List of chicken breeds

Thirty-nine varieties of chicken (and one Guinea Fowl).

There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.^[1] Domesticated for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering, egg color, and place of origin.^[1] They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.^[1]

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed standards set down by governing organizations. The first of such standards was the British Poultry Standard, which is still in publication today.^[2][3] Other standards include the Standard of Perfection, the Australian Poultry Standard, and the standard of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with bantam fowl.^[3] Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.^[1]

Table of contents
By place of origin: Afghanistan • Albania • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China • Croatia • Cuba • Czech Republic • Egypt • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Iceland • India • Indonesia • Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Myanmar • Netherlands • Norway • Pakistan • Philippines • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • South Africa • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • United Kingdom • United States • Vietnam
By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition
Other: Bantams • Hybrids
See also   •    Footnotes   •    References

By place of origin

Afghanistan

Ingriido[4] Khasaki[4] Kulangi[4]

Pusty[4] Sabzwari[4]

Albania

Commune hen[4] Black Tropoja Lekbibaj[4] Tirana[4]

Tropoja Pac[4] Yerevanian[4]

Australia

The Australorp, an Australian breed

Australorp Australian Langshan

Australian Game Australian Pit Game

Austria

Altsteirer[5]

Sulmtaler

Belgium

The d'Everberg, a Belgian ornamental bantam

Ardennaise or Ardenner[6][7] (large and bantam) Ardenner Bolstaart[4] Belgian Bearded d'Anvers, Antwerp Belgian, Barbu d'Anvers or Antwerpse baardkriel[7] (bantam) Barbu de Boitsfort or Bosvoordse baardkriel[7] (bantam) Barbu de Grubbe or Grubbe baardkriel[7] (bantam) Belgian d'Everberg, Barbu d'Everberg or Everbergse baardkriel[7] (bantam) Barbu de Watermael or Watermaalse baardkriel[7] (bantam) Bearded d'Uccle, Barbu d'Uccle or Ukkelse baardkriel[7] (bantam) Bassette Liègeoise[7] (bantam) Brabanter, Brabançonne or Brabants hoen[6][7] (large and bantam) Braekel or Brakel[6][7] (large and bantam) Campine Combattant de Bruges or Brugse vechter[6][7] (large and bantam) Combattant de Liège or Luikse vechter[6][7] (large and bantam) Combattant de Tirlemont or Tiense vechter[6][7] (large and bantam) Coucou d'Izegem or Izegemse koekoek[6] Coucou des Flandres or Vlaanderse koekoek[6] Famennoise or Famennehoen[6][7] (large and bantam)

Fauve de Hesbaye or Gele van Haspengouw[6] Fauve de Mehaigne or Gele van Mehaigne[7] (bantam) Herve or Hervehoen[6][7] (large and bantam) Huttegem[4] Malines or Mechels hoen[6][7] (large and bantam) Mechelse kalkoenkop[4] Naine belge or Belgische kriel[7] (bantam) Naine de Waes or Waasse kriel[7] (bantam) Naine du Tournaisis or Doornikse kriel[7] (bantam) Pondeuse de Zingem or Zingems leghoen[6] Poule d'Aarschot or Aarschots hoen[6] Poule de la vallée de la Zwalm or Hoen van de Zwalmvallei[6] Poule de Zottegem or Zottegems hoen[6] Zingems vleeshoen[4]

Bulgaria

Black Shumen cock

Black Shumen

Starozagorska Red

Canada

Chantecler

Red Shaver

Chile

• Araucana

China

A Silkie hen

Cochin Croad Langshan Nankin

Pekin Silkie

• PeKin Oil Chicken

  PeKin Oil Chicken, namely, China Court Yellow Chicken,is a breed own about more than 300 years history in Bei Jing, the Capital of China.

