigated by Manuel António Martins which overthrew António Pusich and put João da Mata Chapuzet as colonial governor^[7]
  • May 8: João da Mata Chapuzet was governor of Cape Verde up to around September 1826. He was engineer and military architect and underwent large modernization of the city of Praia, capital of the archipelago, one of the buildings he designed was Quartel Jaime Mota.^[8]
• 1826 - Quartel Jaime Mota barracks built
• 1830 - Population: around 24,000
• 1831 - The first famine struck the island
• 1832 - Scientist Charles Darwin along with the Beagle's visit to the island of Santiago and its then colonial capital Praia (then as Porto Praya),^[9] he also visited Ilhéu de Santa Maria^[10]
• 1833 - The first famine ended
• 1834 - February 14: Portuguese colonial governor Manuel António Martins decided to transfer the colonial seat from Praia to Picos, this had never happened^[11]
• 1835 - The Fonteana Rebellion took place in Fonteana near Assomada
• 1849 - January: Sloop USS Yorktown along with William Harwar Parker visited Porto Praya (now Praia), several officers rotated off the ship and Parker became Acting Master, one of the first American ships and one of the first American sloop to visit Porto Praya and Santiago Island.
• 1850 - June: USS Yorktown returned to Porto Praya (now Praia), the ship later left for Funchal and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and returned to Cape Verde, originally intended to visit Santiago, it visited Mayo (now Maio) Island on September and struck a reef on September 6, the first American ship sunk in the waters of Cape Verde.
• 1855 - Much of the island suffered another famine, the governor temporarily moved the residence from Praia (then Porto Praya) to Picos, Praia remained colonial capital^[12]
• 1861 - Liceu Nacional first opened, it was first built in 1860 under the colonial governor Januário Correia de Almeida.^[13]
• 1865 - The first branch of the Portuguese bank for the colonies, the Banco Nacional Ultramarina was opened, it would be replaced with the Bank of Cape Verde in 1975 after it became an independent nation
• 1881 - Farol de D. Maria Pia (commonly today as Farol de Pta. Temerosa) near Praia built
  

  1884 Map of Porto Praya (now Praia) featuring Ilhéu de Santa Maria, written as Quail Island and written with its geographic location on top right below the map title
• 1889 - Farol da Ponta Preta northwest of Tarrafal built
• 1890 - Population: 63,795
• 1896 - A form of Cape Verdean music called tabanka became banned in Praia by the colonial governor Serpa Pinto along with funaná and batuque
• 1902 - Present church of Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace, Praia or Praia Cathedral completed
• 1910 - The Ribeirão Manuel Rebellion took place west of Assomada
• 1917 - Municipality of Tarrafal created out of the Municipality of Santa Catarina
• 1920 - Population: around 60,000
• 1926 - the Monument to Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque was erected in the area of the city square in Praia after the colonial governor Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque who ruled from 1869 to 1876
• 1927 - Electricity introduced to the city of Praia, the first Cape Verdean city or region
• 1929 - December 2: Sporting Clube da Praia footbal (soccer) club founded, the first established on the island
• 1930
  • Population: 63,154
  • October 15: Clube Desportivo Travadores founded
• 1931
  • Assomada's city market founded
  • May 1: Vitória Futebol Clube founded
    

    Praia and the locality of Gamboa or Cha das Aldeias in 1936
• 1939 - July 5: Boavista Futebol Clube founded
• 1940s - As the Catholic Church started to reform, in the mountainous parts of the interior, some people became isolated from society and the Rabelados community formed
• 1940 - Population: 77,192^[14]
• 1944, March - Cape Verdean review Certeza started publishing in Praia,^[15] a milestone in Cape Verdean literature, it was later banned by the censors a year later,^[16] three editions were published,^[17]
• 1946 - A petition took place in Assomada and the surrounding area
• 1947 - Famine struck the island which made people to move to São Tomé and Príncipe, Dakar and some European countries
• 1948 - May 5: Os Garridos football (soccer) club established
• 1950 - Population: 58,893^[14]
• 1953 - Both the Cape Verdean Colonial Championships and the Santiago Championships started its first edition
• 1955 - Our Lady of Fatima Church (Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátim) in Milho Branco near São Domingos constructed by P. Figueira Pinto
• 1960 - Population: 88,587^[14]
• 1961 - Praia Airport first opened, after independence, the nation's third airport or aerodrome opened, it would operate for 44 years before a new airport opened in the northeast
• 1962
  • The first attacks ordered by the guerrillas of the PAIGC, this started the struggle against the oppression of Portugal, months later the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence broke out in Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau), due to logistical reasons, Cape Verde didn't take part
  • August: Demonstrations over the elevation of the Minister of Overseas
  • December 15: Académica da Praia founded
• 1966 - São Lourenço FC football (soccer) club established
• 1970
  • Population: 128,782^[14]
  • Spring: Student rebellion took place in Assomada
• 1971 - Municipality of Santa Cruz established
• 1972 - July 1: Celtic Futebol Clube founded
• 1974:
  • April: the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, the Estado Novo regime collapsed, Cape Verde became an autonomous province
  • Mid-year: the final Cape Verdean colonial or provincial championships took placeé

