Wichita Falls, Texas

Wichita Falls
City
Wichita Falls, Texas

The "restored Falls" of the Wichita River in Wichita Falls, Texas, off Interstate 44

Flag
Nickname(s): Falls Town

Location in the state of Texas
Coordinates: 33°53′49″N 98°30′54″W / 33.89694°N 98.51500°W / 33.89694; -98.51500Coordinates: 33°53′49″N 98°30′54″W / 33.89694°N 98.51500°W / 33.89694; -98.51500
Country United States United States
State Texas Texas
County Wichita
Government
 • Type Council-Manager
 • City Council Mayor Glenn Barham
Stephen Santellana
DeAndra Chenault
Brian Hooker
Tim Ingle
Tom Quintero
Michael Smith
 • City Manager Darron Leiker
 • Deputy City Manager Jim Dockery
Area
 • City 70.1 sq mi (183.1 km2)
 • Land 70.66 sq mi (183.0 km2)
 • Water 0.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation 948 ft (289 m)
Population (2010)[1]
 • City 104,553
 • Estimate (2013)[2] 104,898
 • Rank US: 271st
 • Density 1,474.1/sq mi (569.1/km2)
 • Urban 99,437 (US: 301st)
 • Metro 151,201 (US: 268th)
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes 76301-11
Area code(s) 940
FIPS code 48-79000[3]
GNIS feature ID 1376776[4]
Website City of Wichita Falls
Map of Wichita Falls in 1890

Wichita Falls (/ˈwɪtʃᵻtɔː/ WITCH-ə-taw) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States.[5] Wichita Falls is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita Counties. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 104,553, making it the 29th-most populous city in Texas. In addition, Wichita Falls' central business district is five miles (8 km) from Sheppard Air Force Base which is home to the Air Force's largest technical training wing and the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training (ENJJPT) program, the world's only multi-nationally manned and managed flying training program chartered to produce combat pilots for both USAF and NATO.

Of interest is the Newby-McMahon Building (otherwise known as "world's littlest skyscraper"), constructed downtown in 1919 and featured in Robert Ripley's Ripley's Believe It or Not!.

History

Wee-Chi-Tah Sculpture features a Comanche family crossing the Wichita River. The legend of their crossing explains how Wichita received its name, meaning "waist-deep" to describe the river.

The Choctaw Native Americans settled the area in the early 19th century from their native Mississippi area once Americans negotiated to relocate them after the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.[6] American settlers arrived in the 1860s to form cattle ranches. The city was officially titled Wichita Falls on September 27, 1872. On that day, a sale of town lots was held at what is now the corner of Seventh and Ohio Streets – the birthplace of the city.[7] The Fort Worth & Denver City Railway arrived in September 1882, the same year the city became the county seat of Wichita County.[6] The city grew westwards from the original FW&DC train depot which was located at the northwest corner of Seventh Street and the FW&DC.[7] This area is now referred to as the Depot Square Historic District,[8][9] which has been declared a Texas Historic Landmark.[10]

Kemp-Kell Building, circa 1910, now known as the Holt Hotel, was one of the first five-story office buildings in the city.

The early history of Wichita Falls well into the 20th century also rests on the work of two entrepreneurs, Joseph A. Kemp[11] and his brother-in-law, Frank Kell. Kemp and Kell were pioneers in food processing and retailing, flour milling, railroads, cattle, banking, and oil.[12]

A flood in 1886 destroyed the original falls on the Wichita River for which the city was named.[13] After nearly 100 years of visitors wanting to visit the nonexistent falls, the city built an artificial waterfall beside the river in Lucy Park. The recreated falls are 54 ft (16 m) high and recirculate at 3,500 gallons per minute. They are visible to south-bound traffic on Interstate 44.

The city is currently seeking funding to rebuild and restore the downtown area.[6] Downtown Wichita Falls was the city's main shopping area for many years, but lost ground to the creation of new shopping centers throughout the city beginning with Parker Square in 1953 and other similar developments during the 1960s and 1970s, culminating with the opening of Sikes Senter Mall in 1974.