Croatia

• Hrvatica (Croatian Hen, Kokoš Hrvatica)^[8][9]

Cuba

Cubalaya cock

• Cubalaya

Cyprus

• Cypriot chicken

Czech Republic

Czech gold brindle chicken (Česká slepice zlatě kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka, Češka)[10][11][12]

Šumavanka[12]

Egypt

Alexandria[4] Arbrikers[4] Bahig[4] Bandara[4] Boffen[4] Dandarawi[4] Dokki 4[4] Baladi Beheri[4] Fayoumi[4] Gimmizah[4]

Golden Montazah[4] Hawara[4] Inshas[4] Iven[4] Kherbis[4] Mandarah[4] Matrouh[4] Salam[4] Silver Montazah[4] Sinai[4]

Finland

Alho[4][13] Finnish Landrace chicken (Finnish chicken)[14][15] Häme[4][13] Hornio[4][13] Iitti[4][13] Ilmajoki[4][13] Jalasjärvi[13]

Jussila[4][13] Kiuruvesi[4][13] Lindellin[4][13] Luumäki[4][13] Piikkiö[4][13] Savitaipale[4][13] Tyrnävä[4][13]

France

Crèvecœur

La Flèche

Faverolles

Aquitaine[16] Ardeale[4] Ardennaise, or Sans-queue des Ardennes[16] Barbezieux[16] Blanzac[4] Bourbonnaise[16] Bourbourg[16] Bresse Gauloise[16] Caumont[16] Caussade[16] Charollaise[16] Cocherelle[4] Combattant du Nord[16] Contres[16] Cotentine[16] Coucou des Flandres[16] Coucou de France[16] Coucou de Rennes[16] Coucou Picarde[4] Coucou Soie[4] Cou-nu du Forez[16] Courtes-Pattes[16] Crèvecœur Estaires[16] Faverolles clair (light)[16] Faverolles foncée (dark or German Faverolles)[16] Favoris[4] Gasconne[16]

Gâtinaise[16] Gauloise dorée[16] Géline de Touraine[16] Gournay[16] Hergnies[16] Houdan[16] Ivanaise[4] Janzé[16] Javanaise[16] La Flèche Landaise[16] Le Mans[16] Le Merlerault[16] Meusienne[16] Limousine (coq de pêche)[16] Lyonnaise[16] Mantes[16] Marans[16] Noire du Berry[16] Noire de Challans[16] Pavilly[16] Poule d'Alsace[16] Poule de Caux[4] Poule de Marquise[4] Poule de Saint-Omer[4] Poule des Courrières[4] Poule des haies, see Ardennaise[4] Provençale[4]

Germany

The oldest German breed, the Bergische Kräher (Historical illustration by Jean Bungartz, 1885)

The longtailed Phoenix, a German breed derived from the Japanese Onagadori

The auto-sexing Bielefelder, created in the 70s

Large breeds

Annaberger Haubenstrupphühner[17][18] Augsburger[17][18] Bergische Kräher,[17][18] Bergische Schlotterkämme[17][18] Bielefelder Kennhuhn[17][18] Deutsches Lachshuhn,[17] see Faverolles[18] Deutsche Langschan,[17] see German Langshan[18] Deutsches Reichshuhn[17][18] Deutsche Sperber[17][18] Dresdner[17][18] Hamburger,[17] see Hamburg[18] Kraienköppe (Twents hoen)[18] Krüper[17][18] Lakenfelder,[17] see Lakenvelder[18] Nackthalshühner, see Naked-neck[18] Niederrheiner[17][18] Ostfriesische Möwen,[17][18] see East Frisian Gull Pfälzer Kämpfer[18] Phoenix[18] Ramelsloher[17][18] Rheinländer[17][18] Sachsenhuhn[17][18] Strupphuhn, see Frizzle[18] Sultanhuhn, see Sultan[18] Sundheimer[17][18] Thüringer Barthuhn[17][18] Vogtländer[17][18] Vorwerkhuhn,[17] see Vorwerk[18] Westfälische Totleger,[17][18] see Westphalian chicken Bantams Bergische Zwerg-Kräher[18][19] Bergische Zwerg-Schlotterkämme[18][19] Bielefelder Zwerg-Kennhühner[18][19] Brügger Zwerg-Kämpfer[19] Deutsche Zwerghühner[18][19] Deutsche Zwerg-Lachshühner,[19] see Faverolle Bantam[18] Deutsche Zwerg-Langschan,[19] see German Langshan Bantam[18] Deutsche Zwerg-Reichshühner[18][19] Deutsche Zwerg-Sperber[18][19] Frankfurter Zwerghühner[18][19] Ostfriesische Zwerg-Möwen[18][19] Ruhlaer Zwerg-Kaulhühner[18][19] Siamesisches Zwerg-Seidenhühner[18][19] Thüringer Zwerg-Barthühner[18][19] Zwerg-Altsteirer[18][19]