After independence in 1975-1999

• 1975
  • July 5: Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal and became and independent nation, Praia became the national capital
  • The ban on music genres including tabanka, funaná and batuque were lifted in Praia
  • AD Bairro, also known as ADESBA, a football (soccer) club founded^[18]
• 1976
  • Approximate population: around 60,000 to 70,000
  • the first Cape Verdean football Championships took place
• 1979 - Desportivo da Praia football (soccer) club established
• 1980 - Population: 145,947^[14]
• 1982: April 17 - Central Elétrica da Praia (CEP - Praia Central Electricity) became a part of Electra electricity company
• 1984 - Tchadense football (soccer) club founded
• 1985 - December 7: SC Beira-Mar do Tarrafal founded
• 1986 - Jardim Botânico Nacional Grandvaux Barbosa, Cape Verde's only botanical garden created
• 1988
  • São Domingos municipality established, carved out of the northern part of the municipality of Praia
  • December 31: The National Historic Archives of Cape Verde (now known as the Cape Verdean National Archives) first opened
• 1990
  • Population: 189,478^[14]
  • September 16: Desportivo de Assomada founded
• 1991 - São Miguel municipality established carved out of the southeastern part of the municipality of Tarrafal
• 1992
  • Festival de Gamboa held its first edition at Praia da Gamboa, south of the city center
  • ISE (Instituto Superior de Educação) established
  • Estrela dos Amadores football (soccer) club established
• 1994 - September 24: Varandinha of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established
• 1995 - July 31: Barcelona or Amabos Barcelona of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established

Praia in 1996

• 1997 - October 5: Museu Etnográfico (Ethnographic Museum) first opened
• 1998
  • Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Vede or the Cape Verdean Stock Exchange founded under a governmental decision
  • September 28: a TACV de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (registered D4-CAX) crash-landed at Francisco Mendes Airport (serving Praia at that time) during a landing attempt in stormy weather^[19]
• 1999 - National Library of Cape Verde first opened

21st century

• 2000 - Population: 229,900^[20]

Aerial view of Praia taken from a plane in 2001

Satellite view of Santiago except for the northern part in August 2002

• 2001
  • Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde established
  • Grémio Desportivo Nhagar football (soccer) club established
• 2003
  • Monte Graciosa became a protected area
  • Scorpion Vermelho football (soccer) club established
  • February 24: Serra da Malagueta Natural Park established, the first national park created on the island
  • August: Santiago Island League split in two, the North and the South Zones.
• 2005
  • Two new municipalities created including Ribeira Grande de Santiago and São Salvador do Mundo were created
  • Praia's airport became the second airport to serve international or out of country flights, until that time, Sal was the only international airport in Cape Verde.
  • December: Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde (the Cape Verdean Stock Exchange) started operations, since 2013, its building is south of Estàdio da Várzea sports complex.
• 2006
  • Estádio da Várzea finished, refurbished and completed
  • University of Cape Verde established
  • The island dam named Poilão west of Pedra Badejo completed, the first dam or reservoir in Cape Verde
• 2007 - February 7: Cape Verdean Prime Minister visited the Rabelados community in Espinho Branco and some other settlements7^[21]

Estádio da Várzea after renovations in 2007

• 2008 - Construction of the House of Marine and Sea Turtles began in Praia Baixo in São Domingos for the protection of sea turtles on the island, it was funded by the University of Algarve, Lisbon Oceanographic Institute and the local office of Lagoa near Faro, Portugal, it was completed in the following year.^[22]
• 2009
  • June 10: Cidade Velha including its fortress became a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • June 27: Cidade Velha also became the Seven Wonders of the Portuguese-built Landmark in the World.
  • University of Santiago opened in Assomada, it would become Cape Verde's second and recent university
• 2010 - Population: 272,312^[20]
• Around 2010 or 2011 - Salineiro and Saquinho Dams started construction
• Around 2011 - the Praia Perimeter Road opened
• 2012 - Complexo Desportivo Adega completed^[23] It is 100 meters long and 64 meters wide.
• 2013 - Three reservoirs were completed in the island:
  • June 30: Barragem de Salineiro (Salineiro Dam) opened, it location is 2 km north of Cidade Velha.^[24]
  • July 19: Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Dam) opened, its location is in Faveta, located approximately northeast to Picos^[25]
  • October 30: Barragem de Saquinho (Saquinho Dam) opened, it is located northwest of Assomada^[26]
• 2015
  • On Ilhéu de Santa Maria off the shores of Praia, Cape Verdean government and Legend Development Company made a legal contract and proposes to construct hotel resort and casino, its cost is around 30 billion Cape Verdean escudos (250 million euros).^[27] The Government conceded the islet probably for 75 years.
  • August and September: Hurricane Fred struck the island, its rains filled Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Reservoir) to maximum capacity and prompted residents from adjacent areas to evacuate.^[28]
• 2016 - Quercus, a Portuguese NGO opened its Cape Verdean branch in Praia