Wichita Falls was once home to offices of several oil companies and related industries, along with oil refineries operated by the Continental Oil Company (now Conoco Phillips) until 1952 and Panhandle Oil Company (later American Petrofina) until 1965. Both firms continued to use a portion of their former refineries as gasoline/oil terminal facilities for many years.

1964 tornado

A devastating tornado hit the north and northwest portions of Wichita Falls along with Sheppard Air Force Base during the afternoon of April 3, 1964, leaving seven dead and more than 100 injured, and causing roughly $15 million in property damage with about 225 homes destroyed and another 250 damaged. It was rated as an F5, the highest rating on the Fujita scale, but it is overshadowed by the 1979 tornado.[14]

1979 tornado

An F4 tornado struck the heavily populated southern sections of Wichita Falls in the late afternoon on Tuesday, April 10, 1979 (known locally as "Terrible Tuesday"). It was part of an outbreak that produced 30 tornados around the region. Despite having nearly an hour's advance warning that severe weather was imminent, 42 people were killed (25 in vehicles) and 1,800 were injured because it arrived just in time for many people to be driving home from work.[15] It left 20,000 people homeless and caused $400 million in damage, a U.S. record not topped by an individual tornado until the F5 Moore-Oklahoma City tornado of May 3, 1999.[16]

Geography and climate

Wichita Falls is about 15 miles (24 km) south of the border with Oklahoma, 115 mi (185 km) northwest of Fort Worth, and 140 mi (230 km) southwest of Oklahoma City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 70.71 square miles (183.1 km2), of which 70.69 square miles (183.1 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km2) (0.03%) is covered by water.[17]

Wichita Falls experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with some of the highest summer daily maximum temperatures in the entire U.S. outside of the Desert Southwest. Temperatures have hit 100 °F (38 °C) as early as March 27 and as late as October 17, but more typically reach that level on 28 days annually, with 102 days of 90 °F (32 °C)or higher annually; the average window for the latter mark is April 9–October 10. However, 59 to 60 nights of freezing lows occur, and an average of 4.8 days where the high does not rise above freezing. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 42.0 °F (5.6 °C) in January to 84.4 °F (29.1 °C) in July. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 4, 1947, to 117 °F (47 °C) on June 28, 1980. Snowfall is sporadic and averages 4.1 in (10 cm) per season, while rainfall is typically greatest in early summer.

In September 2011, Wichita Falls became the first Texas city[18] to have 100 days of 100 °F (38 °C) in one year.[lower-alpha 1]

During the 2015 Texas–Oklahoma floods, Wichita Falls broke its all-time record for the wettest month, with 17.00 inches of rain recorded in May 2015.[20]

Climate data for Wichita Falls, Texas (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1923–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 87
(31)		 93
(34)		 100
(38)		 103
(39)		 110
(43)		 117
(47)		 114
(46)		 113
(45)		 111
(44)		 102
(39)		 89
(32)		 88
(31)		 117
(47)
Average high °F (°C) 54.2
(12.3)		 58.3
(14.6)		 67.0
(19.4)		 75.8
(24.3)		 83.6
(28.7)		 91.4
(33)		 96.9
(36.1)		 96.6
(35.9)		 88.1
(31.2)		 77.0
(25)		 65.1
(18.4)		 54.7
(12.6)		 75.7
(24.3)
Average low °F (°C) 29.8
(−1.2)		 33.5
(0.8)		 41.2
(5.1)		 49.4
(9.7)		 59.6
(15.3)		 67.6
(19.8)		 71.9
(22.2)		 71.4
(21.9)		 63.3
(17.4)		 52.0
(11.1)		 40.3
(4.6)		 30.8
(−0.7)		 50.9
(10.5)
Record low °F (°C) −12
(−24)		 −8
(−22)		 6
(−14)		 24
(−4)		 35
(2)		 50
(10)		 54
(12)		 53
(12)		 38
(3)		 21
(−6)		 14
(−10)		 −7
(−22)		 −12
(−24)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.14
(29)		 1.75
(44.4)		 2.20
(55.9)		 2.61
(66.3)		 3.79
(96.3)		 4.15
(105.4)		 1.59
(40.4)		 2.50
(63.5)		 2.81
(71.4)		 3.11
(79)		 1.65
(41.9)		 1.62
(41.1)		 28.92
(734.6)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.4
(3.6)		 0.7
(1.8)		 0.5
(1.3)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 trace 0.3
(0.8)		 1.0
(2.5)		 3.9
(9.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 4.8 5.3 6.7 6.2 8.7 7.7 5.0 6.2 6.0 7.4 5.3 5.0 74.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.7 2.0
Source: National Weather Service,[19][21] Weather.com[22]