Zwerg-Amrocks[18][19] Zwerg-Andalusier,[18][19] see Andalusian[18] Zwerg-Araucana,[19] see Rumpless Araucana Bantam[18] Zwerg-Asil, see Asil Bantam[18] Zwerg-Augsburger,[19] see Augsburger Bantam[18] Zwerg-Australorps,[19] see Australorp Bantam[18] Zwerg-Barnevelder,[19] see Barnevelder Bantam[18] Zwerg-Brahma,[19] see Brahmas[18] Zwerg-Brakel,[19] see Brakel Bantam[18] Zwerg-Créve Coeur,[19] see Crevecoeur Bantam[18] Zwerg-Dominikaner,[19] see Dominique Bantam[18] Zwerg-Dresdner[18][19] Zwerg-Hamburger, see Hamburg Bantam[18] Zwerg-Italiener,[19] see Leghorn Bantam[18] Zwerg-Kastilianer[18][19] Zwerg-Krüper[18][19] Zwerg-La Fléche,[19] see La Fleche Bantam[18] Zwerg-Lakenfelder,[19] see Lakenfelder Bantam[18] Zwerg-Minorka,[19] see Minorca Bantam[18] Zwerg-Nackthalshühner,[19] see Naked-neck bantam Zwerg-New Hampshire, see New Hampshire Bantam[18] Zwerg-Niederrheiner[18][19] Zwerg-Orloff,[19] see Orloff Bantam[18] Zwerg-Orpinglon[19] see Orpington Bantam[18] Zwerg-Phönix,[19] see Phoenix[18] Zwerg-Plymouth Rocks,[19] see Plymouth Rock Bantam[18] Zwerg-Rheinländer[18][19] Zwerg-Rhodeländer[18][19] Zwerg-Sachsenhühner[18][19] Zwerg-Sulmtaler,[19] see Sulmtaler Bantam[18] Zwerg-Sundheimer[18][19] Zwerg-Sussex,[19] see Sussex Bantam[18] Zwerg-Vorwerkhühner[19] see Vorwerk Bantam[18] Zwerg-Welsumer[19] see Welsumer Bantam[18] Zwerg-Yokohama[19] see Yokohama Bantam[18]

Greece

Alonissos island chicken[20] Chios Fighting chicken[21] Follidotes chicken[22] Kalamata chicken[23]

Pomak Fighting chicken[24] Lesvos Fillianes chicken[25] Trikala chicken[26]

Iceland

• Icelandic chicken

India

The Aseel, a fighting breed

Ankaleshwar[4] Aseel[4] Busra[4] Cari Gold[4] Danki[4] Daothigir[4] Debendra[4] Dhanraja[4] Ghagus[4] Giriraja[4] Gramalakshmi[4] Gramapriya[4]

Kadaknath[4] Kalasthi[4] Kalinga Brown[4] Kashmir Faverolla[4] Krishna-J[4] Miri[4] Mrityunjay[4] Nicobari[4] Punjab Brown[4] Tellicherry[4] Vanaraja[4] Yamuna[4] kushi[27]

Indonesia

Sumatra cock

Ayam Cemani Bekisar (interspecific hybrid) Ketawa Sumatra chicken

Kedu (nationally standardized) Sentul (nationally standardized) Kokok Balenggek (nationally standardized) Pelung (long-crower from West Java, locally standardized)

Iran

The Orloff, an Iranian breed

Manx Rumpy (or Rumpless Game)

Orloff[2][28]

Italy

Leghorn hen

Ancona[4] Bianca di Saluzzo[29] Bionda Piemontese[29] Ciuffine Ghigi[29] Collo Nudo Italiano[29] Ermellinata di Rovigo[29] Livorno, see Leghorn[29] Mericanel della Brianza[29] Millefiori di Lonigo[29] Millefiori Piemontese[29] Modenese[29] Mugellese[29]