See also

• History of Santiago, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Boa Vista, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Brava, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Fogo, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Maio, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Sal, Cape Verde
• Timeline of Santo Antão, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Nicolau, Cape Verde
• Timeline of São Vicente, Cape Verde

References

1. Holm, P. M. (2008). An 40Ar-39Ar study of the Cape Verde hot spot: temporal evolution in a semistationary plate environment. 113. J. Geophys. Res. p. B08201.
2. Brown, Emma (2 October 2015). "Island Boulders Reveal Ancient Megatsunami". Nature. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
3. Ramalho, Ricardo S.; Winckler, Gisela; Madeira, José; Helffrich, George R.; Hipólito, Ana; Quartau, Rui; Adena, Katherine; Schaefer, Joerg M. (2 October 2015), "Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence", Science Advances, vol. 1 no. 9
4. Keeler, Mary Frear (1999). Sir Francis Drake's West Indian Voyage, 1585-86 (Second Series). Hakluyt Society. ISBN 978-0904180015.
5. Sudgen, John (2004). Sir Francis Drake. Penguin Books. pp. 185–86. ISBN 978-1844137626.
6. Great Portuguese and Brazilian Encyclopedia, Enciclopédia Publishers, vol. IX, p. 384
7. Brooks, George E. Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: symbiosis of slave and legitimate trades. pp. 99–120. ISBN 9781452088709. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
8. "Como estragar uma bela Praça". A Semana (in Portuguese). 30 April 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
9. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world - Chapter 1 at Wikisource, top part
10. "Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle" (PDF). 1844.
11. "Discurso PM, Dr. José Maria Pereira Neves, na Cerimónia de Inauguração da Universidade de Santiago (Opening Ceremony of the University of Santiago), Assomada, February 16, 2009
12. Michel Cahen (dir.), "Vilas" et "cidades"  : bourgs et villes en Afrique lusophone (preface by Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch), L'Harmattan, Paris, 1989, p. 30 ISBN 2-7384-0431-6
13. "Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil", Direcção de Afonso Eduardo Martins Zúquete, Editorial Enciclopédia, 2.ª Edição, Lisboa, 1989, Volume Terceiro, p. 320
14. Source: Statoids
15. "Numbered version of the first edition of Certeza" (in Portuguese). Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde.
16. Eugene Tavares Littératures lusophones des archipels atlantiques : Açores, Madère, Cap-Vert, São Tomé e Príncipe, (Lusophony Literature in the Atlantic Archipelagoes: Azores, Madeira, Cape Vede and São Tomé and Príncipe, L'Harmattan, 2009, p. 217 ISBN 9782296075757
17. "Certeza" (in Portuguese) (3rd ed.). Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde.
18. "History of AD Bairro". Club website. 13 January 2014.
19. Harro Ranter. "Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Operator index > Cape Verde > TACV - Cabo Verde Airlines". Retrieved 24 April 2015.
20. Source: Instituto Nacional de Estatísticas.
21. "Prime Minister Visits a Rabelados Community" (in Portuguese). Prime Minister of Cape Verde. February 9, 2007.
22. "Sea Turtles in the Island of Santiago, Cape Verde" (in Portuguese). 10 December 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
23. Inauguração Complexo Desportivo de Achada Grande Trás > C M Praia
24. "Barragem de Salineiro é inaugurada hoje" [Salineiro Dam to Open Today]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 29 June 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
25. "Barragem de Faveta, a menina dos olhos de São Salvador do Mundo" [Barragem de Faveta, a Tiny Dam for All of São Salvador do Mundo]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 20 July 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
26. "JMN inaugura Barragem de Saquinho" [Saquinho Dam Opened by JMN]. A Semana (in Portuguese). 30 October 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
27. "Hotel-Casino no Ilhéu de Santa Maria: Governo concessiona Djeu por 75 anos" [Hotel-Casino in Ilhéu de Santa Maria: Government Concession of the Islet (Djeu) for 75 Years]. Expresso das Ilhas (in Portuguese). 2015.
28. "Chuvas fazem transbordar barragens de Faveta e de Canto de Cagarra". A Semana (in Portuguese). Praia. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.