Major drought ends

Wichita Falls is no longer experiencing drought conditions. During a three-week period in May 2015, 17 inches of rain filled the city's water-source lakes, Arrowhead and Kickapoo, ending the drought. The lakes went from just below 19% capacity to 100% capacity. The drought began in 2011, when the city experienced 100 days of 100 °F weather and a significant decline in annual rainfall. The city averages 28.5 in of rain a year. In 2011, the city received only 13 in; 2012 had 19.75 in, and in 2013 23 in. The city implemented significant conservation efforts and constructed a direct potable reuse system (DPR) that took treated wastewater, which normally emptied into the Wichita River, and sent it to the water treatment plant, where it was blended with raw lake water and treated a total of five times through various cleaning processes, all approved and monitored by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The blended and treated water was then placed into the water system. City Mayor Glenn Barham explained, "This reuse system will put five million gallons [of water] back in the distribution system each day. The city saves five million gallons from being taken out of the lake." Within 7 months, the DPR produced 1 billion gallons of source water.[23][24][25]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18901,978—
19002,48025.4%
19108,200230.6%
192040,079388.8%
193043,6909.0%
194045,1123.3%
195068,04250.8%
1960101,72449.5%
197096,265−5.4%
198094,201−2.1%
199096,2592.2%
2000104,1978.2%
2010104,5530.3%
Est. 2015104,710[26]0.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[27]
Texas Almanac: 1850–2000[28]
2013 estimate[2]

As of the census[3] of 2000, 104,197 people, 37,970 households, and 24,984 families resided in the city.[29] The population density was 1,474.1 inhabitants per square mile (569.2/km2). The 41,916 housing units averaged 593.0 per square mile (229.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 75.1% White, 12.4% African American, 0.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.4% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 14.0% of the population.[29]

Of the 37,970 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.7% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were not families. About 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46, and the average family size was 3.04.[29]

In the city, the population was distributed as 24.7% under the age of 18, 15.2% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males.[29]

The median income for a household in the city was $32,554, and for a family was $39,911. Males had a median income of $27,609 versus $21,877 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,761. About 10.8% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.[29]

Economy

Memorial Day parade at Sheppard Air Force Base

Top employers

According to Wichita Falls' 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[30] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Sheppard Air Force Base 12,272
2 Wichita Falls Independent School District 2,059
3 North Texas State Hospital 1,974
4 United Regional Health Care System 1,778
5 City of Wichita Falls 1,477
6 Midwestern State University 1,284
7 James V. Allred Unit 971
8 Cryovac 732
9 Work Services Corporation 730
10 Howmet Castings 704

Media

Newspapers

Radio stations

Television stations

By default, Dallas' KERA-TV serves as the default PBS affiliate for Wichita Falls via a translator station on UHF channel 44.

Sports and recreation

Kay Yeager Coliseum

Nearby Lake Wichita was dredged in 1901 at a cost of $175,000 through the efforts of entrepreneur Joseph Kemp. The 234-acre (95 ha) Lake Wichita Park is on the north shore of the lake. This park offers a 2.6-mile concrete hiking and bicycling trail that runs from the southern tip of the park at Fairway Avenue to the dam. The trail resumes northward to Lucy Park. The park has a playground, basketball courts, and multiple picnic areas. The 10-unit picnic shelter can seat 60 people and is available for rent. The park also has two lighted baseball and two lighted softball fields, three lighted football fields, and an 18-hole disc golf course. The park has the only model airplane landing strip in the Texas state park system. An off-leash dog park is available.[31]

Because of drought, the fish population in Lake Wichita has been damaged by golden algae blooms and periods of low dissolved oxygen. Therefore, the lake was not recommended in 2013 as a destination for fishing.[32] When available, the fish population consists mostly of white bass, hybrid striped bass, channel catfish, and white crappie. Camping facilities are also available.[33]

Wichita Falls is the home of the annual Hotter'N Hell Hundred, the largest century bicycle ride in the United States.