Padovana[4][29] Padovana Riccia[29] Pepoi[29] Polverara[4][29] Robusta Lionata[29] Robusta Maculata[29] Romagnola[29] Siciliana[29] Sicilian Buttercup Valdarno[4][29] Valdarnese[29]

Japan

Japanese Bantam (or Chabo) Shamo (or Ko-Shamo)

Tomaru Onagadori

Korea

• Jangmigye

Kosovo

• Kosova Long-crowing^[30]

Malaysia

Malay

Serama

Marianas

• Saipan Jungle Fowl

Myanmar

• Burmese

Netherlands

The Barnevelder

Assendelfts Hoen (large and bantam)[31] Barnevelder (large and bantam)[31] Brabanter (large and bantam)[31] Chaamse hoenders[31] Drents Hoen (large and bantam)[31] Eikenburgerkriel (bantam)[31] Fries Hoen (large and bantam)[31] Friesian Groninger Meeuw (large and bantam)[31]

Hollandse Kriel, see Dutch Bantam (bantam)[31] Hollandse Kuifhoen (large and bantam)[31] Hollands Hoen (large and bantam), see Hamburg chicken (large and bantam)[31] Kraaikop (large and bantam)[31] Lakenvelder (large and bantam)[31] Nederlandse Baardkuifhoen (large and bantam)[31] Nederlandse Sabelpootkriel, see Dutch Booted Bantam (bantam)[31] Nederlandse Uilebaard (large and bantam)[31] Noord Hollands Hoen or Noord-Hollandse Blauwe, see North Holland Blue (large and bantam)[31] Schijndelaar[31] Twents Hoen (large and bantam)[31] Welsummer (large and bantam)[31]

Norway

• Norwegian Jærhøne

Pakistan

Asil (or Aseel)[4] Sindhi[4]

Lyallpur Silver black[4]

Philippines

• Banaba^[32][33]
• Bolinao^[32][33]
• Camarines^[32][33]
• Darag^[32][33]
• Paraoakan or Parawakan^[32][33]

Poland

Polbar[4]

Zielononóżka Kuropatwiana (Green-legged Partridge)[4]

Portugal

Amarela[34] Preta Lusitânica[34]

Pedrês Portuguesa[34] Raça Branca[34]

Romania

Naked-neck

• Transylvanian Naked-neck

Russia

Russian Orloff

Yurlov Crower

Serbia

Banat Naked-neck (Banatski gološijan)[35] Sombor Crested chicken (Somborska kaporka)[4]

Svrljig Black (Svrljiška kokoš)[4][36]

Slovakia

• Oravka^[4]

South Africa

Ovambo[37] Potchefstroom Koekoek[37]

Venda[37] Boschveld

Spain

A Minorca rooster

A Cantabrian Pedresa rooster without tail feathers

Andalusian, Andaluza Azul Cara Blanca[4] Castilian, Castellana Negra[4][38] Catalana, Catalana Del Prat or Prat Leonada Empordanesa[4][38] Euskal oiloa[4][38] Extremaduran, Extremeña Azul Indio de León[4][38] Gallina Mallorquina[4][38] Minorca, Gallina Menorquina[38]

Murciana[4][38] Galiña de Mos[4][38] Pardo de León[4][38] Penedesenca Pedresa, Cuca, Franciscana or Cantabrian [39] Pita Pinta Asturiana Pitiüsa[4] Spanish game, Combatiente español[38] Utrerana[4][38] Valenciana de Chulilla[4][38] White-Faced Black Spanish

Sweden

Åsbohöna[4] Bohuslän-Dals svarthöna[4] Gotlandshöna[4] Hedemorahöna[4] Ölandshöns[4]

Öländsk dvärghöna[4] Orusthöna[4] Skånsk blommehöna[4] Svensk dvärghöna[4] Silverudd Blue/Isbar[4]

Switzerland

The Appenzeller, a rare Swiss crested breed

Appenzeller Barthühner,[18] see Appenzeller Appenzeller Spitzhauben,[18] see Appenzeller Schweizerhuhn[18]