Mark Rippetoe, a popular strength coach and author of Starting Strength – Basic Barbell Training, resides in Wichita Falls and owns the black-iron gym, the Wichita Falls Athletic Club.

The city has been home to a number of semiprofessional, developmental, and minor league sports teams, including the Wichita Falls Drillers, a semipro football team that has won numerous league titles and a national championship; Wichita Falls Kings (formerly known as Wichita Falls Razorbacks), the professional basketball team Wichita Falls Texans of the Continental Basketball Association; Wichita Falls Fever in the Lone Star Soccer Alliance (1989–92); the Wichita Falls Spudders baseball team in the Texas League; the Wichita Falls Wildcats (formerly the Wichita Falls Rustlers) of the North American Hockey League, an American "Junior A" Hockey league; and the Wichita Falls Roughnecks (formerly the Graham Roughnecks) of the Texas Collegiate League. The Dallas Cowboys held training camp in Wichita Falls during the late 1990s.

Lucy Park is a 170-acre (69 ha) park with a log cabin, duck pond, swimming pool, playground, frisbee golf course, and picnic areas. It has multiple paved walkways suitable for walking, running, biking, or rollerskating, including a river walk that goes to a recreation of the original falls for which the city was named (the original falls were destroyed in a 19th-century flood; the new falls were built in response to numerous tourist requests to visit the "Wichita Falls"). It is one of 37 parks throughout the city. The parks range in size from small neighborhood facilities to the 258 acres of Weeks Park featuring the Champions Course at Weeks Park, an 18-hole golf course. In addition, an off-leash dog park is within Lake Wichita Park and a skatepark adjacent to the city's softball complex. Also, unpaved trails for off-road biking and hiking are available.

The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame relocated to Wichita Falls from Amsterdam, New York, in November 2015.

Government

Local government

The mayor of Wichita Falls is Stephen Santellana, who was elected in 2016. The Wichita Falls City Council has six members: District 1-Stephen Santellana, District 2-DeAndra Chenault, District 3-Brian Hooker, District 4-Tim Ingle, District 5-Tom Quintero, and Councilor-at-Large-Michael Smith. The city manager is Darron Leiker.

State and federal politics

Wichita Falls is located in the 69th district of the Texas House of Representatives. Lanham Lyne, a Republican, represented the district from 2011 to 2013; he was the mayor of Wichita Falls from 2005 to 2010. When Lyne declined to seek a second term in 2012, voters chose another Republican, James Frank. Wichita Falls is located in the 30th district of the Texas Senate. Craig Estes, a Republican, has held the senate seat since 2001. Wichita Falls is part of Texas's 13th congressional district for the U.S. House of Representatives. Mac Thornberry, a Republican, has held this seat since 1995.

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice James V. Allred Unit is located in Wichita Falls, 4 mi (6.4 km) northwest of downtown Wichita Falls. The prison is named for former Governor James V. Allred, a Democrat and a native of Bowie, Texas, who lived early in his career in Wichita Falls.[34] The United States Postal Service operates the Wichita Falls Post Office, the Morningside Post Office, the Bridge Creek Post Office, and the Sheppard Air Force Base Post Office.[35]

Education

Hardin Administration Building at Midwestern State University

Wichita Falls is home to Midwestern State University, an accredited four-year college and the only independent liberal arts college in Texas offering both bachelor's and master's degrees. A local branch of nearby Vernon College offers two-year degrees, certificate programs, and workforce development programs, and also Wayland Baptist University, offering both bachelor's and master's degrees, whose main branch is located in Plainview, Texas.

Public primary and secondary education is covered by the Wichita Falls Independent School District, the City View Independent School District, and the Bright Ideas Charter School. The several parochial schools include Notre Dame Catholic school. Other private schools operate in the city, as does an active home-school community. Many of the local elementary schools participate in the Head Start program for preschool-aged children. The Wichita Falls ISD is one of only a handful of school districts in Texas that does not require its students to attend a particular school in the district based on their residency.

Two schools in the Wichita Falls ISD participate in the International Baccalaureate programs. Hirschi High School offers the IB Diploma Programme, and G.H. Kirby Junior High School for the Middle Years Programme. Other public high schools are Wichita Falls High School and S. H. Rider High School (Wichita Falls ISD) and City View High School (City View ISD).

Transportation

Highways

Wichita Falls is the western terminus for Interstate 44. U.S. Highways leading to or through Wichita Falls include 287, 277, 281, and 82. State Highway 240 ends at Wichita Falls and State Highway 79 runs through it. Wichita Falls has one of the largest freeway mileages for a city of its size as a result of a 1954 bond issue approved by city and county voters to purchase rights-of-way for several expressway routes through the city and county, the first of which was opened in 1958 as an alignment of U.S. 287 from Eighth Street at Broad and Holliday Streets northwestward across the Wichita River and bisecting Lucy and Scotland Parks to the Old Iowa Park Road, the original U.S. 287 alignment. That was followed by other expressway links including U.S. 82–287 east to Henrietta (completed in 1968), U.S. 281 south toward Jacksboro (completed 1969), U.S. 287 northwest to Iowa Park and Electra (opened 1962), Interstate 44 north to Burkburnett and the Red River (opened 1964), and Interstate 44 from Old Iowa Park Road to U.S. 287/Spur 325 interchange on the city's north side along with Spur 325 from I-44/U.S. 287 to the main gate of Sheppard Air Force Base (both completed as a single project in 1960). However, cross-country traffic for many years had to contend with several ground-level intersections and traffic lights over Holliday and Broad Streets near the downtown area for about 13 blocks between connecting expressway links until a new elevated freeway running overhead was completed in 2001.

Efforts to create an additional freeway along the path of Kell Boulevard for U.S. 82–277 began in 1967 with the acquisition of right-of-way that included a former railroad right-of-way and the first project including construction of the present frontage roads completed in 1977, followed by freeway lanes, overpasses, and on/off ramps in 1989 from just east of Brook Avenue west to Kemp Boulevard; similar projects west from Kemp to Barnett Road in 2001 followed by Barnett Road west past FM 369 in 2010 to tie in which a project now underway to transform U.S. 277 into a continuous four-lane expressway between Wichita Falls and Abilene.

Ground transportation

Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service to other locations served by Greyhound via its new terminal at the Wichita Falls Travel Center located at Fourth and Scott in downtown. Skylark Van Service shuttles passengers to and from Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport on several runs during the day all week long.

Air transportation

The Wichita Falls Municipal Airport is served by American Eagle, with four flights daily to the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. The Kickapoo Downtown Airport and the Wichita Valley Airport serve smaller, private planes.

Landmarks

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The previous record was 79 in 1980; a 52-day stretch, June 22 to August 12, of uninterrupted 100°F highs, and 100-day stretch, May 27 to September 3, of interrupted 90°F highs occurred. In addition, the all-time warm daily minimum of 88 °F (31 °C) was set on July 26, and June, July, and August of that year were all the hottest on record.[19]