Zwerg-Appenzeller Barthuhn,[18] see Appenzeller Zwerg-Schweizerhuhn,[18] see Schweizer chicken

Thailand

• Gai Chon^[40]
• Gai Puen Muang^[40]
• Pradu Hang Dum^[40] or Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai^[41]
• Thai Game^[42]:296

Turkey

The Sultan, a Turkish breed

Abaza[4] Denizli[4][43] Gebze[4] Gerze[4] Hacikadin[4] Sultan

Ukraine

• Poltava

United Kingdom

A Buff Orpington cock

Burford Brown Cornish (sometimes called the "Indian Game" although not from India) Derbyshire Redcap Dorking Ixworth Marsh Daisy Modern Game Modern Langshan Muffed Old English Game Norfolk Grey

Old English Game Old English Pheasant Fowl Orpington Rosecomb Scots Dumpy Scots Grey Sebright Sussex

United States of America

Ameraucana American Game Buckeye Blue Hen of Delaware California Gray Delaware Dominique Holland Iowa Blue Java

Jersey Giant Lamona New Hampshire Plymouth Rock (or Barred Rock, Rock) Pyncheon Rhode Island Red Rhode Island White Winnebago Wyandotte Leghorn chicken

Vietnam

Ga Ac[4] Ga Choi[4] Ga Dong Tao[4] Gà Hồ[4] Ga Mia[4] Ga Mong[4] Ga Noi Ga Ri[4] Ga Tau Vang[4]

Ca To[4] Ga Tre Tan Chau[4] H'mong[4] Oke[4] Phu lu Te[4] Te[4] Tien Yen[4] Vanphu[4]

By primary use

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

Eggs

An Araucana

Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

Ancona Andalusian Asturian Painted Hen Barnevelder Campine Catalana Easter Egger Egyptian Fayoumi Norwegian Jærhøne

Kraienköppe (Twentse) Lakenvelder Leghorn Marans Minorca Orloff Penedesenca Sicilian Buttercup White-Faced Black Spanish Welsummer

Meat

Most farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production. Some breeds are raised mainly for meat:

Bresse Cornish (a.k.a. Indian Game)

Ixworth Jersey Giant

Dual-purpose

Barred Plymouth Rock, a dual-purpose breed

The generalist breeds used in barnyards worldwide are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.

Australorp Brahma Braekel (Brakel) Buckeye California Gray Chantecler Cubalaya Derbyshire Redcap Dominique Dorking Faverolles Holland Iowa Blue Java Jersey Giant

Marsh Daisy Naked-neck New Hampshire Norfolk Grey Orpington Plymouth Rock Poltava Red Shaver Rhode Island Red Rhode Island White Scots Dumpy Scots Grey Sussex Winnebago Wyandotte

Exhibition

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit as fighting cocks.

Key
^U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.
^G denotes a game breed.

Modern Game Fowl

American Game ^G Asil ^G Appenzeller ^U Barbu de Watermael Belgian Bearded d'Anvers Bearded d'Uccle Belgian d'Everberg Blue Hen of Delaware ^G Booted Bantam Cochin Crèvecœur ^U Croad Langshan ^U Dutch Bantam Frizzle Ga Noi^G Hamburg ^U Houdan ^U Japanese Bantam

Jangmigye La Flèche ^U Malay ^G Modern Game Nankin Old English Game ^G Pekin Phoenix Polish ^U Rosecomb Sebright Serama Shamo ^G Silkie Sultan Sumatra Vorwerk ^U Yokohama

Bantams

Golden Sebright cockerel

Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:

Belgian Bearded d'Anvers Belgian Bearded d'Uccle Belgian d'Everberg Booted Bantam Dutch Bantam Japanese Bantam

Nankin Pekin Rosecomb Sebright Serama Silkie

Cross-breeds

See also Category:Chicken hybrids

Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

Black Sex Link (also called Black Stars or * Black Rock in the UK) Red Sex Link (also called Red Stars) ISA Brown Kuroiler Lohmann Brown

Daisy Belle Cream Legbar Cornish-Rock Easter Egger Broiler

See also

• List of birds
• List of duck breeds
• List of goose breeds
• List of turkey breeds
• Chickens as pets