References

  1. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  2. 1 2 "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  3. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  6. 1 2 3 "Wichita Falls History". WichitaFallsTexas.com. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  7. 1 2 Richard Carter (November 29, 2005). "Full circle: residences, businesses returning to spot where Wichita Falls began". Wichita Falls Times Record News. Wichita Falls, Texas: E. W. Scripps Company. p. A1. ISSN 0895-6138. Retrieved 2010-10-09. They say business and people have been moving westward in Wichita Falls ever since the city was born on Sept. 27, 1872. The birthplace of the city-the corner of Seventh and Ohio Streets, where the original town lot sale was held – is once again blossoming with renovated apartment buildings, new businesses and increased traffic.
  8. ↑ Bill Whitaker (August 20, 1998). "Cowboys Mosey On, But Littlest Skyscraper Remains". Abilene Reporter-News. Abilene, Texas: E. W. Scripps Company. ISSN 0199-3267. Retrieved 2010-10-09. But when the building was done, investors discovered the skyscraper was only 30 feet tall, 18 feet deep and 10 feet wide. And of the reportedly $200,000 sunk into the skyscraper's construction – well, that was plainly gone with the wind.
  9. ↑ Carlton Stowers (July 2008). "Legend of the World's Littlest Skyscraper" (PDF). Texas Co-Op Power. Austin, Texas: Texas Electric Cooperatives. 65 (1): 25. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
  10. ↑ Le Templar (March 19, 1999). "Historic District Could Expand". Wichita Falls Times Record News. Wichita Falls, Texas: E. W. Scripps Company. p. A1. ISSN 0895-6138. Retrieved 2010-10-09. The Wichita Falls Landmark Commission wants to more than double the size of the downtown historic district in an effort to slow the loss of buildings that proclaim the city's heritage. Commission members voted unanimously Thursday for expanding the district to include a total of 77 buildings on Indiana and Ohio streets.
  11. ↑ "Brian Hart, "Joseph Alexander Kemp"". Texas State Historical Association online. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Kell, Frank". The Handbook of Texas. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  13. ↑ "WICHITA RIVER", Handbook of Texas Online, accessed April 12, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. See also: Assessment of Channel Changes, Models of Historical Floods and Effects of Backwater on Flood Stage, and Flood Mitigation Alternatives for the Wichita River at Wichita Falls, Texas United States Geological Survey
  14. ↑ Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant tornadoes, 1680-1991: A Chronology an Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vt.: Environmental Films. p. 1050. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
  15. ↑ "The April 10, 1979 Severe Weather Outbreak". Weather Events. National Weather Service. January 19, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  16. ↑ "The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3, 1999". Weather Events. National Weather Service. November 20, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
  17. ↑ "Geographic Comparison Table- Texas". American Fast Facts. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  18. ↑ LiveScience. Accessed 2014-05-06
  19. 1 2 "National Weather Service Climate". Nws.noaa.gov. July 21, 2006. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  20. ↑ Washington Post (26 May 2015). "After massive storms in Oklahoma and Texas, at least nine killed and 30 people missing".
  21. ↑ "Station Name: TX WICHITA FALLS MUNI AP". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  22. ↑ "Monthly Averages for Wichita Falls, Texas". Weather.com. 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
  23. ↑ "Texas City Working To Turn Sewer Water Into Tap Water". CBS Dallas Fort Worth. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  24. ↑ Alex, Greig (27 February 2014). "From flush to faucet: Drought-stricken Texas town turning sewer water into drinking water". Daily Mail. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  25. ↑ SATIJA, NEENA (8 February 2014). "Texans Answer Call to Save Water, Only to Face Higher Rates". New York Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  26. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  27. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  28. ↑ "Texas Almanac: City Population History 1850–2000" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fact Sheet- Wichita Falls city, Texas". American Fast Facts. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
  30. ↑ City of Wichita CAFR
  31. ↑ "Lake Wichita Park". wichitafallstx.gov. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Wichita Reservoir". tpwd.state.tx.us. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  33. ↑ "Texas Panhandle Plains". texassportfishing.com. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  34. ↑ ""Allred Unit". Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  35. ↑ "Post Office Locations in the WICHITA FALLS, TX area". The United States Postal Service. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Jack O. Loftin, "Joseph Sterling Bridwell"". Texas State Historical Association online. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  37. ↑ Douglas, Martin (July 19, 2009). "William C. Conner, 89, Judge Known for First Amendment Rulings, Dies – Obituary". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  38. ↑ "Carolyn Roy, "Longtime KSLA anchor and news director Don Owen passes away"". KSLA-TV. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
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