Footnotes

1. (Ekarius 2007, p. 23)
2. (Ekarius 2007)
3. (Heinrichs 2007)
4. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2012.
5. "Altsteirer". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
6. Grandes volailles (in French) Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges. Accessed January 2012. "Large poultry breeds"
7. Volailles naines (in French) Association pour la Promotion des Animaux de Basse-cour Belges. Accessed January 2012. "Dwarf poultry breeds"
8. "Croatian Hen". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
9. http://www.rfp-europe.org/fileadmin/SITE_ERFP/country_reports/Crotia/CR_Croatia_2009.pdf
10. http://www.eaap.org/Previous_Annual_Meetings/2009Barcelona/Papers/01_Gardianova.pdf
11. "Biodiversity in the CR/animals genetic resources". Enrin.grida.no. Accessed January 2012.
12. "Czech chicken breeds". Accessed January 2012.
13. Nikkonen, Terhi (2011) Finnish AnGR conservation programme: What and how? MTT Agrifood Research Finland. Accessed January 2012.
14. "Finnish Chickens". Feathersite.com. Accessed January 2012.
15. "Finnish National Animal Genetic Resources Program / Each country's work / Nordic conservation work / InnehĂĽll / Farm Animals / NordGens webbplats - Nordic Genetic Resource Center". Nordgen.org. Accessed January 2012.
16. French fowl Fédération française des volailles. Accessed January 2012.
17. Hühner 2011 (in German) Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter e.V. Accessed January 2012. "Chickens 2011"
18. Listing of European Poultry Breeds and Colours, 2013, entente-ee.com
19. Zwerghühner 2011 (in German) Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter e.V. Accessed January 2012. "Dwarf chickens 2011"
20. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
21. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
22. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
23. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
24. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
25. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
26. "Arca-Net". Arca-net.info. Accessed January 2012.
28. (Percy 2006, p. 17)
29. Atlante delle razze * di polli (in Italian) Accessed January 2012. "Atlas of chicken breeds"
30. "Kosova Long Crowing Rooster". Retrieved 18 July 2012.
31. Hoenders en dwerghoenders (in Dutch) Nederlandse Bond van Hoender, Dwerghoender, Sier- en Watervogelhouders. Accessed January 2012. "Chickens and dwarf chickens".
32. Breeds reported by Philippines: Chicken. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2014.
33. Feleciano R. Bejar, Manuel J. Baylon, Jaime B. Fabillar, Lagrito Ebert B. Mante, Arturo A. Ultra, Reynaldo R. Aquino, Elvie T. Bejar (2012). Management Practices and Morphological Characterization of Indigenous (Native) Chickens in Samar Province. Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture: Agriculture & Development Discussion Paper Series No. 2012-3.
34. Aves (in Portuguese) Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã. Accessed January 2012. "Birds"
35. Banatski gološijan standard (in Serbian) Udruzenje za zastitu i odgoj sitnih zivotinja Sremska Mitrovica. Accessed January 2012.
36. Svrljig Kokos Balkan Network for Agrobiodiversity. Accessed January 2012.
37. Agricultural Research Council - The indigenous poultry breeds of SA
38. Ganaderia: Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España (in Spanish) Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Accessed January 2012 (click Razas, then Catálogo Oficial de razas). "Breeding: official catalogue of agricultural breeds in Spain".
39. Asociacion Cántabra para la Conservación y Fomento de la Gallina Pedresa.
40. Breeds reported by Thailand: Chicken. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2016.
41. "Pradu Hang Dam Chiangmai". Poultry Research and Development Section, Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development, Thailand.
42. Victoria Roberts (2008). British poultry standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156424.
43. "Denizli Rooster". Kultur.Gov.Tr. Department of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Turkey. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

References

• Ekarius, Carol (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. 210 MAS MoCA Way, North Adams MA 01247: Storey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58017-667-5.
• Heinrichs, Christine (2007). How To Raise Chickens. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7938-0601-0.
• Percy, Pam (2006). The Field Guide to Chickens. Suite 200, 380 Jackson St, St Paul MN 55101: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0-7603-2473-5.